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In this study we aim to review the current evidence of Food is Medicine interventions on diabetes outcomes among low-income or food-insecure individuals.Seven databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to October 26, 2021 for full-text articles written in English. The studies included experimental studies of any duration and design which addressed the effect of Food is Medicine interventions on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels among low-income or food-insecure populations with prediabetes or diabetes of any age group. Only direction of effect of interventions on FV intake were ascertained due to high variability in outcome measurement. A1C results were pooled using generic inverse variance with a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and quantified by ISixteen studies were included. Five of the 8 studies reported a significant increase in FV intake. Seven of the 14 studies reported a significant decrease in A1C levels. A meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials (n=843) resulted in clinically meaningful reductions in A1C compared with control (mean difference, -0.47%; 95% confidence interval, -0.66 to -0.29, IFood is Medicine interventions are effective in increasing FV intake and reducing A1C levels of the target population. More randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the results.

Mutational signatures, the generic patterns of mutations, are the footprints of both endogenous and exogenous factors that have influenced cancer development. To date, dozens of mutational signatures have been discerned through computational methods. However, the etiology, mutational properties, clonality, immunology and prognostic value of mutation signatures across cancer types are poorly understood. To address this, we extensively characterized mutational signatures across 8836 cancer samples spanning 42 cancer types. We confirmed and extended clinical and genomic features associated with mutation signatures. Mutation distribution analysis showed that most mutation processes were depleted in exons and APOBEC signatures (SBS2 and SBS13), the Pol-η related signature (SBS9) and SBS40 tended to contribute clustered mutations. We observed that age-related signatures (SBS1 and SBS5) and SBS40 tended to induce mutations affecting cancer genes and subclonal drivers posted by specific signatures (eg, mismatch repair deficiency-related signature SBS44) were unlikely subjected to positive selection. We also revealed early mutation signatures (eg, UV light exposure-related signature SBS7a) and signatures (eg, reactive oxygen species-related signature SBS18) predominated in the late stage of tumorigenesis. Comprehensive association analysis of mutation processes with microenvironment revealed that APOBEC- and mismatch repair deficiency-related signatures were positively associated with immune parameters, while age-related signatures showed negative correlations. In addition, prognostic association analysis showed that many signatures were favorable (eg, SBS9) or adverse factors (eg, SBS18) of patient survival. Our findings enhance appreciation of the role of mutational signatures in tumor evolution and underline their potential in immunotherapy guidance and prognostic prediction.

Our aim in this study was to assess the level of collaboration between a hospital-based outpatient diabetes education program (DEP) and emergency departments (EDs) for reducing number of ED revisits and hospital admissions by implementing intervention strategies to promote education services and streamlining referral and appointment intake processes.Patients (≥18 years of age) with an ED visit for hyper- or hypoglycemia were analyzed in 2 cohorts based on their intervention exposure. We conducted a single-cohort analysis of the exposed cohort (exposure to the intervention strategies) and compared 2-year outcomes with those of the unexposed cohort. Primary outcomes were hyper- or hypoglycemia-related ED revisit and hospitalization rates. Process outcomes included DEP referrals and DEP attendance.There were no significant differences in ED revisits and hospital admissions between the exposed and unexposed cohorts. However, patients were more likely to be referred to a DEP by ED physicians (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; p=0.02) and to attend a DEP appointment (OR, 1.96; p0.01) after intervention exposure. DEP attendees from both cohorts became less likely to revisit an ED (exposed: OR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.71; unexposed: OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.15) at 12-month follow up; however, this reduction was sustained only among the exposed cohort (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.81) and not the unexposed cohort (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.60 to 2.91) at 24 months (p=0.04 when comparing the 2 cohorts).Collaboration between outpatient DEPs with local EDs could effectively reduce diabetes-related ED revisits by increasing diabetes program utilization.

The codes used to analyze the tumor cellularstates and ecosystems in CRCin the manuscript "Deep immunophenotyping reveals clinically distinct cellularstates and ecosystemsin large-scale colorectal cancer"are uploaded.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the physiology and development of cancers. The increase of multidimensional molecular profiles of tumor patients generated by high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled computational analysis of miRNA regulatory networks in cancer. In this chapter, we first summarized currently widely used computational methods for identifying miRNA-gene interactions. In addition, crosstalk among miRNAs and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) represent novel layers of gene regulation mediated by miRNAs, which also play important roles in cancer. We next reviewed computational methods for modeling miRNA-miRNA crosstalk and ceRNA-ceRNA interactions in cancer. These methods integrate multi-omics data and range from genomics to phenomics. MiRNA-miRNA networks are generally constructed based on genomic sequences, transcriptomes, miRNA-gene regulation, and functional pathways. Moreover, five types of computational methods for identifying ceRNA-ceRNA interactions are summarized in this chapter. Among these methods, two types of global ceRNA regulation and three types of context-specific methods are included. The application of these computational methods focused on miRNA regulation in cancer provides valuable functional insights into the underlying mechanism of cancer, as well as future precision medicine.

Dengue is the most common human arboviral disease worldwide, which can result in severe complications. A dysfunctional immune response in dengue infective patients is a recurrent theme impacting symptoms and mortality, but the heterogeneity and dynamics of immune infiltrates during dengue infection remain poorly characterized. Here, we identified the immune cell types in scRNA-seq data from 13127 cells of 10 dengue infective patients and discovered the dynamic immune ecosystems of dengue infection. Notably, genes that exhibited higher expression in specific cell types play important roles in response to virus infection in a module manner. Transcription factors (TFs) are the major regulators (i.e., PAX5, IRF7, KLF4, and IRF8) that can potentially regulate infection-related genes. We demonstrated that the dynamic rewired regulatory network during dengue infection. Moreover, our data revealed the complex cell–cell communications from control to fever and severe dengue patients and prevalent cell–cell communication rewiring was observed. We further identified the IFN-II and CXCL signaling pathways that medicated the communications and play important roles in dengue infection. Together, our comprehensive analysis of dynamic immune ecosystem of dengue infection provided novel insights for understanding the pathogenesis of and developing effective therapeutic strategies for dengue infection.

For the immense requirement on agriculture and animal husbandry, application of pesticides and veterinary drugs had become a normal state in the farming and ranching areas. However, to intently pursue the yields, large quantities of residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs have caused serious harm to both the environment and the food industry. To control and solve such an issue, a variety of novel techniques were developed in recent years. In this review, the development and features about point-of-care-testing (POCT) detection on the residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, such as, electrochemistry (EC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nano-techniques, were systematically introduced. For each topic, we first interpreted the strategies and detailed account of such technical contributions on detection and assessment of the residues. Finally, the advantages and perspectives about mentioned techniques for ultrasensitive assessment and sensing on pesticides and veterinary drugs were summarized.

Antibiotics, which can be used as veterinary drugs, are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases for animals. However, overuse of antibiotics had caused serious problems on food contamination and human harm. For control such public issues, several of techniques have been in recent years. Ratiometric fluorescent (RF) technique, as one of the most promising strategies for quantitatively evaluated analytes, had been extensively developed for the readily measurements on the two different fluorescent emission intensities. In this review, the construction strategies for recent RF sensors will be mainly focused on. Meanwhile, the recent advances and new tendencies for detection of antibiotics based on RF technique shall be introduced. Finally, outlooks on the opportunities and challenges for quantitative fluorescence sensing on antibiotics will be summarized.

Large-scale cancer genome sequencing has enabled the catalogs of somatic mutations; however, the mutational impact on intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) has not been systematically investigated to date. Here, we comprehensively characterized the mutational landscapes of IDRs and found that IDRs have higher mutation frequencies across diverse cancers. We thus developed a computational method, ROI-Driver, to identify putative driver genes enriching IDR and domain hotspots in cancer. Numerous well-known cancer-related oncogenes or tumor suppressors that play important roles in cancer signaling regulation, development and immune response were identified at a higher resolution. In particular, the incorporation of IDR structures helps in the identification of novel potential driver genes that play central roles in human protein-protein interaction networks. Interestingly, we found that the putative driver genes with IDR hotspots were significantly enriched with predicted phase separation propensities, suggesting that IDR mutations disrupt phase separation in key cellular pathways. We also identified an appreciable number of clinically relevant genes enriching IDR mutational hotspots that exhibited differential expression patterns and are associated with cancer patient survival. In summary, combinations of mutational effects on IDRs significantly increase the sensitivity of driver detection and are likely to open new therapeutic avenues for various cancers.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in human development and cancer progression. However, our knowledge regarding the dynamic expression of m6A regulators during human tissue development is still lacking. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the dynamic expression alterations of m6A regulators during seven tissue development and eight cancer types. We found that m6A regulators globally exhibited decreased expression during development. In addition, IGF2BP1/2/3 (insulinlike growth factor 2 MRNA-binding protein 1/2/3) exhibited reverse expression pattern in cancer progression, suggesting an oncofetal reprogramming in cancer. The expressions of IGF2BP1/2/3 were regulated by genome alterations, particularly copy number amplification in cancer. Clinical association analysis revealed that higher expressions of IGF2BP1/2/3 were associated with worse survival of cancer patients. Finally, we found that genes significantly correlated with IGF2BP1/2/3 were significantly enriched in cancer hallmark-related pathways. In summary, dynamic expression analysis will guide both mechanistic and therapeutic roles of m6A regulators during tissue development and cancer progression.

In this study, a fluorine-fluorine interaction approach through fluoridating boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) for sensing perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in multiple food matrices was developed. Through a facile hydrothermal fluorination modification, the BNNs were transferred into homogeneous fluorinated boron nitride nanoparticles (F-BNNs) with robust networks and specific surface area. After morphological modification, the particles displayed strong adsorption and sensing capabilities on PFAAs in both solid and liquid food matrix. Under the evaluation of mass spectrometry, F-BNNs based microextraction approach exhibited low method detection limits (MDLs) in the ranges of 0.9–3.9 pg mL−1 and 3.6–15.8 pg g−1 for milk and meat matrices, respectively, with satisfactory repeatability (RSD%

Photosensitized oxygenation has been recognised as a modern method of incorporating oxygen into a substrate, as it offers environmentally benign alternatives to several conventional synthetic procedures. A metal-free aerobic selective sulfoxidation photosensitized by a perylene diimide photocatalyst has been developed. The reaction utilizes visible light as the driving force and molecular oxygen as the oxidant. The advantages of the developed method include high efficiency and selectivity, extremely simple operation and work-up procedure, mild reaction conditions, and practical application in late-stage functionalization.

Interaction between dye (ECAB), nonionic surfactant (TX-100) micelle in aqueous solution and TX-100 hemimicelie at solid (SiO2)/liquid interface has been investigated quantitatively. There are linear relationships between concentrations of free ECAB(Ca), ECAB bound with TX-100 micelles in solution(Cm) and ECAB bound with TX-100 hemimicelles at interface of solid/liquid(Chm). The slopes of the three straight lines are 0.32 for Chm∼Ca -1.32 for Cm∼Ca and -1.00 for (Cm+Chm∼Ca respectively. The linear relationships can be described by three linear equations as follows: Chm=0.32 (Ca−O.88×10−5),Cm.=4.0×10−5-l.33 Ca and Chm+Cm=3.742×l0−5-Ca,. It is inferred that the interaction between ECAB, TX-100 micelles and TX-100 hemimicelles is essentially partition of ECAB molecules in solution, TX-100 micelles and hemimicelles. The concentration of ECAB bound with TX-100 micelles well as electronic repulsion. Additionally, A quantitative method to determine adsorbance of surfactant TX-100 on silica gel by spectr...

Ribbons of silver nanoparticles have been synthesized in lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals formed from a nonionic surfactant, C12E4 (tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether), and aqueous silver ion solution by the reduction of the silver ions using the surfactant itself as reductant. The effects of temperature, composition, and ageing are studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the obtained ribbons either at 50°C or at room temperature mainly consist of roughly close-packed silver nanoparticles about 2–3 nm and a few larger silver nanoparticles distributed in or attached on the ribbons. The nanoparticles constituting the ribbons are revealed to have a crystal order corresponding to metallic silver. These ribbons, which are up to several hundred nanometers wide and several micrometers long, can withstand repeated sonication in ethanol and can readily twist and fold into three-dimensional spatial configurations. On decreasing C12E4 concentration, i.e. on increasing water layer thickness, the sizes of the smaller particles that form the ribbons remain essentially unchanged whereas the proportion and/or sizes of the larger particles are increased. The proportion of the larger particles also increases with ageing.

The photochemical reaction of diphenyl ketone and isopropanol was investigated in homogeneous solution, anionic AOT–water–isopropanol and cationic CTAB–hexanol–water–isopropanol lamellar liquid crystals (LLC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR spectra identified that same product, benzopinacol, was obtained from these different systems. However, the shape and size of particles are different: granular for homogeneous solution, irregular flakelike for CTAB LLC and thin, needlelike for AOT LLC systems. The average diameter (D) of the particles formed in three systems followed the sequence: D(solution)>D(CTAB LLC)>D(AOT LLC). The growth rate of particles was enhanced by increasing the incident light intensity, while the largest average diameter increased with decreasing light intensity. Comparing the average diameters of the particles formed in AOT LLC under different intensity of incident light, D(weak light)>D(moderate light)>D(strong light) was obtained.

The effects of added inorganic salts (NaCl and NaBr), alcohols (C2H5OH and n-C4H9OH) and urea on the adsorption of alkylpyridinium halides from aqueous solution on silica gel have been investigated at 25 °C. The results show that all the adsorption isotherms exhibit two plateaux either with or without various additives. In the first plateau the surface-active cations are adsorbed as individual ions on the negatively charged silica gel surface through both electrostatic attraction and specific adsorption. Then, at a particular concentration known as the hemimicelle concentration (h.m.c.), the adsorption increases dramatically as hemimicelles form on the adsorbent through association between hydrocarbon chains of the adsorbed molecules. As the concentration increases further, the adsorption reaches the second plateau somewhere above the c.m.c. of the surfactant. Based on the assumption that each adsorbed surface-active cation in the first plateau is an active centre for surface aggregation, the minimum average aggregation number of hemimicelle, nhm, is equal to the ratio between the adsorption amounts of two plateaux, Γ∞2nd and Γ∞1st, or, more generally, between Γcmc and Γhmc, the values of adsorption at the c.m.c. and h.m.c. respectively. The results show that the nhm for alkylpyridinium halides in various media studied in this work is mostly in the range 6–18. The addition of inorganic salts and alcohols will increase and decrease the value of nhm, respectively. The approach for determination of the number of surfactant ions in a hemimicelle from the adsorption isotherms proposed by Chander et al. [S. Chander, D. W. Fuerstenau and D. Stigter, in Adsorption From Solution, ed. R. H. Ottewill, C. H. Rochester and A. L. Smith (Academic Press, London, 1983), p. 197] has been questioned.