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Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints for the instant fasting blood glucose of model machins with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods For 10 machins with type 2 diabetes, the electroacupuncture was applied at “Zusanli”( ST 36), “Sanyinjiao”( SP 6) and three “Jiangtangdian”( ) in the ear continuously for 5 days, with the frequency of 2/15 Hz (The 2 Hz and the 15 Hz were transferred every second) and current of 2 mA. The treatment was given once every day for 30 min. The fasting blood glucose was measured before acupuncture, after acupuncture for 15 min and 30 min in the 5 days. Results On the first day, after 30-minute acupuncture the fasting blood glucose was reduced obviously compared with that before treatment (P Conclusion The electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints can reduce the instant fasting blood glucose of T2DM machins apparently. There is time effect on instant fasting blood glucose of T2DM machins treated by electroacupuncture. The efficacy of 30-minute stimulation is superior to that of 15-minute acupuncture. After acupuncture continuously for 4 days, the effect is better than that with acupuncture for 3 days successively.

Because of the increased prevalence of wireless communication and surge in the success of social network services (SNSs), numerous users can access SNSs through various types of smart devices. To save power, smart devices are usually designed to enter an idle mode when there are no data to be sent or received and transition to a connected mode periodically or when data are received. However, frequent switching between the connected and idle modes can cause substantial radio resource control (RRC) related signaling overhead on the control plane. This study involved using a protocol analyzer to evaluate the RRC related signaling overhead and data traffic generated by various smart devices when such devices run Facebook and Skype services in a 3G operating environment. The measurement results indicated that a high number of RRC related signaling messages are produced when a smart device runs a SNS, and the generated signaling messages introduce a heavy computational burden on the control plane, potentially affecting the capability to establish connections. By contrast, the data traffic of the SNSs did not exert a burden on the data plane. In addition, this study showed that different SNSs have different connection management behaviors; furthermore, each smart device may have different connection behaviors. The connection behavior affects the frequency and volume of the generated signaling messages. A possible enhancement approach is proposed in this paper. The analysis results can serve as valuable references for planning and deploying current and next generation mobile networks.

This paper proposes a stress analysis model for the cracked PVC pipe. The cracked PVC pipe is rehabilitated with an inner composite epoxy material by a dig-free method. The optimal thickness which can get the maximal flow rate after rehabilitated will be found by the finite element model. When the crack width of the pipe with 324 degree crack angle is 30 mm, the optimal thicknesses will be obtained with the compression ratio of 5%. The optimal thicknesses of theφ 300 ,φ 400 , φ 500 and φ 600 PVC pipes are 0.6, 0.8, 1.1 and 2.5 mm respectively. With these optimal thicknesses, the flow rates of rehabilitated pipes are lager than 98% the flow rates of original pipes.

This paper proposes a new protocol for the integration of voice and video transmission over the packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) system that is a modification of reservation-ALOHA protocol. We focus on low bit-rate video applications like video conferencing and visual telephony for wireless communications. The ITU–T H.263 standard provides a solution to the need for low bit-rate video compression under 64 kbytes/s. The proposed protocol assumes that each voice terminal follows a traffic pattern of talk spurts and silent gaps with fixed permission probability (p=0.3), and each video terminal has the higher permission probability (p=1) to access the available slot based on ITU–T H.263 standard. Again, we present a ‘pseudo-reservation’ scheme to release slots reserved by video terminals according to the contents of each video transmission buffer, and the active voice terminals can temporarily access the additional slots to improve the performance without sacrificing the video capacity of the system. The packet dropping probability of the active voice terminals and bandwidth utilization of the system are superior to the original PRMA, as indicated in simulation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Most of the pipelines will get aging year after year and then they will need to be rehabilitated. Because of the heavy traffic on the ground or the congested pipelines under the ground, the replacement of old pipes will be very difficult in the cities. The dig-free (trenchless) method is a revolutionary pipelining method which uses air pressure, hydraulic pressure or mechanical drag force to pull the flexible piping plastic sheet into the old pipe. This research proposes a stress analysis for trenchless pipeline method by the finite element model with CATIA. The material of piping sheet is combined of two different types of epoxy with the anionic harder. We do the stress analysis of the trenchless rehabilitated pipelines to decide the optimal thickness of flexible piping plastic sheet and whether the material is available or not by finite element method.Copyright © 2005 by ASME