Search

Aberrant sugar metabolism is linked to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Previously, we found that high glucose induces genome instability and de novo oncogenic KRAS mutation preferentially in pancreatic cells through dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation. Increasing O-GlcNAcylation by extrinsically supplying N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) causes genome instability in all kinds of cell types regardless of pancreatic origin. Since many people consume excessive amount of sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in daily life, whether high sugar consumption directly causes genome instability in animals remains to be elucidated. In this communication, we show that excess sugar in the daily drink increases DNA damage and protein O-GlcNAcylation preferentially in pancreatic tissue but not in other kinds of tissue of mice. The effect of high sugar on the pancreatic tissue may be attributed to the intrinsic ratio of GFAT and PFK activity, a limiting factor that dictates UDP-GlcNAc levels. On the other hand, GlcNAc universally induces DNA damage in all six organs examined. Either inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation or supplementing dNTP pool diminishes the induced DNA damage in these organs, indicating that the mechanism of action is similar to that of high glucose treatment in pancreatic cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential hazards of high sugar drinks and high glucosamine intake to genomic instability and possibly cancer initiation.

this paper presents system analysis, modeling and simulation of an Electric Vehicle (EV) with two independent rear wheel drives. An electronic stability control strategy is proposed to guarantee the EV dynamics and stability in this case of no traditional mechanical differential. The dynamic model of the vehicle system is initially developed and simulated using MATLAB with the proposed control algorithm. The control system combine the merit of different types of control schemes: Slip ratio control (SRC) system and direct yaw moment control. This control structure ensures that the vehicle can maintain two driven motor at a synchronous speed by estimating tire traction force when moving straightly. When the vehicle is cornering, the proposed control is applied to distribute the torque of the dual motors appropriately so that the cornering behavior of vehicle becomes more stable and comfortable. The strategy that the wheels speed and yaw rate of vehicle was not use as feedback control variables, thus this reduce the risk for the driver losing control of the vehicle, especially during bad road condition. The preliminary result shows that the proposed control approach operates satisfactorily and is suitable for implementation.