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Today's society is full of uncertainty, especially during the outbreak of the Russian Ukrainian Conflict, oil prices have changed. This paper uses VAR model and ARMA-GARCHX model to figure out if the high price of oil due to the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine will lead to changes in the price of Bitcoin. Through the use of STATA, it is concluded that in an uncertain market, the price of Bitcoin will be affected by the rise in oil prices. This paper combines the Russian Ukrainian conflict, oil price and Bitcoin price, and uses relevant data to fill in the relevant theories of the impact of the Russian Ukrainian conflict. Therefore, in the process of consumer investment, investors should not only pay attention to the benefits of Bitcoin, but also pay attention to many shortcomings of this emerging virtual currency. Besides, supervisors should improve the stability in the Bitcoin market.

In this study, Ti particles reinforced Mg AZ31/Al 6082 composite sheets were successfully prepared by hot rolling, with the aim of revealing the effect of Ti particles addition on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of Mg AZ31/Al 6082 composite sheets. The results showed that Ti particles were uniformly distributed at the interface of the Mg/Al-Ti composite sheets, which could greatly reduce the amount of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds during annealing treatment. Compared to the Mg/Al sheet, the tensile strength and elongation of the Mg/Al-Ti sheet could be improved simultaneously after the annealing treatment. Ti particles addition hardly affected the grain size, texture type, and tensile fracture morphology of the Mg layer and Al layer in the composite sheets before and after annealing. This present study provides a new perspective on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of Mg/Al composites through the addition of metal particles.

The thermochromic properties of two donor–acceptor type fluorescent molecules DpAn-InAc and DpAn-BzAc in powder- and film-states were studied.

Purpose: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is traditionally considered as an unilateral disease. However, subclinical involvements in the contralateral eye structures are evidence, giving rise to a broader understanding of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Methods: We enrolled 20 eyes of 10 patients with HZO and 12 eyes of healthy controls to investigate the bilateral features of HZO patients using a hand-held pupillometer and a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Results: Maximum pupil size before constriction (INT) and minimum diameter when pupil constricts at peak (END) were significantly smaller in patients affected eyes compared with those in controls (p < .05). Interestingly, INT and END were significantly reduced in contralateral eyes of 20 affected patients and also in comparison to control group (p < .001 and p = .034 respectively). Conclusion: The contralateral eyes may have subclinical involvement in patients with HZO based on significantly abnormal pupillary light reflex (PLR). Pupillometer provides a primary and convenient method to investigate the anatomy and pathology of the PLR.

Chromium in its trivalent form (chromium (III)) is an essential component of a balanced diet, and its deficiency disturbs glucose and lipid metabolism in humans and animals. The prevailing view is that chromium (III) is notably less toxic than chromium (VI), which is genotoxic and carcinogenic. Thus, the biotransformation of environmental chromium (VI) to chromium (III) is a promising and environmentally friendly detoxification method. However, increasing evidence suggests that chromium (III) induces considerable cytotoxicity. However, the toxicity of chromium (III) to early embryos remains largely unknown. In the present study, we used in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce mouse embryos and identified the direct embryotoxicity of chromium (III). On exposure to high concentrations of CrCl3, blastocyst formation almost completely failed and a large proportion of embryos were arrested at the 2- to 4-cell stage. At low concentrations of CrCl3, IVF embryos showed a significant decrease in blastocyst formation, reduced total cell numbers, aberrant lineage differentiation, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis. We also found that chromium (III) exposure during the preimplantation stage, even at low concentrations, led to impaired post-implantation development. Thus, our study substantiates the direct embryotoxicity of chromium (III) during preimplantation development and prolonged impairment of development potential. The results further highlight the potential adverse effects of chromium (III) on public reproductive health with respect to increased environmental enrichment of and dietary supplementation with chromium (III) complexes.

The complex microstructure of the surrounding porous rock of a tunnel has a significant influence on tunnel leakage. However, traditional tunnel leakage models are rarely able to quantify the interactions between the microstructure and macroscopic parameters of the surrounding porous rock of a tunnel, and the influence of the microstructure evolution on tunnel leakage. In order to quantify the contribution of the surrounding rock microstructure to leakage, a model capable of investigating the interaction between the evolution of microstructure and tunnel leakage behavior under the action of multi-physical fields is established based on fractal theory. The model couples the evolution of microstructure with the stress effect, adsorption–desorption effect, water pressure effect and surrounding rock deformation during tunnel leakage. The accuracy of the model is verified against experimental results, and the contribution of the surrounding porous rock pore size and pore distribution to tunnel water leakage is investigated. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for a reasonably accurate study of the tunnel leakage mechanism.

In this work, we develop an envelope of design solutions for combined intensified reaction/separation systems. The attainable region-based continuous flow stirred tank reactor equivalence principle...

This paper aims to develop a chloride transport model of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) that can consider the influence of both exposure time and crack width. ECC specimens with crack widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm were soaked into NaCl solution with periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The free chloride content profile was measured and used for the development of the transport model. Regression analysis was applied to build the time and crack width dependent models of apparent diffusion coefficient and surface chloride content. The results show that the crack width has significant influence on the free chloride concentration profile when it is above 0.2 mm and the time-dependent constant n decreases linearly with the crack width. The chloride transport model was obtained by subscribing the models of apparent diffusion coefficient and surface chloride content into the analytical solution of Fick’s second law. The model was further validated with the experimental results, showing a deviation within 20%. The findings of the presented study can enhance the current understanding on the chloride transportation in ECC.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is carbon friendly biological nitrogen removal process, and recently more focus is given to improving the anammox activity. Because of its high adsorption and modifiability, graphene and its derivative in wastewater treatment have received much attention. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on anammox are still controversial. Extensive data analysis was performed to explore the effects of GO and RGO on anammox. Statistical analysis revealed that 100 mg/L GO significantly promoted the anammox process, while 200 mg/L of GO inhibited the anammox process. The promotion of anammox performance under the influence of RGO was dependent on the temperature. The Logistic model was utilized for depicting the variation of nitrogen removal efficiency under promoting dosage of graphene oxides. A neural network model-based analysis was performed to reach anammox's potential mechanisms under the influence of two graphene oxides. Spearman correlation analysis showed that GO and RGO had significant positive correlations with nitrogen removal efficiency and specific anammox activity (p 0.01), especially for RGO. In addition, the abundance of Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae was positively correlated with the addition of graphene oxides. This work comprehensively unraveled the role of graphene oxide materials on the anammox process and provided practical directions for the enhancement of anammox.

The importance of considering operability, control, and safety criteria in the analysis and design of process intensification configurations is discussed in this paper. We first rigorously analyze the loss of degrees of freedom and role of constraints in intensified systems comparing with their conventional process counterparts. A comparison study on inherent safety metrics in reactive distillation process is then presented to stress the need for new safety metrics at early design stage. To address these operability and safety challenges, we highlight a framework for systematic integration of operability, safety, and control to synthesize operable process intensification systems.

Process intensification (PI) has been gaining increasing momentum in the chemical engineering research community and the chemical/energy industry. While many PI alternative technologies and their conventional counterparts exist, systematic approaches and tools to decide on the most promising intensified process solutions are currently rather lacking. Process Systems Engineering (PSE) can contribute uniquely to this challenge by leveraging process synthesis, design, analysis, and optimization tools. However, key open questions in this area still remain, including: (i) how to efficiently address the combinatorial design space and systematically deliver intensified designs, and (ii) how to ensure the operablility performances of the derived intensified structures at an early design stage. This paper provides a brief review of recent progress towards the synthesis of operable process intensification systems, highlights major challenges, and discusses future research opportunities.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) production is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the wastewater treatment industry in the context of “carbon neutrality”. In this study, the carbon emissions and energy consumption of typical wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated, starting from different cities and water treatment plants. Tool of Energy Performance and Carbon Emission Assessment and Monitoring (ECAM) was used. By comparing the influent BOD5, it was found that the energy consumption for wastewater treatment was positively correlated with the influent organic load. The annual CH4 emission of Xi’an WWTP can reach 19,215 t CO2eq. Moreover, GHGs are closely related to the wastewater treatment process chosen. WWTP B of Kunming used only an anaerobic process without continuous aeration, with an average monthly energy consumption of 8.63 × 105 kW·h. The proportion of recoverable biogas was about 90% in the GHG discharged by the traditional process. However, the anaerobic digestion-thermoelectric cogeneration process can make the recovery of the biogas utilization ratio reach 100%. Compared to the Shuozhou WWTP and WWTP A of Kunming, the Strass WWTP served the smallest population and had the largest treatment capacity, reaching the lowest energy consumption, consuming only 23,670 kW·h per month. The evaluation and analysis of ECAM provide data support and research foundation for the wastewater treatment plants to improve energy utilization and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.