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Soil microorganisms directly participate in phosphorus (P) cycle, which in turn affects crop yield and quality. However, how biological and chemical parameters respond to mineral P fertilizer application rates in rhizosphere soil remains unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mineral P fertilizer application rates (0, 60, 120, and 300 kg P2O5 ha−1) on soil chemical properties and bacterial community in maize rhizosphere in a Mollisol. With increasing P fertilizer rates, soil organic carbon concentration decreased, while soil Olsen P and inorganic P and organic P (Po) fractions concentrations increased. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the relative abundances of some beneficial bacteria (Anaerolinea, Anaeromyxobacter, Kaistia and Rhodobacter) significantly increased with reduced P fertilizer rates, and meanwhile those of other beneficial bacteria (Mesorhizobium, Microvirga, Rhizobacter and Skermanella) significantly decreased under high P fertilizer rates. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that labile Po was the main driver of the differences in bacterial community structure. Bacterial community diversity and composition significantly and indirectly affected maize yield via octacalcium-bound P, occluded Fe/Al-bound P, labile Po, and moderately labile Po. The results suggested that reducing P fertilizer rates can promote beneficial bacterial growth and increase bacterial community diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real life, individuals tend to divide people into "us" (in-group) and "them" (out-group), then give a positive social identity and evaluation to the in-group, and give out-group a negative evaluation or attitude. In other words, the intergroup relationships affect individual rational judgment. For studying the relationship between individual and group interests, in order to explore and forecast the individual decision-making behavior in intergroup relations, social psychologists brought forward the Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma Game (IPD) and Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma-Maximizing Difference Game (IPD-MD), these experimental paradigms are referenced in many fields by posterity. On the basis of predecessors' research paradigm, the experiment adds the scheme of win-win cooperation to IPD-MD, adopts the repeated experimental design which accords with realistic state, and the study utilizes 120 Chinese enterprise employees to participate in the experiment that is named "Investment Game", by artificially establishing four virtual intergroup situations, including conflict, neutral, cooperation and relationship change. Finally, the study draws a conclusion, which is based on the statistical analysis and self-reports. Different types of intergroup relationship have an important influence on the decision-making behavior of chinese enterprise employees. Chinese enterprise employees in the intergroup conflict situation tend to be more aggressive and less friendly, meanwhile ingroup could reach consensus through higher efficiency. chinese enterprise employees in the intergroup cooperation situation could alleviate egocentric motivation and reach a win-win cooperation with outgroup in a faster rate. When the intergroup situation is changed from conflict to cooperation, the reactions of different chinese enterprise employees are various. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keratins, the most abundant proteins in human hair, are excellent hair nutrients for growth. However, the complex components of keratin extract hinder their mechanism investigation, and the pure recombinant keratin with poor solubility limited its hair growth promotion efficiency. Here, the water-soluble recombinant keratins (RKs) of K31 and K81 are rationally designed through QTY Code methodology, which are then used to fabricate the microneedles to study the effect of keratin on hair growth. Interestingly, it is discovered that more than 40% of the hair follicles (HFs) in the RK81 QTY group entered the anagen on day 12 and the diameter of new hair is 15.10 ± 2.45 µm, which significantly promoted growth and development of HFs and improved new hair quality compared to RK31 QTY . Water-soluble RKs significantly enhanced HFs activity and de novo regeneration of robust hairs compared to extract and minoxidil by upregulating the PI3K/AKT/Nf-κB signaling axis. These findings highlight the potential of designing solubilized recombinant keratins with distinct properties to improve therapeutical effects and open new avenues to designing keratin-based proteins., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases. Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids, few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience. To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids, we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years. First, annual publications, countries/regions, organizations, journals, authors, co-citations, and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified. The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified. Subsequently, current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience, including human neural development, neural disorders, infectious diseases, regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and toxicity assessment studies, are comprehensively discussed. Towards that end, several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Neural Regeneration Research.)