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Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of phosphorus (P) application rate on rapeseed yield and P fertilizer use efficiency in Hubei Province during 2007 -2008. Compared to the control with zero P application, the yield of P2O5 treatments (as 37. 5, 75. 0 and 112. 5kg/hm2, respectively) increased 24. 2% 42.9% and 43. 2% ,as well as the P content increased 10. 5%, 16. 7% and 27.1%, and total P absorbed by aboveground parts increased 36. 1% , 59.1% and 78.7% , respectively. The results indicated significant promotion of P application to growth, yield and P accumulation. With the increase of P application rate, the P required for 100kg seeds was increased, while the P agronomic use efficiency (AUE) , partial factor productivity (PFP) , apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) and physiological use efficiency (PUE) of rapeseed were decreased significantly. 75.0kg/hm2 of P fertilizer was the optimum to both yield and P use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]