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4. Effects of zero-valent iron with different particle sizes on micro-aerobic denitrification system

Author

YU Ya’nan, ZHANG Xiao, YUE Xiuping, ZHAO Bowei, ZHOU Aijuan, CUI Ying, and XING Jianbo

Subjects
micro-aerobic, simultaneous partial nitrification anammox and denitrification, zero-valent iron, electron transport system activity, biological denitrification, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

A simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD) micro-aerobic system was constructed. The effects of different particle sizes of ZVI on the micro-aerobic system were investigated from the aspects of operation, microbial performance and community structure by adding 120 mg of zero-valent iron(ZVI) into the system. The results showed that the TIN removal rate of the system stabilized at 83.591% and the electron transport system activity(ETSA) was 1.48 times of the inoculated sludge under the domestication of ZVI with a partical size of 50 nm (50 nZVI), which was higher than the influence of other particle sizes of ZVI. The smaller the particle size, the more production of extracellular polymers promoted by ZVI, the more stable of the activated sludge structure. This was due to the fact that ZVI of smaller particle size was more easily adsorbed and utilized by microorganisms. The results of microbial community analysis showed that the smaller the particle size, the higher the diversity of the microbial community mediated by ZVI, and the more complex the community structure. ZVI mediation promoted the enrichment of microorganisms that were not sensitive to oxygen demand. Candidatus_Brocadia and Candidatus_Kuenenia, two kinds of AnAOB were the main bacteria detected in the samples with the highest abundance of 4.650% and 0.692% under the influence of 50 nZVI. Under nZVI, AnAOB acted together with two facultatively anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, Gemmobacter and norank_f_Comamonadaceae, which constituted the denitrification pathway of SNAD. In contrast, facultatively anaerobic denitrification was the main denitrification pathway mediated by mZVI.

Published
2024
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5. Development of the high-resolution neutron scintillator detector for the very small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer

Author

LIU Huiyin, YANG Jie, HUANG Chang, TANG Bin, ZHOU Shihui, CAI Xiaojie, WANG Xiuku, ZENG Lixin, YUE Xiuping, CHEN Shaojia, XU Hong, GUO Dawei, CHEN Xu, and SUN Zhijia

Subjects
neutron scintillator detector, silicon photomultiplier, wavelength shift fiber, position resolution, detection efficiency, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

BackgroundThe very small-angle neutron scattering (VSANS) spectrometer is currently being constructed at the China spallation neutron source (CSNS). The neutron detector plays a key role in meeting the detection requirements of the spectrometer.PurposeThis study aims to achieve accurate measurement of neutron diffraction in the small angle scattering mode which requires the position resolution of the neutron detector to be ≤2 mm, and the detection efficiency to be ≥60%@0.4 nm.MethodsA large-area position-sensitive neutron scintillator detector mainly composed of 6LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillation screen, wavelength shift fiber (WLSF), and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was designed and developed to achieve high efficiency and high-resolution real-time detection of thermal neutrons. The optical transmission performance of the 0.5-mm-diameter wavelength shift fiber was investigated in detail. The gain and the thermal noise characteristics of various SiPMs were examined. Finally, a 300 mm×300 mm engineering prototype of the detector was developed and tested by experiments. The detection efficiency was calculated with comparison of the incident neutron counts of the stander 3He tube whilst the detector's position resolution was tested using a boron-doped aluminum plate with a narrow slit bearing the label 'CSNS'.ResultsThe neutron beam test results show that the position resolution of the detector is 1.2 mm×1.2 mm and that the neutron detection efficiency is (61.8±0.2)%@0.4 nm.ConclusionsThe high-resolution neutron scintillator detector developed in this study satisfies the engineering design target, and meets the neutron scintillator detector meets the neutron diffraction measurement needs for the VSANS spectrometer of the CSNS.

Published
2024
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42. Development of readout electronics for high resolution neutron scintillator detector

Author

ZHOU Shihui, HUANG He, WAN Zhiyong, CHEN Shaojia, ZHU Zhifu, TANG Bin, HUANG Chang, WANG Xiuku, ZENG Lixin, YU Li, YANG Hao, LIU Huiyin, YUE Xiuping, ZHAO Yubin, and SUN Zhijia

Subjects
capacitive network, neutron scintillator detector, silicon photomultiplier, center-of-gravity of the induced charge distribution, field programmable gate array (fpga), Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

BackgroundThe Energy Resolved Neutron Imaging Spectrometer (ERNI) of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is in process of building, whose diffraction detector with ninety degree partition adopts 6LiF/ZnS neutron scintillator detector with a 90° partition as its detection equipment.PurposeThis study aims to develop the readout electronics for high position resolution neutron scintillator detector of ERNI.MethodsFirstly, a capacitive network combined with center-of-gravity of the induced charge distribution was adopted for the design of readout electronics. Then, a prototype of the readout electronics system consisted of three parts: capacitive network circuit, preamplifier board and digital readout board, was developed. After functional verification, the relevant performance parameters of the developed prototype were experimentally tested in the laboratory and in the No.20 beam line of CSNS.ResultsThe experimental results show that the integration nonlinearity of electronics is better than 0.95%, the time resolution is about 12 ns, the position resolution is 1mm, and the detection efficiency is 65%@1.6 Å.ConclusionsThe prototype meets the design specifications of the project. The successful development of the prototype provides a reliable technical support for the smooth development of the spectrometer experiment in ERNI of CSNS in the future.

Published
2023
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