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Abstract Migratory cells exist in the heart, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, etc. During myocardium injury, such as ischemia–reperfusion (MIRI), cells migrate to the site of injury to perform repair functions. However, excessive aggregation of these cells may exacerbate damage to the structure and function of the heart, such as acute myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial injury releases exosomes, which are a type of vesicle with signal transduction function and the miRNA carried by exosomes can control cell migration function. Therefore, regulating this migratory cell population through cardiac-derived exosomal miRNA is crucial for protecting and maintaining cardiac function. Through whole transcriptome RNA sequencing, exosomal miRNA sequencing and single-cell dataset analysis, we (1) determined the potential molecular regulatory role of the lncRNA‒miRNA‒mRNA axis in MIRI, (2) screened four important exosomal miRNAs that could be released by cardiac tissue, and (3) screened seven genes related to cell locomotion that are regulated by four miRNAs, among which Tradd and Ephb6 may be specific for promoting migration of different cells of myocardial tissue in myocardial infarct. We generated a core miRNA‒mRNA network based on the functions of the target genes, which may be not only a target for cardiac repair but also a potential diagnostic marker for interactions between the heart and other tissues or organs. In conclusion, we elucidated the potential mechanism of MIRI in cardiac remodeling from the perspective of cell migration, and inhibition of cellular overmigration based on this network may provide new therapeutic targets for MIRI and to prevent MIRI from developing into other diseases.

In order to explore the differences of taste and metabolites of different Ganoderma lucidum strains, the fruiting bodies of different Ganoderma lucidum strains were taken as samples, the taste of aqueous extracts of 21 different Ganoderma lucidum strains were determined by electronic tongue. The non-targeted metabonomics techniques of ultra high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other statistical methods based on the results of taste cluster analysis, three different Ganoderma lucidum strains (GL229, GL219, GL236) were selected for metabolite identification and analysis. The results showed that the response values of sour, umami, bitter and salty taste of water extracts of different Ganoderma lucidum strains were quite different. A total of 6057 metabolites were identified from the water extracts of three different Ganoderma lucidum strains. There were 1282, 1311 and 1966 differential metabolites between GL219 and GL229, GL236 and GL229, GL219 and GL236, respectively. There were 123 differential metabolites among the three control groups, including organic acids and their derivatives, benzene ring compounds, organic oxygen compounds, organic heterocyclic compounds, lipids and lipid compounds. The main differential metabolites were Jamaicamide C, 2-isopropylmalicacid, 1-naphthylamine, tyramine, genipin and so on. The differential metabolites L-glutamine, glutamine, cinchonine, solanidine, phenylacetaldehyde and dehydrocholicacid were flavor substances, which contributed to the taste differences of water extracts of different Ganoderma lucidum strains. This study showed that metabonomics could be used to analyze the compositions differences of Ganoderma lucidum with different taste. Therefore, it could provide a theoretical basis for the material basis of Ganoderma lucidum taste.

Abstract Background Modified Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with specific resection ranges is an effective surgical method for the treatment of focal ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Herein, we compare and analyse the static stress area distribution by performing different cuts on an original ideal finite element model. Method A total of 96 groups of finite element models of the C4–C6 cervical spine with different vertebral segmentation ranges (width: 1–12 mm, height: 1–8 mm) were established. The same pressure direction and size were applied to observe the size and distribution area of stress following various ranges of excision of the C5 vertebral body. Results Different cutting areas had similar stress aggregation points. As the contact area decreased, the stress and the bearing above area increased. The correlation of stress area variation was highest between the 1–2 MPa and 6 MPa–Max regions (Rho = − 0.975). In the surface visualisation model fitting, the width and height were of different ratios in different stress regions. The model with the best fitting degree was the 1–2 MPa group, and the equation fitting (Rho = 0.966) was as follows: Area = 908.80 − 25.92 × Width + 2.71 × Height. Conclusion Modified Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with different resection ranges exhibited different stress areas. In a specific resection range of the cervical spine (1–12 mm, 0–8 mm), area conversion occurred at a threshold of 4 MPa. Additionally, the stress was concentrated at the contact points between the vertebral body and the rigid fixator.

Abstract Alkaline metal sulfur (AMS) batteries offer a promising solution for grid-level energy storage due to their low cost and long cycle life. However, the formation of solid compounds such as M2S2 and M2S (M = Na, K) during cycling limits their performance. Here we unveil intermediate-temperature K-Na/S batteries utilizing advanced electrolytes that dissolve all polysulfides and sulfides (K2Sx, x = 1–8), significantly enhancing reaction kinetics, specific capacity, and energy density. These batteries achieve near-theoretical capacity (1655 mAh g−1 sulfur) at 75 °C with a 1 M sulfur concentration. At a 4 M sulfur concentration, they deliver 830 mAh g−1 at 2 mA cm−2, retaining 71% capacity after 1000 cycles. This new K-Na/S battery with specific energy of 150-250 Wh kg−1 only employs earth-abundant elements, making it attractive for long-duration energy storage.

CO2 conversion is gradually seen as a better way for society to effectively use carbon sources and avoid climate crisis associated with fossil CO2 emissions. And the decision to deploy CO2 technology scale should be relied on its environmental impact. In this work, life cycle assessment model evaluates the environmental performance of CO2 conversion by photocatalytic reaction process with two different catalysts (NiAl-LDH and Co-ZIF-9). Six impact categories considered in this analysis, including climate change, acidification potential, depletion of abiotic resources, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion potential, and photochemical oxidation potential. Results indicated that CO2 conversion with Co-ZIF-9 photocatalyst has a better environmental impact than the NiAl-LDH photocatalyst route. Moreover, the Co-ZIF-9 catalyst scenario also has a lower total environmental burden than the conventional CO production route. Sensitivity analysis shows that recycle performance of the catalyst is highly sensitive to the production process in two scenarios. This study could provide a framework for robust decisions in CO2 conversion by photocatalytic reaction, which is useful for policymakers to decide the feasibility of industrialization.

To retrospectively explore the characteristics of plasma amino acids (PAAs) in children with autism spectrum disorder and their clinical association via case-control study. A total of 110 autistic and 55 healthy children were recruited from 2014 to 2018. The clinical phenotypes included severity of autism, cognition, adaptability, and regression. Compared with the control group, autistic children had significantly elevated glutamate, [gamma]-Amino-n-butyric acid, glutamine, sarcosine, [delta]-aminolevulinic acid, glycine and citrulline. In contrast, their plasma level of ethanolamine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, homocysteine, pyroglutamic acid, hydroxyproline, ornithine, histidine, lysine, and glutathione were significantly lower. Elevated neuroactive amino acids (glutamate) and decreased essential amino acids were mostly distinct characteristics of PAAs of autistic children. Increased level of tryptophan might be associated with severity of autism.

To explore the chain mediating effect of teacher-child conflict and sleeping disorders between work intensification on vocal fatigue of kindergarten teachers, 847 kindergarten teachers in China were investigated using the Work Intensification Scale, Teacher-Child Relationship Scale (TCRS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI). Data were analyzed by JASP 0.14.1 and structural equation model was built through Mplus8.3. It showed that there were significant differences in vocal fatigue of kindergarten teachers in areas, age and education level. Work intensification, teacher--child conflict and sleeping disorders were positively correlated with vocal fatigue of kindergarten teachers after controlling for demographic variables such as the nature of the kindergarten, geographic areas, gender, age and education level of the teachers. In the multiple mediation model, work intensification could directly predict vocal fatigue of kindergarten teachers significantly through the mediating role of sleeping disorders but not teacher-child conflict. Moreover, teacher-child conflict and sleeping disorders had a chain mediating effect between work intensification and vocal fatigue of kindergarten teachers. So the government and education authorities should reduce the workload of kindergarten teachers, vocal training should be included in the curriculum of preschool education in universities, and it's necessary to strengthen the pre-service and post-service kindergarten teachers' training about voice using so as to improve the health care awareness. Teachers should develop communication skills to create effective interactions between teachers and children, and good environment should be created by mindful training to improve sleeping.

Long-term use of sodium oxybate (SXB), (also called gamma-hydroxybutyrate [GHB]) attenuates the cataplexy and sleepiness of human narcolepsy. We had previously found that chronic opiate usage in humans and long-term opiate administration to mice significantly increased the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons, decreased their size, and increased Hcrt level in the hypothalamus. We also found that opiates significantly decreased cataplexy in human narcoleptics as well as in narcoleptic mice and that cessation of locus coeruleus neuronal activity preceded and was tightly linked to cataplectic attacks in narcoleptic dogs. We tested the hypothesis that SXB produces changes similar to opiates and now report that chronic SXB administration significantly increased the size of Hcrt neurons, the reverse of what we had seen with opiates in humans and mice. Levels of Hcrt in the hypothalamus were nonsignificantly lower, in contrast to the significant increase in hypothalamic Hcrt level after opiates. SXB decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the locus coeruleus, the major descending projection of the hypocretin system, also the reverse of what we saw with opioids. Therefore despite some similar effects on narcoleptic symptomatology, SXB does not produce anatomical changes similar to those elicited by opiates. Analysis of changes in other links in the cataplexy pathway might further illuminate SXBs mechanism of action on narcolepsy.

Argonaute proteins (Agos) represent a highly conserved family of proteins prevalent in all domains of life and have been implicated in various biological processes. Based on the domain architecture, Agos can be divided into long Agos and short Agos. While long Agos have been extensively studied over the past two decades, short Agos, found exclusively in prokaryotes, have recently gained attention for their roles in prokaryotic immune defence against mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and phages. Notable functional and structural studies provide invaluable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of representative short Ago systems. Despite the diverse domain arrangements, short Agos generally form heterodimeric complexes with their associated effector proteins, activating the effector’s enzymatic activities upon target detection. The activation of effector proteins in the short Ago systems leads to bacterial cell death, a mechanism of sacrificing individuals to protect the community.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of intrauterine adhesions (IUA) therapy and endometrial receptivity by implanting autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the Interceed and subsequently placing them in the uterine cavity of rats. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups according to the random number table method (10 rats in each group). Following the development of the IUA model through mechanical injury, the animals were categorized into different treatment groups: the IUA model (intrauterine perfusion of saline), Interceed therapy (intrauterine placement of Interceed), BMSCs therapy (intrauterine perfusion of BMSCs), BMSCs + Interceed therapy (intrauterine placement of BMSCs + Interceed), and a control group (intrauterine perfusion of saline). The Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining technique was employed to identify and assess the pathological alterations in the endometrium. Additionally, it facilitated the quantification of endometrial glands and the determination of endometrial thickness. Masson staining was used to detect fibrosis in rat uterus. The number of microvascular density (MVD) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), integrin ανβ3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in uterine tissue. Male and female rats were combined in cages for reproductive and conception evaluation. Results: In comparison to the control, the number of endometrial glands in the IUA model was significantly reduced, and the degree of endometrial thinning and fibrosis was significantly increased (p 0.05). The number of endometrial glands, endometrial thickness, and MVD in the BMSCs therapy group were significantly increased. Moreover, the expressions of LIF, integrin ανβ3, and VEGF in uterine tissue exhibited a significant increase, leading to a comparatively higher pregnancy rate (p

Chronic liver injury leads to decreased liver function and increased fibrosis. Fibrosis is not only associated with the development of portal hypertension and carcinogenesis, but with the occurrence of events and a poor prognosis, highlighting the importance of non‐invasive fibrosis assessment in patients. In the present study, we searched for markers related to liver fibrosis via proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). In the discovery cohort, proteomic analysis was carried out in the sEVs extracted from the sera of 5 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 5 patients with compensated cirrhosis, and 5 controls without liver disease. Interestingly, in this cohort, fibulin‐4 was significantly associated with cirrhosis while in the validation cohort [formed by 191 patients: 7 patients without disease, 16 patients without liver disease (other diseases), 38 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 75 patients with cirrhosis of Child–Pugh class A (36 without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 29 with HCC), and 65 patients with cirrhosis of Child–Pugh class B–C (39 without HCC, 26 with HCC)], fibulin‐4/CD9 levels increased with cirrhosis progression. Furthermore, the fibulin‐4/CD9 ratio was significantly higher in patients with varices. Immunostaining also revealed strong fibulin‐4 expression in cholangiocytes within the fibrous areas and mesothelial cells in liver tissue blood vessels. Taken together, our results suggest that fibulin‐4, essential for lysyl oxidase activation, might be a new liver fibrosis marker found in the sEVs of patients with cirrhosis.

Abstract A two-dimensional (2D) Weyl semimetal, akin to a spinful variant of graphene, represents a topological matter characterized by Weyl fermion-like quasiparticles in low dimensions. The spinful linear band structure in two dimensions gives rise to distinctive topological properties, accompanied by the emergence of Fermi string edge states. We report the experimental realization of a 2D Weyl semimetal, bismuthene monolayer grown on SnS(Se) substrates. Using spin and angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling spectroscopies, we directly observe spin-polarized Weyl cones, Weyl nodes, and Fermi strings, providing consistent evidence of their inherent topological characteristics. Our work opens the door for the experimental study of Weyl fermions in low-dimensional materials.