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The microbial abundance and communities were characterized in CWs with different plant species during winter. Better removal efficiency with high microbial abundance and diversified microbial community were found in CWs planted with

Entity attribute extraction is a challenging research topic with broad application prospects. Many researchers had proposed rule based or statistic based approaches to deal with the extraction task in a variety of application areas. Recently, deep learning had shown its capacity to model high-level abstractions in data by using multiple processing layers network with complex structures. However there has no research reported to conduct entity attribute extraction with deep learning method. In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract the entities’ attributes from unstructured text corpus that was gathered from Web. The proposed method is an unsupervised machine learning method that extracts the entity attributes utilizing deep belief network (DBN). Experiment results show that, with our method, entity attributes can be extracted accurately and manual intervention can be reduced when compared with tradition methods.

Submergence and eutrophication are increasingly common in riparian zones as a result of climate change and artificial disturbance. This study aimed to test the effects of submergence level and eutrophication degree on a worldwide invasive riparian plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which the new ramets of A. philoxeroides were treated with three submergence levels (0, 7, and 13 cm) combined with five nutrient concentrations (1000-, 100-, 50-, 10-, and 1-fold dilution of modified Hoagland solution). The results showed that submergence severely inhibited the growth of A. philoxeroides, whereas a great increase in nutrient concentration promoted its growth. Submergence and increasing nutrients both reduced biomass allocation to the roots in A. philoxeroides, which primarily increased investment into stems upon submergence or leaves when not submerged. A. philoxeroides also showed significant phenotypic plasticity, elongating its stems by increasing internode length r...

Recurrent water level fluctuation and submergence of plants are common in riparian zones. Our study objectives were to test the independent and interactive effects of submergence level and fluctuation frequency on a globally important riparian invasive plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, in which ramets of the plants, obtained from a wetland in China, were treated with four fluctuation frequencies (0, 3, 6, and 12 cycles over a 96-day experimental period) under three water levels (0, 10, and 30 cm). We found that effects of fluctuation frequency were non-significant, negative, and positive under water levels of 0, 10 and 30 cm, respectively. As fluctuation frequency increased, the effects of increasing water level decreased significantly. When water levels were high, A. philoxeroides allocated greater biomass to shoot production probably in order to elongate and escape from submergence. However, as fluctuation frequency increased, biomass investment in roots and leaves also increased, probably in order to maximize nutrient absorption and photosynthesis, respectively. These results suggest that water level fluctuation may alleviate the effects of submergence on A. philoxeroides. In addition, A. philoxeroides showed significant phenotypic plasticity, adjusting its functional traits, such as number of nodes and leaves per stem, as well as stem diameter and pith cavity diameter, according to recurrent water level fluctuation. We conclude that A. philoxeroides may perform better in shallow water zones under conditions of disturbance that include recurrent water level fluctuation. This ability to adapt to disturbance likely promotes its growth and invasion in disturbed habitats.

In order to explore the efficient utilization of plant resources from constructed wetlands, the potential anti-metastatic effects of flavonoids from Potamogeton crispus L. were investigated in human ovarian cancer cells (ES-2). Two major flavonoids, luteolin-3ʹ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and flavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from P. crispus and identified. The effects of these flavonoids on cell proliferation, cell morphology, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration and invasion were then investigated. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays and western blotting analysis were conducted to examine the expression level of mRNA and protein. Results indicated that Luteolin-3ʹ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibited ES-2 cell migration and invasion and suppressed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, and Flavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside had no significant inhibitory effects on ES-2 cells. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential anti-metastatic properties of a P. crispus flavonoid, and provided a scientific approach for the screening of promising natural resources from constructed wetlands to identify useful products for use in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.