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The Tropical Cyclone (TC) Rainfall Climatology and Persistence Model (R-CLIPER) is a statistical parametric model for TC precipitation based on observations of North Atlantic TCs or global TCs. It boasts simple inputs and quick calculations, enabling climate-scale TC precipitation simulations, thus providing technical support for TC precipitation forecasting and risk assessments. This study focuses on TCs in the Western North Pacific region and performs localization of the R-CLIPER model. Firstly, based on precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and Fengyun satellite (FY2C/2E) precipitation data, the radial average profiles of precipitation from TCs of 6 different intensity levels (i.e., super typhoon, strong typhoon, typhoon, severe tropical storm, tropical storm, tropical depression) are extracted. Secondly, combined with the R-CLIPER model framework, a globally optimal parameterization fitting method for TC precipitation profiles is developed. Two models are constructed, including the R-CLIPER for the Western North Pacific Ocean based on TRMM data/FY data, namely TRMM-R-CLIPER-WNP (Model 1) and FY-R-CLIPER-WNP (Model 2). Finally, based on the 62 tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific from 2012 to 2013 and the 26 cyclones that affected Zhejiang from 2009 to 2021 the models are evaluated in terms of fitting error and precipitation falling area. The results are as follows. (1) The TC rainfall profiles derived from TRMM data are relatively sharp near the maximum rainfall, while those from FY2C/2E satellite data are smoother and more detailed due to its higher spatial resolution. (2) The RMSE of TRMM parameterized profiles is 0.28 mm·h-1, and that of FY2C/2E profiles is 0.51 mm·h-1. (3) Based on the ground-based station data evaluation, when the rainfall threshold is less than 3 mm·h-1, the ETS score of Model 1 is better than that of Model 2. But when the threshold is greater than 3 mm·h-1, Model 2 is better. Both models perform better when the TC is centered over the sea than over land, indicating higher accuracy of TC central rainfall intensity prediction over the ocean than over land. In conclusion, using the parameterized fitting method, the accuracy of the R-CLIPER model in simulating TC precipitation in the Northwest Pacific region can be improved by 5.5%. Additionally, it was revealed that the error in TC precipitation simulations is influenced by factors such as model data sources, model framework, and parameterization schemes.

The continuous drive for miniaturization and enhanced functionality in micro-electronic devices demands highly integrated circuit (IC) packaging. This trend leads to a dense network of micro-electronic packaging interconnections, facilitated by the reduction in traditional solder interconnection sizes. However, these advancements bring about significant challenges, including thermal expansion differences between materials used in the package and the presence of non-planar substrates. Such issues can lead to thermomechanical stresses in interconnections and warpage, resulting in serious reliability issues. In response, nanostructured compliant interconnections have emerged as a promising solution. These interconnections effectively manage thermal expansion variations and substrate non-coplanarity, mitigating the risks associated with miniaturization and high integration demands in IC packaging. This review explores the latest trends and advancements in developing nanostructured compliant interconnections for modern micro-electronics. The focus is on integrating various interconnection materials, including nanoparticles (via sintering), nanoporous materials, nanowires (NWs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This integration aims to improve the performance and mechanical reliability of interconnections under extreme thermal loading conditions. Advanced bonding techniques and their significant impacts on interconnection reliability are also discussed. Additionally, the study provides insights into future developments of nanostructured compliant interconnections, guiding researchers toward specific technical areas for future exploration.

Worldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is recognized as one of the leading malignancies diagnosed in both genders, with mortality largely attributed to metastatic dissemination. It has been identified that in GI cancer, a variety of signaling pathways and key molecules are modified, leading to the emergence of an immunotolerance phenotype. Such modifications are pivotal in the malignancy’s evasion of immune detection. Thus, a thorough analysis of the pathways and molecules contributing to GI cancer’s immunotolerance is vital for advancing our comprehension and propelling the creation of efficacious pharmacological treatments. In response to this necessity, our review illuminates a selection of groundbreaking cellular signaling pathways associated with immunotolerance in GI cancer, including the Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt, Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Transforming Growth Factor-beta/Smad, Notch, Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1, and Wingless and INT-1/beta-catenin-Interleukin 10. Additionally, we examine an array of pertinent molecules like Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase, Human Leukocyte Antigen G/E, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant, Clever-1, Interferon regulatory factor 8/Osteopontin, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, Cell division control protein 42 homolog, and caspases-1 and -12.

Abstract Background Although albuminuria has been linked to heart failure in the general population, the relationship between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between uACR and new-onset heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetics. Methods We included 9287 Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but no heart failure (HF) who were assessed with uACR between 2014 and 2016. The participants were divided into three groups based on their baseline uACR: normal (

The Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation mud shale in the Hongliugou Ⅰ section on the northwestern margin of the Altyn Tagh fault was deposited in a passive continental margin. They are shelf sediments about 60 m thick, interbedded with siliceous rocks, undergone a low temperature thermodynamic metamorphism, and had hydrocarbon generation potential. The tectonic background, provenance, weathering and sedimentary environment of the mud shale were discussed with regard to stratigraphic sections, mineralogy and geochemical analyses. The mud shale was mainly composed of silica-rich clay rock and mud-rich siliceous shale, followed by mud-silica mixed shale. They have simila-rities in Si, Mg, K, P, Sc, Y, Hf, Th Sc contents compared with the Post Archaean Australian shale (PAAS). The Ti, Mn, Fe, Ta contents and δEun, δCen, ΣREE values are higher, while the Al, Ca, Na, Nb and Zr contents are lower. The primitive sediment sources of the Binggounan mud shale were recycled sedimentary clasts, intermediate mafic and acid intrusive rocks, similar to a normal shale and arenites argillites and ensialic of continental upper crust in composition. The shale has undergone moderate chemical weathering in warm and humid conditions. The formation was divided into three sedimentary cycles from bottom to top, mainly anaerobic and anoxic, and occasionally oxidized. Hydrothermal alteration also occured in the lower section. The mud shale with a clay content of about 40% is rich in trace elements (REE) and organic matter, which was deposited in a suboxic to anoxic section on the shelf, showing a high productivity and hydrocarbon-generation potential.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent bone cancer among children and adolescents, with relatively high mortality rates. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common human mRNA modification with diverse functions in a variety of biological processes. Previous studies indicated that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), the first methyltransferase to be identified, acted as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in multiple human cancers. However, its functions and underlying mechanisms in OS progression remain unclear; therefore, we explored these processes.Methods: We used real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assays to explore METTL3 expression in OS tumor tissues and five OS cell lines to assess its clinical significance. To further examine the functional role of METTL3 during OS progression, CCK-8 analyses, transwell assays, and xenograft model studies were conducted after silencing METTL3. Additionally, underlying mechanisms were also explored using RIP-seq and RIP-qPCR approaches.Results: METTL3 was upregulated in OS tumor tissues and cell lines and was associated with a worse prognosis. Moreover, METTL3 silencing suppressed OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Also, in vivo METTL3 oncogenic functions were confirmed in the xenograft model. Comprehensive mechanistic analyses identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DANCR as a potential target of METTL3, as indicated by reduced DANCR levels after METTL3 silencing. Also, lncRNA DANCR knockdown repressed OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, both METTL3 and lncRNA DANCR silencing significantly suppressed OS growth and metastasis. Finally, we hypothesized that METTL3 regulated DANCR expression via m6A modification-mediated DANCR mRNA stability.Conclusion: METTL3 contributes to OS progression by increasing DANCR mRNA stability via m6A modification, meaning that METTL3 may be a promising therapeutic target for OS treatment.

Background: Traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy (TBI-IC), is a disease with poor prognosis and increased mortality rate.Objectives: Our study aimed to identify predictors as well as develop machine learning (ML) models to predict the risk of coagulopathy in this population.Methods: ML models were developed and validated based on two public databases named Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Candidate predictors, including demographics, family history, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory findings, injury type, therapy strategy and scoring system were included. Models were compared on area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve.Results: Of 999 patients in MIMIC-IV included in the final cohort, a total of 493 (49.35%) patients developed coagulopathy following TBI. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) selected 15 variables, including international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), sepsis related organ failure assessment (SOFA), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet (PLT), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), creatinine (CRE), congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, sodium, and blood transfusion. The external validation in eICU-CRD demonstrated that adapting boosting (Ada) model had the highest AUC of 0.924 (95% CI: 0.902–0.943). Furthermore, in the DCA curve, the Ada model and the extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model had relatively higher net benefits (ie, the correct classification of coagulopathy considering a trade-off between false- negatives and false-positives)—over other models across a range of threshold probability values.Conclusions: The ML models, as indicated by our study, can be used to predict the incidence of TBI-IC in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Background The purpose of our research was to explore potential value of lncRNA-BC050642 in osteosarcoma origination and prognosis.Methods In this study, the tissue specimens were collected from 97 osteosarcoma patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls. Besides, human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB1.19 were selected for experiments in vitro. lncRNA-BC050642 levels were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relative expression of the gene c-myc was determined via ELISA analysis. x2 test was implemented to appraise possible relationship between BC050642 level and clinicopathological features. Cell proliferation assay, plate colony formation assay, and cell apoptosis assay were adopted to analyze the influence of BC050642 on tumor development. Besides, prognostic value of BC050642 was estimated using Kaplan–Meier and cox regression analysis.Results BC050642 levels showed distinctive increases in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with controls. And c-myc expression was down-regulated in osteosarcoma. There was a negative correlation between the expressions of BC050642 and c-myc. BC050642 expression was proved to be significantly correlated with Ennking and histological type. Up-regulated BC050642 could promote cell proliferation, induce colony formation and meanwhile inhibit cell apoptosis.Conclusions BC050642 is up-regulated in osteosarcma and its over-expression promotes tumor development via down-regulating the expression of c-myc. It also may be an independent prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma.

Based on the compilation and analysis of the lithofacies and paleogeography distribution maps at present and paleoplate locations during six key geological periods of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the lithofacies and paleogeography features and their development laws were expounded. Based on our previous research results on lithofacies and paleogeography from Precambrian to Paleozoic, we systematically studied the features and evolution laws of global lithofacies and paleogeography from the Precambrian and their effects on the formation of source rocks, reservoirs, cap rocks and the distribution of oil and gas worldwide. The results show that since Precambrian, the distribution areas of uplift erosion and terrestrial clastic deposition tended to increase gradually, and increased significantly during the period of continental growth. The scale of coastal and shallow marine facies area had three distinct cycles, namely, from Precambrian to Devonian, from Carboniferous to Triassic, and from Jurassic to Neogene. Correspondingly, the development of shallow carbonate platform also showed three cycles; the lacustrine facies onshore was relatively developed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic; the sabkha was mainly developed in the Devonian, Permian and Triassic. The Cretaceous is the most important source rock layers in the world, followed by the Jurassic and Paleogene source rocks; the clastic reservoirs have more oil and gas than the carbonate reservoirs; the basins with shale caprocks have the widest distribution, the most abundant reserves of oil and gas, and the evaporite caprocks have the strongest sealing capacity, which can seal some huge oil and gas fields. Key words: global, lithofacies and paleogeography, plate tectonics, tectonic evolution, source rocks, reservoir, caprock, oil and gas distribution

BackgroundIn recent years, autologous fat grafting (AFG), also known as fat transfer or lipofilling, has been widely performed for periorbital rejuvenation and defect correction, although the evidence regarding its efficacy and safety is still lacking. Besides, with respect to the periorbital region, it is invariably the earliest appearance area of the facial aging phenomenon. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases on November 20, 2020, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, to identify all relevant articles. Then, a data extraction and standardization process was performed to assess all outcome data. Ultimately, the data were assessed using a random effects regression model with comprehensive meta-analysis software.ResultsThirty-nine studies consisting of 3 cohorts and 36 case series with a total of 4046 cases were included. Meta-analysis revealed a relatively high satisfaction rate of 90.9% (95% CI, 86.4%-94.0%). Frequent complications in 4046 patients receiving AFG were edema, chemosis, and contour irregularity, with an overall complication rate of 7.9% (95% CI, 4.8%-12.8%).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis showed that AFG for rejuvenation of eyelids and periorbital area provided a high satisfaction rate and did not result in severe complications. Therefore, AFG might be performed safely for periorbital rejuvenation and reconstruction.

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs have been proved to play essential roles in tumor development and progression. In this study, we focused on DNAJC3‐AS1 and investigated its biological function and clinical significance in osteosarcoma. We detected the expression of DNAJC3‐AS1 in 30 pairs of matched osteosarcoma and adjacent nontumorous specimens and osteosarcoma cell lines and analyzed association between DNAJC3‐AS1 levels and clinicopathological factors. We found that DNAJC3‐AS1 expression was up‐regulated in osteosarcoma. High level of DNAJC3‐AS1 was correlated with high differentiated degree (P = 0.018) and advanced Enneking stage (P = 0.016). Mechanistically, DNAJC3‐AS1 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo and reduced sensitivity of osteosarcoma to cisplatin. These effects of DNAJC3‐AS1 were reversed by down‐regulation of its sense‐cognate gene DNAJC3. Thus, DNAJC3‐AS1 promotes osteosarcoma development and progression by regulating DNAJC3 and might be a biomarker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Conventional image annotation systems can only handle those images having labels within the exist library, but cannot recognize those novel labels. In order to learn new concepts, one has to gather large amount of labeled images and train the model from scratch. More importantly, it can come with a high price to collect those labeled images. For these reasons, we put forward a zero-shot image annotation model, to reduce the demand for the images with novel labels. In this paper, we focus on the two big challenges of zero-shot image annotation: polysemous words and a strong bias in the generalized zero-shot setting. For the first problem, instead of training on large corpus datasets as previous methods, we propose to adopt Node2Vec to obtain contextualized word embeddings, which can easily produce word vectors of the polysemous words. For the second problem, we alleviate the strong bias in two ways: on one hand, we utilize a model based on graph convolutional network (GCN) to make target images involved in the training process; on the other hand, we put forward a novel semantic coherent (SC) loss to capture the semantic relations of the source and target labels. The extensive experiments on NUSWIDE, COCO, IAPR TC-12, and Corel5k datasets show the superiority of the proposed model and the annotation performance get improved by 4%-6% comparing with state-of-the-art methods.

Background/Aims: Although microRNA-301a has been reported to function as an oncogene in many human cancers, the roles of miR-301a in malignant melanoma (MM) is unclear. The present study aims to investigate the functional roles of miR-301a in MM and its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to detect the expression of miR-301a in MM tissues, and analyze its correlation with metastasis and prognosis of MM patients. In vitro, miR-301a was ectopically expressed using overexpression and knock-down strategies, and the effects of miR-301a expression on growth, apoptosis, migration, invasion and chemosensitivity of MM cells were further investigated. Furthermore, the potential and functional target gene was identified by luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, Western blot assays. Results: We showed that the expression of miR-301a was significantly upregulated in MM tissues, and upregulation of miR-301a correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of MM patients. Transfection of miR-301a/inhibitor significantly inhibited growth, colony formation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis and chemosensitivity in MM cells, while transfection of miR-301a/mimic could induce the inverse effects on phenotypes of MM cells. Luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a direct and functional target of miR-301a. It was also observed that the Akt and FAK signaling pathways were involved in miR-301/PTEN-promoting MM progression. Conclusion: Taken together, our study suggests that miR-301a may be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of human MM.

Correct lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is critical for improving surgical outcomes. As a relatively new noninvasive clinical recording system, magnetoencephalography (MEG) has rarely been applied for determining lateralization of unilateral TLE. Here we propose a framework for using resting-state brain-network features and support vector machine (SVM) for TLE lateralization based on MEG. We recruited 15 patients with left TLE, 15 patients with right TLE, and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The lateralization problem was then transferred into a series of binary classification problems, including left TLE versus healthy control, right TLE versus healthy control, and left TLE versus right TLE. Brain-network features were extracted for each participant using three network metrics (nodal degree, betweenness centrality, and nodal efficiency). A radial basis function kernel SVM (RBF-SVM) was employed as the classifier. The leave-one-subject-out cross-validation strategy was used to test the ability of this approach to overcome individual differences. The results revealed that the nodal degree performed best for left TLE versus healthy control and right TLE versus healthy control, with accuracy of 80.76% and 75.00%, respectively. Betweenness centrality performed best for left TLE versus right TLE with an accuracy of 88.10%. The proposed approach demonstrated that MEG is a good candidate for solving the lateralization problem in unilateral TLE using various brain-network features.

To compare the biological behaviors of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from adipose tissue by lipectomy and liposuction, with the purpose of providing the basis for clinical application.The proliferation and apoptosis of ADSCs were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Cell migration was measured by a wound healing assay. An ELISA assay was used to evaluate paracrine functions. SOD and MDA were tested by xanthine oxidase and thiobarbituric acid reactions, respectively. In addition, we used a CCK-8, LDH assay and flow cytometry to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of ADSCs treated with lidocaine or adrenaline.The viable ADSCs yield from liposuction was significantly lower than that from lipectomy, while the apoptosis of cells from liposuction was significantly higher than from lipectomy. The paracrine secretion of the two sources of ADSCs was highest when treated with 10-7 mol/L insulin and 10 ng/mL TGF-α, but there were no significant differences in VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 or HGF levels. The ADSCs from lipectomy migrated faster than those from liposuction, and SOD in the lipectomy group was higher than in the liposuction group, whereas MDA of the lipectomy group was lower than that of the liposuction group. The proliferation ADSCs treated with lidocaine or adrenaline was greatly decreased, while apoptosis was significantly increased, and cytotoxicity of lidocaine or adrenaline to ADSCs was dose-dependent.Compared with ADSCs from liposuction, the ADSCs from lipectomy have better biological characteristics. Lidocaine and adrenaline decreased the viability of ADSCs, and their cytotoxicity to ADSCs was dose-dependent.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by pain, inflammation, and discomfort in the synovial joints. It is critical to understand the pathological mechanisms of RA progression. MicroRNA-378 (miR-378) is highly expressed in the synovium of RA patients and positively correlated with disease severity, but its function and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, miR-378 transgenic (miR-378high) mice were used to construct the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model for exploring the role of miR-378 in RA development. miR-378high CIA mice showed accelerated RA development, as evidenced by exaggerated joint swelling and bone structural deformities. More severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the consequent angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were also activated in the synovial tissue and calcaneus, respectively, in the miR-378high group, suggesting that ER plays a significant role in miR-378-mediated RA pathogenesis. Upon in vitro RA induction, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) isolated from miR-378high mice showed a higher expression level of ER stress markers. The conditioned medium (CM) from RA-FLSs of miR-378high mice stimulated more intensive angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The ER stress-related protein Crebrf was identified as a downstream target of miR-378. Crebrf knockdown diminished the promoting effect of miR-378 on ER stress, as well as its downstream angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis activities. Tail vein injection of anti-miR-378 lentivirus in an established RA mouse model was shown to ameliorate RA progression. In conclusion, miR-378 amplified RA development by promoting ER stress and downstream angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, thus indicating that miR-378 may be a potential therapeutic target for RA treatment.

Objective: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been widely used to treat bone defects as its effectiveness in bone regeneration. Currently, distraction devices for establishing DO models are mainly developed for rats or large animals. However, a mouse DO model is in great need for in-depth mechanistic investigations using various transgenic mice. The current study reports the development of a reproducible murine DO model. Methods: A mini-titanium lengthener was designed and fabricated. The mini-lengthener was applied on the murine femur with four threaded pins using a designed clamp as the drilling and insertion guide. After transverse osteotomy using a Gigli saw, and after 5 days of latency, DO procedures started at 0.3 mm/day for 10 days, and the consolidation period was left for 28 days. The bone formation was monitored by radiography and histology. Potential effects on animal locomotion during DO were also measured by behavior tests. Results: Separated bone segments maintained good alignment during the entire DO phases. New bone formation was found as early as the end of the distraction phase. Active bone remodeling was found between the separated bone segments at late distraction and early consolidation phases. At the mature consolidation phase, bone remodeling was mainly observed in the contact cortical bone. Mice underwent DO procedure did not have significant impairment in their locomotion. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a murine femoral DO model, which may be used to study the biological processes of DO. We also developed the mini-lengthener and the guide clamp to ensure the standardization and reproducibility of the mouse DO model.The translational potential of this article: Current study reports the development of a murine femoral DO model. A well-established murine DO model will facilitate further investigations of the biological mechanisms of DO in various transgenic and normal mice.

Abstract Partial key exposure attacks present a significant threat to RSA-type cryptosystems. These attacks factorize the RSA modulus by utilizing partial knowledge of the decryption exponent, which is typically revealed by side-channel attacks, cold boot attacks, etc. In practice, the RSA implementations typically employ countermeasures to resist physical attacks, such as additive exponent blinding $$d' = d + r \varphi (N)$$ d ′ = d + r φ ( N ) with unknown random blinding factor r. Although there are a couple of partial key exposure attacks on blinding RSA, these attacks require a considerable amount of leakage and fail to work when e is up to full size. In this paper, we propose new partial key exposure attacks on RSA with additive exponent blinding, focusing on leakage scenarios where the Most Significant Bits (MSBs) or Least Significant Bits (LSBs) of $$d'$$ d ′ are revealed. For the case where e is small, we first recover partial information of p by solving the quadratic congruence equation, and then find the small roots of the integer equation to recover entire private key. Our method relaxes the attack requirements, for instance, we reduce the amount of MSBs for a successful attack from 75 to 25% when $$e \approx N^{0.25}$$ e ≈ N 0.25 and $$r\approx N^{0}$$ r ≈ N 0 . Furthermore, we propose new attacks using the unique algebraic relationship in blinding RSA, which extend the attack to the case where e is of full size.

Abstract Polyamide 6 (PA6) films with significant α relaxation process was selected as the model system. The creep behavior and rheological mechanism during deformation in the amorphous regions of semi-crystalline polymers are systematically investigated by carrying out creep experiments. Based on the quasi point defect (QPD) theory, the complete physical process of PA6 film creep behavior from elasticity to viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity was analyzed and modeled from the perspective of structural heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that the creep deformation of PA6 film is a typical thermo-mechanical coupling and nonlinear mechanics process, and potential creep mechanisms corresponds to stress-induced local shear deformation enhancement and thermal activation-induced particle flow diffusion. The elastic-plastic transition involved in the creep deformation process of semi-crystalline polymer originates from the activation of quasi-point defective sites in the amorphous region, the expansion of sheared micro-domains and irreversible fusion. The generalized fractional Kelvin (GFK) model is proposed, and the physical meaning of parameters is explained by combining the quasi point defect theory and creep delay spectrum(L(τ)). Finally, the effectiveness of the GFK model and the QPD theory in studying the deformation behavior of PA6 films was validated by comparing experimental data with theoretical results, which theoretically reveals the structural evolution of PA6 film during creep process.