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Unreinforced masonry (URM) infill panels are widely used as partitions in RC frames and typically considered as non-structural elements in the design process. However, observations from recent major earthquakes have shown that under seismic excitation, the structural interaction between columns and infill walls can significantly alter the structural behaviour, thus causing catastrophic consequences. The purpose of this research was to propose and test an innovative low seismic damage detailing method, which isolates the infill panel from bounding columns with finite width vertical gaps during the infill panel construction phase and deploys steel wire connections in mortar layers anchored to columns. Taking into account the similitude requirements, a total of six one-third scale, single-storey single-bay RC frames with different infill configurations and flexible connection details were carefully designed and tested on a shake-table. Three real earthquake records were selected and scaled to ascending intensity levels and used as input signals. A series of thorough investigations including dynamic characteristics, hysteretic behaviour, failure mechanisms, out-of-plane vulnerabilities and the effect of different gap filling materials and load transfer mechanisms were rigorously studied. The experimental results indicate that the undesirable interaction between infill panels and bounding frame is significantly reduced using the proposed low seismic damage detailing concept. Direct shear failure of columns at an early stage is prevented, and structural redundancy at high levels of excitation can be provided. In general, the structural stability and integrity, and displacement ductility of infilled RC frames can remarkably be improved. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

For the sake of efficient computation yet accurate nonlinear structural analysis of masonry structures, a Fourier-based incremental homogenisation strategy is developed. In the proposed strategy, the macro-micro mappings of mechanic quantities are solved by incremental variational problem in Representative Volume Elements with respect to local fluctuating displacement fields, from which generalised localisation tensors expressed in Fourier space are derived. The proposed homogenisation strategy is implemented in ABAQUS through the user-subroutine and successfully simulates the macroscopic structural behaviour of masonry structures. The computational effort is significantly reduced that the analysis time of the homogenisation approach is reduced by as much as 5 times in comparison to the simulation by the discrete approach. Thus, the proposed homogenisation model provides an effective mean of analysis and design of multi-storey masonry or infilled frame structures, where the local mechanical are deemed to be not of interest.