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A new bifunctional photocatalyst was constructed from a modified SAPO-34 molecular sieve successfully connected with BiVO4 crystals through O bridges.

Yue-Rong Zhang,1 Hui Wang,2 Ning Zhou,2 Yao-Di Zhang,1,2 Yan Lin,1,2 Li-Yang Wu,1,2 Shi-Fang Wei,2 Yan-Yun Ma,2,3 Chun-Xia Wang3 1Department of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yue-Rong ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55 University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 102365714142Email zhang_yue_rong@163.comObjective: To explore the feasibility of treating cirrhosis using a multidisciplinary team approach (MDT) and to pinpoint the key factors influencing its implementation.Methods: The data of 307 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were studied retrospectively. Patients who received more than two treatment measures were assigned to the MDT group (n=228), and patients who received symptomatic medical drug treatment only were assigned to the traditional treatment group (n=79). The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 10 years, and the average follow-up period was 5.7 years. The results of the biochemical tests for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid, hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid, and autoantibodies to liver disease were analyzed.Results: The differences in gender and Child–Pugh grade of liver function between the two groups were not statistically significant. The MDT group had obvious advantages over the traditional treatment group in occupational composition, etiology composition, 5-year survival rate and annual hospitalization times. The leading causes of death in the MDT group, in descending order, were liver cancer, infection, mesenteric thrombosis, and non-hepatic disease, and, in the medical treatment group, they were liver failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, and liver cancer. There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the multidisciplinary treatment, etiological treatment was the most widely used treatment, accounting for 79.8%, followed by endoscopic treatment (33.3%), peritoneal drainage and ascites reinfusion (25%), splenectomy combined with devascularization (11.4%) and stem cell transplantation and liver transplantation (1.8%).Conclusion: An MDT can improve the efficacy and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and improve patient compliance. After multi-disciplinary intervention, the mortality spectrum of long-term survival patients with cirrhosis changes, and the mortality rate of liver cancer and non-liver disease increases.Keywords: liver cirrhosis, decompensated period, multidisciplinary team mode, traditional treatment, retrospective study

Treatment of acute pulpitis (AP) is beneficial for pain relief and pulp regeneration. The purinergic P2X7 receptor activation is responsible for the formation and maintenance of inflammation and pain. This study aims to determine the role of the pulp tissue P2X7 receptor to activate the mechanisms of the AP in rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups, namely, normal, normal saline (NS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups. Alterations in pain behavior were detected through head-withdrawal thresholds (HWTs), and the pathological changes in pulp tissue were studied through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of the P2X7 receptor in pulp tissue was observed through immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting. The effect of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A-740003 on HWTs was also observed. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pulp tissue of rats were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HWTs were reduced in the rats with AP. Inflammation is formed but was found more severe in the LPS group than the NS group, and the expression levels of the P2X7 receptors in the NS and LPS groups were higher than in the normal group. The periodontal ligament injection of the A-740003 dose-dependant increases the HWTs in rats with AP. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the pulp in the NS and LPS groups were increased but reversed by A-740003 injection. In rats with AP, the expression level of the P2X7 receptor and IL-6/TNF-α release was upregulated. The A-740003 can relieve pain and reduce the inflammation progression in rats with AP.

This paper presents the optimization principle and law of classic scaling fractal fractance approximation circuits (FACs). The scaling extension of FACs with negative half-order operational performance can facilitate the design of scaling fractal FACs with arbitrary-order fractional operators. This report summarizes the operational performance and mathematics describing of typical scaling fractal FACs. The scaling iteration algorithm was used to numerically calculate the impedance–admittance function of arbitrary real-order scaling fractal FACs, the features and defects of frequency-domain curves of the scaling fractal FACs were analyzed. Moreover, the methods of optimizing arbitrary-order scaling fractal FACs were analyzed theoretically, and symmetrical resistor–capacitor T-sections with certain universality were developed for FAC optimization. By comparing the approximation performances of FACs before and after optimization, the functions and indices for quantitatively analyzing the effects of circuit optimization were obtained and verified using examples. Fractance devices and active devices such as operational amplifiers can be combined to develop active fractional-order circuits and systems. Moreover, $$-\,0.2$$ -order FACs before and after optimization were selected to construct fractional-order operational circuits and to obtain the results of the fractional-order differentiation and integration of a periodic square wave. The experimental simulation results agreed with the theoretical analysis. The test results prove that the FAC optimization proposed herein is theoretically correct, and that the circuit optimization methods are universal; these methods provide valuable references for solving the problem of FAC optimization.

Background For patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis in less developed western regions in China, due to constraints of local economic conditions, the choice of treatment measures is often limited. However if patients recieved valid management and effective treatment, they were able to maintain their health and benign prognosis. Case presentation This study narrates the long-term treatment and careful follow-up of a patient with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis in a less developed western region in China, and analyzes the prognosis of the disease and countermeasures. Conclusions This would partly reflect the development of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment for cirrhosis-related complications in remote region with limited resources in the past 20 years.

Objective To explore the usefulness of highly sensitive nucleic acid detection for assisting with the accurate antiviral treatment of patients with cirrhosis that was caused by hepatitis. Methods There were 377 patients with hepatitis B with cirrhosis and 119 patients with hepatitis C with cirrhosis, either as hospitalized patients and outpatients, who were enrolled into the study. Among them, 299 were men and 197 were women between 23 and 82 years of age. All patients were examined using a domestic HBV DNA/HCV RNA test, which was negative in 162 cirrhosis with hepatitis B and 54 cirrhosis with hepatitis C patients (HBV DNA/HCV RNA Results For patients with hepatitis C with cirrhosis, after the antiviral therapy, ALT, HCV RNA, and Child–Pugh grade were significantly improved compared with before treatment. ROC analysis results showed that an ALT level of 29 IU/mL was the most sensitive cutoff value to judge a positive HBV DNA load (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.237, Youden index 0.763). Conclusion Precise detection for patients with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis is required for accurate therapy.

In the research of the flow field about a control valve in the method of CFD (Compute Fluid Dynamics), the process of 3-D molding is difficult for some reasons, the complex interior structure of valve, the requirement aimed to be different opening, etc. We obtain a method to accomplish 3-D modeling of flow field automatically and rapidly in this paper by Cavity Command, Component Configurations and Driven Dimension. It is verified that this method is valid to mesh molding and CFD experiment.

The leak tightness of control valve may be broken more easily with high flow rate, so this paper considers a control valve of mixed gas as the research object to establish a mathematical model of leakage fault on results of a study on the mechanism of leakage faults. We obtain a method of extracting fault symptom through a simulation test of fault in order to form the foundation for a system of intelligent fault diagnosis and detection (IFDD) for the control valve.

Control valves are the crucial assembly, which controls the flow of medium in fluid machines. Control valves play an important role in electricity industry, nuclear industry, and chemical engineering. The technology of fault diagnosis is applied to the fault detection and fault diagnosis of the control valve with high flow rate for the sake of economic development and safety. This paper presents results of a study on classification and mechanism of the common faults of control valves in connection with the structure of the valve applied to the circle-electricity industry. We analyzed the principles and characteristics of different diagnosis methods, discussed the mechanism of different faults of the valve. Furthermore, we investigated the diagnosis method that is suitable for different faults of the valve and the pivotal technique with which intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) can be realized successfully. In addition, the route and the plan of the study on IFD of the control valve with high flow rate is suggested to develop a system of intelligent fault diagnosis and detection (IFDD) for the control valve.

To investigate the effect of salvia miltiorhiza on the expression of TGF-β1 within periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement in rat.One hundred and ninety-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (group A, B, C and D). Group A and B were used as orthodontic tooth movement model based on afterburner time. Group A, C and B, D were injected salvia miltiorhiza and NS under the buccal mucosa of left maxillary first molar every other day. Animals in each group were sacrificed at 6 time points (day 1,3,5,7,10 and 14) after appliance placement for collection of specimens. The distance of the tooth movement was measured by stereomicroscope, periodontal tissue was investigated by H-E staining and the protein expression of TGF-β1 was examined by immunohistochemical techniques. SPSS17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.Except for the first day, the protein expression of TGF-β1 in group A was highest and there was significant up-regulation on day 3, with a peak on day 5. Compared with group B, the average optical density of TGF-β1 in group A was 0.5181±0.0037 on day 3, 0.5857±0.00235 on day 5 and 0.4363±0.0021 on day 7, both with significant differences (P0.01). Compared with group C and group D, significant differences were formed at each time point in group A (P0.05).Salvia injection may improve periodontal tissue microcirculation,thus promote the expression of TGF-β1 protein,which may be one of the mechanisms to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology of Honghuagang District, Zunyi City[(2010)11].

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) contributes to a range of pathophysiological responses in severe illness. To examine PAF metabolism in acute malaria, venous blood was drawn from 10 untreated adults with falciparum malaria, from 8 with untreated vivax malaria, and from 10 controls. Plasma lyso-PAF, produced from PAF through the enzyme acetylhydrolase (AH), was bioassayed, after acetylation to PAF, by platelet [14C]-serotonin release. AH activity was measured by hydrolysis of [3H]-acetyl-PAF. Amounts of plasma lyso-PAF were lower in falciparum (median [range] 24 [9-221] ng/ml) and vivax (35 [7-236] ng/ml) infected patients than in controls (399 [212-504] ng/ml; P0.01), and correlated significantly with serum total and HDL-cholesterol (P0.001). Plasma AH activities were similar in the control, falciparum and vivax malaria groups. These data suggest that in malaria plasma lyso-PAF values fall together with other blood lipids, but independently of changes in AH activity. This may reflect a generalised decrease in lipid and phospholipid synthesis. However, the reduction of plasma lyso-PAF concentrations in our patients was much greater than that of serum lipoproteins. This is consistent with conversion of lyso-PAF to PAF or with increased PAF-receptor interactions. These two possibilities would have pathophysiological implications.

To investigate the characteristics in the topographic distribution of the muscle spindles in human masticatory muscles.The muscle spindles of the masticatory muscles on both sides of 3 human corpses fixed in formalin for more than 1 year were observed histologically and analyzed quantitatively using an image analysis system.The mean muscle spindle density was 32.11/g in the masseter, significantly higher in the deep muscular fibers (70.76/g) with high proportion of spindle complexes than in the superficial layers of the muscle belly (P0.05). The mean spindle density in the temporalis was 5.44/g, higher in the anterior portion (7.44/g) than in the posterior portion (3.78/g, P0.01). The medial pterygoid had a mean spindle density of 4.43/g.These results indicate a heterogeneous distribution of muscle spindles in the masticatory muscles with different morphologies or in different portions of the same muscle, depending on muscle fiber type and muscular architecture.

To find out the characteristic topographic distribution of the muscle spindles in human masseter and temporal muscle, and to clarify the neurobiology roles of masticatory muscles during chew and adjusting mandibular position.The muscle spindles of masseter and temporal muscle on both sides of 5 human corpses fixed in formalin for more than 1 year were observed and quantitatively analyzed by picture analysis equipment.The muscle spindles were maldistributed and spindles were commonly clustered in some individual portions, and the muscle spindle figures were diversiform, which were predominantly composed of the spindle simple and spindle complexes. The masseter spindles of the deep portion were obviously more than that of the superficial. Spindles of temporal muscle were concentrated in the anterior approach to the coracoid.The distribution of muscle spindles in the masseter and temporal muscle is heterogeneous, spindle density in the deep portion of masseter and the anterior of temporolis muscle is greater than others. The deep of masseter and the anterior of temporal muscle play an important part in maintaining mandibular position and balance.