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Yueyan Li, Jialei Zhu, Jing Tang Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Tang, Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shenyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 21 33180593, Email 1817@fckyy.org.cnBackground: Traditional medicine is a common treatment option for endometrioid-related symptoms. In the past few decades, Guixiong Xiaoyi formula has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.Purpose: This study aimed to prepare compound Angelica Ligusticum wallichii granule (CALG) by modern technological methods and to study its pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of treating endometriosis.Methods: The ingredients of CALG were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Target prediction of compounds and diseases was performed using databases, and the mechanisms of CALG were predicted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and verified by molecular docking. Furthermore, a rat model of endometriosis was established to study the effects of CALG on endometriosis in vivo.Results: CALG with good specificity, durability, and stability was obtained following a detailed preparation process and quality control standard. Using network systems pharmacology, 109 chemical compositions and 104 core targets were identified for the treatment of endometriosis. The composition-target-channel-disease network topology analysis of the top 15 chemical compositions of CALG showed that the beneficial effect of CALG on endometriosis was attributed to phenolic compounds. In addition, CALG treatment reduced the volume of ectopic uterine lesions, promoted apoptosis, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and increased HIF-1 expression in rats with endometriosis.Conclusion: CALG induces apoptosis and inhibits inflammation and is a promising drug for the treatment of endometriosis.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: endometriosis, Angelica Ligusticum wallichii granule, network systems pharmacology, molecular docking, traditional Chinese medicine

Shear Alfvén wave (SAW)/drift Alfvén wave (DAW) fluctuations can be destabilized by energetic particles (EPs) as well as thermal plasma components, which play a key role in the EP energy and momentum transport processes in burning fusion plasmas. The drift Alfvén energetic particle stability (`DAEPS`) code, which is an eigenvalue code using the finite element method (FEM), was developed to analyze Alfvén instabilities excited by EPs. The model equations, consisting of quasi-neutrality condition and Schrödinger-like form of vorticity equation, are derived within the general fishbone-like dispersion relation (GFLDR) theoretical framework, which is widely used to analyze SAW/DAW physics. The mode structure decomposition (MSD) approach and asymptotic matching between the inertial/singular layer and ideal regions are adopted. Therefore, the `DAEPS` code can provide not only frequency and growth/damping rate, but also the parallel mode structure as well as the asymptotic behavior corresponding to the singular layer contribution. Thus, it fully describes fluid and kinetic continuous spectra as well as unstable and damped modes. The model equations have been extended to include general axisymmetric geometry, and to solve for the response of circulating and trapped particles by means of the action angle approach. In this work, we discuss linear dispersion relation and parallel mode structure of drift Alfvén instabilities excited by EPs, computed by the `DAEPS` code with realistic experimental plasma profile and magnetic configuration. Based on this information, we adopt the Dyson-Schrödinger Model (DSM) to further analyze EP energy and momentum flux. We will also briefly discuss how the parallel mode structure of the drift Alfvén instabilities can be used in the DSM to calculate the nonlinear radial envelope evolution and the EP transport.

Yueyan Li,1 Chen Zhang,2 Xuan Huang,1 Jing Tang1 1Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Tang, Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 33180593, Fax +86 21 33180593, Email 1817@fckyy.org.cnPurpose: Antimicrobial agents are frequently prescribed during pregnancy. This study aims to explore the association between antimicrobial exposure and pregnancy outcomes.Patients and Methods: A multi-center retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients (n=370) was conducted in 22 tertiary hospitals in China. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and admission of neonate to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were considered as outcomes. The effect of antimicrobial exposure on pregnancy outcomes was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results: Use of first-generation cephalosporins during pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.64 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.43– 9.24], P =  0.007) and admission of neonate to the NICU (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.37– 8.53, P=0.009) compared with use of third-generation cephalosporins, after adjusting for gestational age of exposure to antimicrobial agents, cesarean section, and antimicrobial dose. Similarly, a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR: 14.76, 95% CI: 4.43– 49.11) and neonatal NICU admission (OR: 11.74, 95% CI: 3.59– 38.35) were observed among women with first-generation cephalosporins use compared with mothers with no antimicrobial use.Conclusion: Both first- and third-generation cephalosporins use was associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. In addition, first-generation cephalosporins were associated with an increased risk of those pregnant and neonatal outcomes, when compared with third-generation cephalosporins. We should require to determine the indications and contraindications for use of cephalosporins during pregnancy.Keywords: maternal infections, antimicrobial agents, adverse pregnancy outcomes, NICU, cephalosporin

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of surface texture with roughness orientation considered on tribological properties under a mixed lubrication state numerically and experimentally. Design/methodology/approach Based on the average Reynolds equation and asperity contact model, the impacts of surface texture parameters and roughness orientation on lubrication properties have been calculated using finite difference method. Tin–bronze samples with various prescribed surface texture geometric parameters and roughness orientation were fabricated by laser surface texturing technique, and the tribology performance of the textured surface was studied experimentally. Findings The effects of surface geometric parameters and roughness orientation parameters have been discerned. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the numerical prediction, which suggests that the numerical scheme adopted in this work is suitable in capturing the surface texture and roughness effect under mixed lubrication state. Originality/value By meticulously controlling the surface roughness and surface texture geometric characteristics based on the laser surface texturing process, samples with prescribed surface texture parameters and roughness orientation consistent with that in theoretical studies were fabricated and the theoretical model and results were verified experimentally.

Recent experiment has uncovered semimetal bismuth (Bi) as an excellent electrical contact to monolayer MoS$_2$ with ultralow contact resistance. The contact physics of the broader semimetal/monolayer-semiconductor family beyond Bi/MoS$_2$, however, remains largely unexplored thus far. Here we perform a comprehensive first-principle density functional theory investigation on the electrical contact properties between six archetypal two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors, i.e. MoS$_2$, WS$_2$, MoSe$_2$, WSe$_2$, MoTe$_2$ and WTe$_2$, and two representative types of semimetals, Bi and antimony (Sb). As Bi and Sb work functions energetically aligns well with the TMDC conduction band edge, Ohmic or nearly-Ohmic $n$-type contacts are prevalent. The interlayer distance of semimetal/TMDC contacts are significantly larger than that of the metal/TMDC counterparts, which results in only weak metalization of TMDC upon contact formation. Intriguingly, such weak metalization generates semimetal-induced gap states (MIGS) that extends below the conduction band minimum, thus offering an effective mechanism to reduce or eliminate the $n$-type Schottky barrier height (SBH) while still preserving the electronic structures of 2D TMDC. A modified Schottky-Mott rule that takes into account SMIGS, interface dipole potential, and Fermi level shifting is proposed, which provides an improved agreement with the DFT-simulated SBH. We further show that the tunneling-specific resistivity of Sb/TMDC contacts are generally lower than the Bi counterparts, thus indicating a better charge injection efficiency can be achieved through Sb contacts. Our findings reveal the promising potential of Bi and Sb as excellent companion electrode materials for advancing 2D semiconductor device technology., 12 pages, 7 figures

Background: Thus far, no large-scale clinical study on pregnancy with cancer has been conducted in China. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers, and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management in pregnancy-associated cancer.Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals during 2003–2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and chi-square tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment.Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination ([RR]: 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants ([OR]: 12.02, 95% CI: 1.82–79.43). Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.42–2.46, P < 0.05). Thyroid (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections. Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR: 5.21, 95% CI: 1.21–22.55).Conclusions: Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer have declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the different impacts on inflammatory biomarkers of ticagrelor or clopidogrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, open-label and parallel- treatment prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive a loading dose of ticagrelor 180 mg as the treatment group (N = 143) or clopidogrel 600 mg as the control group (N = 184). After PCI, the treatment group was treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily while the control group was treated with clopidogrel 75 mg once daily. The levels of inflammation were tested by sCD40 ligand (CD40L), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and P-selectin in different time points. RESULTS There were 327 patients participated in this study and no difference in baseline characteristics between groups. No difference was found between groups in baseline levels of inflammation with all assays, and no difference in assays of hsCRP and P-selection in all the time points between groups, but sCD40L decreased significantly in ticagrelor group than clopidegrel group (-2492 ± 7407.3 VS 992.21 ± 10478, P = 0.0095) in 1week after PCI. CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients undergoing PCI who are receiving anti-platelet therapy, ticagrelor is associated with more potent inflammation inhibition of sCD40L compared with clopidogrel in 1week after PCI. It may open a new path for anti-platelet therapy and large studies are needed to support this finding.

To identify small molecules blocking La-RNA interactions by using structural dynamics, molecular biology, and in vivo efficacy experiments.A docking virtual assay on the Chemdiv database was used to screen La binders, and their affinity were measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). A novel fluorescence polarization (FP) assay referring to the binding of La protein and 3'UUUOH was established to identify the inhibitors. Their activity on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Their in vivo efficacy against ovarian cancer growth were evaluated in a cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model of A2780 cells.From a total of 20 compounds with high potential binding activity with La protein, two small molecule compounds 4424-1120 and 8017-5932 with relatively stronger inhibition ability on La-RNA interactions were identified. These two compounds shared the same active centers with hydroxyimidazole and hydroxybenzene to interact with La protein through residues ARG57, GLN20 and GLN136. The in vitro assays showed that 4424-1120 and 8017-5932 effectively cause G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell proliferation, reduce cell invasion and promote apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. In a CDX model on BALB/C Nude mice, we found that the growth rate of the tumor was inhibited by 4424-1120.Our results demonstrated compound 4424-1120 shows good antitumor activity and safety in vitro and in vivo, and it provides a new idea for the discovery of antitumor lead compounds from small drug-like molecules.

Research on the mechanism and new targets of ovarian cancer is of great significance to reduce the high mortality and drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Human La protein has been found to be highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and plays a role in tumorigenesis and development through its RNA-binding function. However, its role and mechanism in ovarian cancer are not completely clear. The present study showed that La protein was highly expressed in serum and tissues of patients with ovarian cancer by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and the high expression of La protein was associated with the increased degree of malignancy and poor prognosis by searching the KM plotter database. Interference of the La gene resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells with growth block in the G1 phase and increasing apoptosis. By RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation, transcriptome sequencing, and proteomics, 14 downstream target genes were screened. The La protein might affect the protein expression of these 14 genes by binding with the mRNAs. Therefore, it played a role in the pathological process of ovarian cancer.

To compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric urolithiasis patients with positive and negative molecular diagnoses.The clinical characteristics corresponding to pediatric urolithiasis patients that had undergone exome sequencing at our hospital between January 2016 and May 2021 were collected. Genetic analysis results were used to separate patients into positive and negative molecular diagnosis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for visiting age, sex, ethnicity, province, and body mass index were used to compare differences in medical history, diagnostic imaging findings, and renal function between individuals with and without molecular diagnoses.In total, 194 patients with pediatric urolithiasis of unknown etiology underwent exome sequencing and were included in the present study, of whom 63 obtained urolithiasis-related molecular diagnoses. Relative to cases without a molecular diagnosis, those with a positive molecular diagnosis were more likely to be associated with a positive family history (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.29-6.29, p = 0.008), consanguineous parents (OR 24.7, 95% CI 1.34-454, p = 0.002), early onset (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.45, p 0.001), nephrocalcinosis (OR 10.6, 95% CI 3.06-36.6, p 0.001), cast stone (OR 18.9, 95% CI 4.40-81.1, p 0.001), multiple stones (OR 13.9, 95% CI 6.39-30.2, p 0.001), bilateral stones (OR 7.04, 95% CI 3.47-14.2, p 0.001), a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28, p 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 26.9, 95% CI 1.42-526, p 0.001).A positive family history, consanguineous parents, early onset, nephrocalcinosis, severe stone burden, and impaired renal function are signals of concern that are suggestive of inherited urolithiasis.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a severe inherited disorder that results in recurrent urolithiasis and renal failure. We generated an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase ( Agxt) Q84X nonsense mutant rat model that displayed an early onset of hyperoxaluria, spontaneous renal CaOx precipitation, bladder stone, and kidney injuries. Our results suggest an interaction of renal CaOx crystals with the activation of inflammation-, fibrosis-, and necroptosis-related pathways. In all, the AgxtQ84X rat strain has broad applicability in mechanistic studies and the development of innovative therapeutics.

In the era of big data, data redundancy has become an obstacle to deep reading. The objective of linked data as a new data organization model is to transform data into structured data following unified standards. The lack of Chinese conceptual terms has seriously hindered the semantization and standardization of Chinese domain ontology. Taking Chinese historical events as an example, ontology technology is used in this paper to standardize the definition of concepts and semantic relations in domain knowledge. Moreover, concepts from text resources are extracted through a deep learning algorithm Bi-LSTM-CRFs and combined with an external knowledge base to realize the fusion of related data within various data sets. Ultimately, the knowledge ontology of historical events is displayed in the way of a knowledge graph to further explore the practical application. The results show that the accuracy of the terms extraction of historical events is about 80% indicating the good recognition performance and portability of the model.

Background Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic disorder caused by endogenous overproduction of hepatic oxalate, leading to hyperoxaluria, recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones, and end‐stage renal disease. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an ideal target for diminishing oxalate production as it is responsible for glyoxylate to oxalate conversion in the liver, the last step of oxalate metabolism. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to ameliorate PH1 via specifically disrupting the hepatic LDH. Methods Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were used to assess the efficacy of cleavage of single‐guide RNAs in vitro. PH1 neonatal rats were injected with a single administration of adeno‐associated virus to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system that targeted LDH. Three weeks after injection, a liver biopsy was performed to detect LDH expression, liver injury, and liver metabolomics. Urinary oxalate was regularly monitored, and renal calcium oxalate deposition was evaluated after 4 weeks of 0.5% ethylene glycol challenge. After 6 months of treatment, animals were euthanized, and ex‐liver organs were harvested for toxicity analysis. Results The Ldha gene was specifically knocked out in 20% of the liver cells of PH1 rats in the treatment group, leading to a 50% lower LDH expression than that in the control group. Compared to the control groups, urinary oxalate levels were significantly decreased, and renal calcium oxalate precipitation was largely mitigated in the treatment group throughout the entire 6‐month study period. While no CRISPR/Cas9‐associated off‐target edits or hepatotoxicity were detected, we observed mild metabolic changes in the liver tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and glycolysis pathways. Conclusions CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated LDH disruption may represent an applicable new strategy for alleviating PH1 for its long‐lasting effect and low editorial efficiency requirements., CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides novel approaches for inherited monogenic diseases by targeting non‐essential enzymes. Using a rat model, we demonstrate that the AAV‐delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system is an effective and safe platform for knocking down lactate dehydrogenase and alleviating the life‐threatening primary hyperoxaluria type 1.

A 3-year-old boy presented to our pediatric urology with a history of urine flow under the scrotum when voiding in a squatting position but not when standing. And the ventral side of the front penis became enlarged during urination and dribbled afterward. Physical examination revealed the boy had 2 urethras opening at the tip of glans, and another accessory urethra opening at perineum. Rigid cystoscopy and voiding cystourethrography confirmed it to be a urethral triplication malformation. This condition, the combination of urethral diverticulum and urethral triplication, consisting of urethro-perineum fistula, has not been previously reported.

Purpose Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most frequent cause of congenital hydronephrosis in child. To better investigate the molecular mechanisms of this pathological process, the stenotic ureter proteome of UPJO in infants is compared with their own normal pre-stenotic segments. Experimental design Data independent acquisition-based proteomics are performed to compare proteome between pre-stenotic and stenotic ureter from nine UPJO infants. Gene ontology analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and network interaction are performed to characterize biological functions of significantly altered proteins. Selected significantly altered proteins are validated by western blot on another three UPJO infants. Results 15 proteins are up-regulated and 33 proteins are down-regulated during stenotic pathology. Significantly altered proteins are involved in decreased extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton organization, increased regulation of oxidative activity, and altered inflammatory associated exocytosis. Significant expression of biglycan, fibulin-1, myosin-10, cytochrome b5 are validated providing possible mechanism in UPJO which could be associated impaired smooth muscle cell, epithelial integrity, and increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides molecular evidence of dysregulated extracellular matrix organization, impaired smooth muscle cell, and oxidative stress during UPJO pathology, indicating that biglycan, fibulin-1, myosin-10, cytochrome b5 might reflect the pathology of UPJO.

The linear wave properties of the low-frequency Alfvén modes (LFAMs) observed in the DIII-D tokamak experiments with reversed magnetic shear (Heidbrink et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 016029) are theoretically studied and delineated based on the general fishbone-like dispersion relation. By adopting representative experimental equilibrium parameters, it is found that, in the absence of energetic ions, the LFAM is a reactive-type kinetic ballooning mode instability with a dominant Alfvénic polarization. More specifically, due to diamagnetic and trapped particle effects, the LFAM can be coupled with the beta-induced Alfvén-acoustic mode in the low-frequency region (frequency much less than the thermal-ion transit and/or bounce frequency) or with the beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode in the high-frequency region (frequency higher than or comparable to the thermal-ion transit frequency), resulting in reactive-type instabilities. Moreover, the ‘Christmas light’ and ‘mountain peak’ spectral patterns of LFAMs as well as the dependence of instability drive on the electron temperature observed in the experiments can be theoretically interpreted by varying the relevant physical parameters. Conditions for when dissipative-type instabilities may set in are also discussed.

Reliable pavement surface temperature prediction models are important for decision making in winter road maintenance. Due to the complexity of thermal environment in winter, there is inevitably uncertainty in pavement temperature. Therefore, the prediction results of pavement surface temperature should not be a single value, but a probability distribution. This paper developed a prediction model for evaluating the probability distribution of pavement surface temperature in winter. The model consisted of two modules, namely, a Bayesian Structural Time Series module (BSTS) and a Bayesian Neural Network module (BNN). The BSTS module provided a relatively rough prediction of pavement surface temperature, while the BNN module provided refined prediction based on the results from the BSTS module. The model was validated with data collected from the field test. The impact of model structure, model parameters, and probability threshold on the predictions was analyzed. Results show that most measured pavement temperatures fell into the 95% confidence interval of the predicted values, indicating the prediction was reliable. For the BSTS module, the regression component plays the most important role in the prediction. The seasonal component also has obvious influence on the prediction results. While the influence of local linear trend component on the prediction result is not obvious. For the BNN module, although the slippery index and pavement surface condition do not directly contribute to the heat transfer process, these two factors have correlation with the pavement surface temperature. The value of probability threshold should be properly determined to balance the reliability and computational cost of the prediction model. The model presented in this paper is useful for transportation agencies in winter road maintenance

Theoretical and numerical studies of the two-dimensional (2D) global stability and mode structures of high-n beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes excited by magnetically trapped energetic electrons in tokamaks are carried out by employing the WKB-ballooning mode representation along with the generalized fishbone-like dispersion relation. Depending on parameter regimes, it is found that (i) the mode growth rate has a maximum with increasing energetic electron density at the ground radial eigenstate; (ii) the ground and excited radial eigenstates can be unstable simultaneously, and the most unstable mode is related not only to the pressure gradient of energetic electrons, but also to the width of the mode itself; (iii) the corresponding 2D mode structures are twisted due to the anti-Hermitian contribution from wave-energetic electron interaction and show opposite deformation directions compared with that in the presence of energetic ions; and (iv) the mode structures, especially, the mode width and its radial asymmetry, can be affected by radial eigen-mode number, energetic electron density, and magnetic shear. Finally, the radial symmetry breaking of the localized e-BAE mode structure with respect to parallel wave-number has a potential impact on toroidal momentum transport.

COVID-19, which broke out in 2019 in China, is caused by SARS-CoV-2. According to the latest WHO real-time statistics, as of 1:19 p.m. BST on April 22, there were 142557268 cumulative new confirmed cases of coronavirus pneumonia and 3033798 cumulative deaths worldwide. Therefore, it is significant to understand the structure and the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, which is helpful to understand the diagnosis and treatment of sars-cov-2. We primarily investigate related sources on Pubmed and related scholar websites. We found some antiviral drugs such as lopinavir, chloroquine, and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and arbidol have great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. However, some of them have a serious adverse reaction, reminding us to use them with caution.

Under the trend of complex building functions, the paper tries to explore the idea and method of design for gymnasium. Taking the handball hall design of Huyi Campus of Xi’an Institute of Physical Education as an example, the paper puts forward specific design strategies in terms of function allocation, operation mode and image positioning. The purpose is to reveal the inspiration of the design concept of “compound function” for the design and development of gymnasium building.

Online matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is reported with in situ matrix/analyte aerosol mixing. The analyte and matrix were dissolved in separate solvents and pneumatically atomized into particles. Continuous flows of analyte particles and matrix droplets in nitrogen were mixed in a tee. The resulting particles were sampled using a nozzle, focused into a beam with an aerodynamic lens system, and vertically deposited continuously on a movable target. The matrix/analyte mixture was desorbed/ionized using a 266 nanometers pulsed laser at an incident angle of 45 degrees. The nascent ions were analyzed using reflectron TOF MS. The performance of online MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated by the analysis of palmityl palmitate with the lithium salt of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix. Strong and stable MALDI signals of palmityl palmitate were obtained. The matrix solvent mixture and the analyte concentration were optimized and the results demonstrate the development of an alternative for online MALDI analysis.

Over 60% of herbicides are capable of disrupting the endocrine and/or reproductive systems of animals. These herbicides may be released into the atmosphere in both gas and particulate phases, but most of their degradation processes in the atmosphere are not well known. In this study, the heterogeneous reactions of suspended isopropalin, trifluralin, and alachlor particles with NO3 radicals were investigated using an online vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reaction products for the three herbicides were determined by the assistance of the gas chromatography–mass spectrometer analysis. Mono-dealkylated derivatives were detected as the main reaction products of isopropalin and trifluralin. In addition, an α-amino alcohol product was detected for isopropalin. The carbonylation derivative and the nitro-substituted derivative were the main reaction products observed for alachlor. The reaction mechanism of NO3 radical-induced N-dealkylation for isopropalin was clarified by density functional theory calculations. It began with the H-abstraction from the N-propyl group, followed by the formation of the α-peroxypropyl radical, α-propyloxy radical, and α-amino alcohol, as well as by the collapse of the α-amino alcohol. The oxidation mechanism for trifluralin is similar to that of isopropalin, whereas the mechanism for alachlor involves carbonylation and nitro-substitution. These results provided insights on the chemical transformation of these herbicides in the atmosphere. The data generated from this study can be used as fundamental information for future studies on their toxic effects to the environment.

Photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy technology has proved to be effective in detection of SF6 decomposition products. But in the real application environment, the stability of the PA spectroscopy device is strongly affected by ambient temperature. In this paper, we took CO as an example to analyze the impact mechanism of temperature and the temperature correction formula of the response factor of carbon monoxide (PA signal corresponding to unit concentration gas) was derived. The real temperature properties of SF6 and CO were studied using a non-resonant PA spectroscopy device designed by our team. The study indicates that the PA signals of SF6 and CO are inversely proportional to temperature, which coincides with the theoretical derivation. A temperature correction method was proposed based on theoretical derivation combined with experimental study and this method was tested and validated. The results show that the relative errors of calculated concentrations of CO acquired by the correction method compared to the actual concentrations are all within 10%, which meets the detection requirements of PA spectroscopy for SF6 decomposition products in gas insulated switchgear. The correction method has provided an effective way for studying the temperature correction in PA detection for SF6 decomposition products in GIS.

Under partial discharge (PD), a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) will produce SF6 decomposition products. If the concentrations of these products are higher than the standard values, this indicates that the GIS equipment is faulty. Photoacoustic spectroscopy techniques show a high sensitivity and good stability and, furthermore, they can enable on-line monitoring, making them widely used in the detection of SF6 decomposition products in GIS equipment. The basic principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy were introduced and a set of devices for the online detection of SF6 decomposition based on non-resonant photoacoustics was designed and realized. According to the infrared spectral characteristics of the target gases, the appropriate narrowband filters and infrared radiation light source were selected. This detection system is able to continuously detect CO, SO2 and CF4. Calibration experiments with different concentrations of CO, SO2 and CF4 were carried out and the results show that the photoacoustic signal and concentration have a perfect linear relationship and the detection limits for CO, SO2 and CF4 are 5.9116, 8.2824 and 5.5226 ppm. Relative errors of the single measurements of CO, SO2 and CF4 are all less than 10% and the system exhibits excellent stability in a continuous 12 hour measurement.

Fine particulate matter (PM

Adiponectin and miR-133a are key regulators in cardiac hypertrophy. However, whether APN has a potential effect on miR-133a remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether APN could regulate miR-133a expression in Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Lentiviral-mediated adiponectin treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II infusion in male wistar rats as determined by reduced cell surface area and mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also the reduced left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) and end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSd). Meanwhile, APN elevated miR-133a level which was downregulated by Ang II. To further investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with recombinant rat APN before Ang II stimulation. Pretreating cells with recombinant APN promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited ERK activation. By using the inhibitor of AMPK or a lentiviral vector expressing AMPK short hairpin RNA (shRNA) cancelled the positive effect of APN on miR-133a. The ERK inhibitor PD98059 reversed the downregulation of miR-133a induced by Ang II. These results indicated that the AMPK activation and ERK inhibition were responsible for the positive effect of APN on miR-133a. Furthermore, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mRNA expression was inhibited by Ang II stimulation. The positive effects of APN on AMPK activation and miR-133a, and the inhibitory effect on ERK phosphorylation were inhibited in NRVMs transfected with lentiviral AdipoR1shRNA. In addition, APN depressed the elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a direct target of miR-133a, through the AMPK pathway. Taken together, our data indicated that APN reversed miR-133a levels through AMPK activation, reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes stimulated with Ang II, revealing a previously undemonstrated and important link between APN and miR-133a.

The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO, Eur J Prev Cardiol 22(6):734–42, 2015) trial shows that, in patients who have an acute coronary syndrome, treatment with ticagrelor as compared with clopidogrel significantly reduced the rate of death, but the reason is still uncertain. Both inflammation and vascular endothelian cell dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaques, but whether ticagrelor has superior anti-inflammatory effect and can improve vascular endothelial cell function to a great extent is unknown. Patients with STEMI who are scheduled to undergo emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will be randomly assigned to receive a loading dose of ticagrelor 180 mg as the treatment group or clopidogrel 600 mg as the control group. After PCI, the treatment group will be treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily while the control group will be treated with clopidogrel 75 mg once daily. The vascular endothelial function will be tested by circulating endothelial cells, and levels of inflammation will be tested by CD40 ligand (CD40L), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and P-selectin. The estimated enrollment sample size will be 350 patients, including 175 in the treatment group and 175 in the control group. This study will compare the influence of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on inflammatory biomarkers and vascular endothelial function firstly for STEMI patients receiving emergency PCI and will provide evidence to identify whether ticagrelor inhibits inflammation and improves vascular endothelial cell function to a greater extent than clopidogrel or not. This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT02123004 ) on 20 April 2014.