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The work was supported by the Belarusian National Research Program “Convergence-2020” and the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (grant no. Ф20Р-301). Yurii E. Lozovik acknowledge support by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant no. 20-52-00035) and the Program for Basic Research of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. Nguyen Ngoc Hieu acknowledge support by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant no. 103.01-2017.309. Работа поддержана Государственной программой научных исследований «Конвергенция-2020» Республики Беларусь и Белорусским республиканским фондом фундаментальных исследований (грант № Ф20Р-301). Ю. Е. Лозовик благодарит за поддержку Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований (грант № 20-52-00035) и Программу фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского института «Высшая школа экономики». Нгуен Нгок Хиеу благодарит за поддержку Вьетнамский национальный фонд развития науки и технологий (NAFOSTED) в рамках гранта № 103.01-2017.309.

Using the semi-empirical quantum chemical PM3 method the energies of carbon nanoscrolls formed from flat zigzag graphene nanoribbons 46zGNR and 70zGNR are calculated. For this purpose a simple algorithm to define the Cartesian coordinates of the atoms of a carbon nanoscroll is proposed. The dependences of the energy of the nanoscrolls relative to the energy of the corresponding flat nanoribbon on the inner radius of nanoscroll obtained using both the quantum chemical calculations and the semi-classical analytical model shows the bistability of the system. This shows promise for nanoscroll-based nanoelectromechanical systems.

The phonon and electronic properties, the Eliashberg function and the temperature dependence of resistance of electride Ca2N are investigated by the DFT-LDA (density functional theory in local density approximation) plane-wave method. The phonon dispersion, the partial phonon density of states and the atomic eigenvectors of zero-center phonons are studied. The electronic band dispersion and partial density of states conclude that Ca2N is a metal and the Ca 3p, 4s and N 2p orbitals are hybridized. For the analysis of an electron-phonon interaction and its contribution of the Eliashberg function to resistance was calculated and a temperature dependence of resistance due to electron-phonon interaction was found.

Ensembles with long-range interactions between particles are promising for revealing strong quantum collective effects and many-body phenomena. Here we study the ground-state phase diagram of a two-dimensional Bose system with quadrupolar interactions using a diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We predict a quantum phase transition from a gas to a solid phase. The Lindemann ratio and the condensate fraction at the transition point are $\gamma=0.269(4)$ and $n_0/n=0.031(4)$, correspondingly. We observe the strong rotonization of the collective excitation branch in the vicinity of the phase transition point. Our results can be probed using state-of-the-art experimental systems of various nature, such as quasi-two-dimensional systems of quadrupolar excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) trilayers, quadrupolar molecules, and excitons or Rydberg atoms with quadrupole moments induced by strong magnetic fields., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

We present an analytical method to estimate the condensate fraction $n_0/n$ in strongly correlated systems for which the zero-temperature static structure factor $S({\bf p})$ is known. The advantage of the proposed method is that it allows one to predict the long-range behavior of the one-body density matrix (i) in macroscopic and mesoscopic systems, (ii) in three- and two-dimensional geometry, (iii) at zero and low finite temperature, and (iv) in weakly and strongly correlated regimes. Our method is tested against exact values obtained with various quantum Monte Carlo methods in a number of strongly correlated systems showing an excellent agreement. The proposed technique is also useful in numerical simulations as it allows one to extrapolate the condensate fraction to the thermodynamic limit for particle numbers as small as tens to hundreds. Our method is especially valuable for extracting the condensate fraction from the experimentally measured static structure factor $S({\bf p})$, thus providing a new simple alternative technique for the estimation of $n_0/n$. We analyze available experimental data for $S({\bf p})$ of superfluid helium and find an excellent agreement with the experimental value of $n_0/n$., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, published version

The theoretical description of non-equilibrium Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) is one of the main challenges in modern statistical physics and kinetics. The non-equilibrium nature of BEC makes it impossible to employ the well-established formalism of statistical mechanics. We develop a framework for the analytical description of a non-equilibrium phase transition to BEC that, in contrast to previously developed approaches, takes into account the infinite number of continuously distributed states. We consider the limit of fast thermalization and obtain an analytical expression for the full density matrix of a non-equilibrium ideal BEC which also covers the equilibrium case. For the particular cases of 2D and 3D, we investigate the non-equilibrium formation of BEC by finding the temperature dependence of the ground state occupation and second-order coherence function. We show that for a given pumping rate, the macroscopic occupation of the ground state and buildup of coherence may occur at different temperatures. Moreover, the buildup of coherence strongly depends on the pumping scheme. We also investigate the condensate linewidth and show that the Schawlow--Townes law holds for BEC in 3D and does not hold for BEC in 2D., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures; to appear in Quantum

Microcavity exciton-polaritons, known to exhibit non-equilibrium Bose condensation at high critical temperatures, can be also brought in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding medium and form a quantum degenerate Bose-Einstein distribution. It happens when their thermalization time in the regime of positive detunings -- or, alternatively, for high-finesse microcavities -- becomes shorter than their lifetime. Here we present the self-consistent finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov description for such a system of polaritons, universally addressing the excitation spectrum, momentum-dependent interactions, condensate depletion, and the background population of dark excitons that contribute to the system's chemical potential. Employing the derived expressions, we discuss the implications for the Bogoliubov sound velocity, confirmed by existing experiments, and define the critical temperatures of (quasi-)condensation and the integral particle lifetime dependencies on the detuning. Large positive detunings are shown to provide conditions for the total lifetime reaching nanosecond timescales. This allows realization of thermodynamically-equilibrium polariton systems with Bose-Einstein condensate forming at temperatures as high as tens of Kelvin., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

We propose a concept of mixed analog–digital quantum simulation of the Dicke model with ensembles of superconducting qubits coupled to the single-mode microwave resonators. Using both single-qubit and twoqubit quantum logic gates, it should be possible to engineer different initial conditions for the ensemble of qubits. Since qubits can interact through the photon field of a common quantum resonator, it is attractive to examine the time evolution of this system depending on various characteristics of the initial state, including entanglement and symmetry. We here study theoretically the dynamics of such systems taking into account energy dissipation, pure decoherence as well as disorder in qubits excitation frequencies, which are unavoidable for macroscopic artificial quantum systems. We reveal unusual effects of these imperfections on the dynamics.

We consider a parametrically driven system of a qubit coupled to a cavity taking into account different channels of energy dissipation. We focus on the periodic modulation of a single parameter of this hybrid system, which is the coupling constant between the two subsystems. Such a modulation is possible within the superconducting realization of qubit–cavity coupled systems, characterized by an outstanding degree of tunability and flexibility. Our major result is that energy dissipation in the cavity can enhance population of the excited state of the qubit in the steady state, while energy dissipation in the qubit subsystem can enhance the number of photons generated from vacuum. We find optimal parameters for the realization of such dissipation-induced amplification of quantum effects. Our results might be of importance for the full control of quantum states of coupled systems as well as for the storage and engineering of quantum states.

The dynamics of charge carriers in doped graphene, i.e., graphene with a gap in the energy spectrum depending on the substrate, in the presence of a Coulomb impurity with charge Z is considered within the effective two-dimensional Dirac equation. The wave functions of carriers with conserved angular momentum J = M + 1/2 are determined for a Coulomb potential modified at small distances. This case, just as any two-dimensional physical system, admits both integer and half-integer quantization of the orbital angular momentum in plane, M = 0, ±1, ±2, …. For J = 0, ±1/2, ±1, critical values of the effective charge Zcr(J, n) are calculated for which a level with angular momentum J and radial quantum numbers n = 0 and n = 1 reaches the upper boundary of the valence band. For Z Zcr (J, n = 0), scattering phases are calculated as a function of hole energy for several values of supercriticality, as well as the positions e0 and widths γ of quasistationary states as a function of supercriticality. The values of e0* and width γ* are pointed out for which quasidiscrete levels may show up as Breit–Wigner resonances in the scattering of holes by a supercritical impurity. Since the phases are real, the partial scattering matrix is unitary, so that the radial Dirac equation is consistent even for Z > Zcr. In this single-particle approximation, there is no spontaneous creation of electron–hole pairs, and the impurity charge cannot be screened by this mechanism.

Vortex solutions of coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations for a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate of exciton polaritons have been described theoretically with the inclusion of the dependence of the Rabi splitting energy on the density of the exciton component. It has been shown that the inclusion of blueshift leads to a considerable decrease in the densities of both components of the condensate. The spatial profiles of excitons and photons in the polariton system, as well as the energy of vortex excitation formation, have been calculated taking into account nonlinear corrections.

Ground state properties of a fermionic Coulomb gas are calculated using the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo method. The validity of the composite boson description is tested for different densities. We extract the exciton-exciton $s$-wave scattering length by solving the four-body problem in a harmonic trap and mapping the energy to that of two trapped bosons. The equation of state is consistent with the Bogoliubov theory for composite bosons interacting with the obtained $s$-wave scattering length. The perturbative expansion at low density has contributions physically coming from (a) exciton binding energy, (b) mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii interaction between excitons, (c) quantum depletion of the excitonic condensate (Lee-Huang-Yang terms for composite bosons). In addition, for low densities we find a good agreement with the Bogoliubov bosonic theory for the condensate fraction of excitons. The equation of state in the opposite limit of large density is found to be well described by the perturbative theory including (a) mixture of two ideal Fermi gases (b) exchange energy. We find that for low densities both energetic and coherent properties are correctly described by the picture of composite bosons (excitons)., 12 pages, 4 figures

The structure and energy characteristics of carbon nanoscrolls formed from a rectangular graphene ribbon have been studied using semianalytical and numerical calculations. Geometric parameters of the initial graphene ribbon are determined for which stable and energetically favorable nanoscrolls can be obtained. Energy barriers for rolling the graphene ribbon up into a nanoscroll and unrolling it back, as well as the nanoscroll lifetime in a stable state have been estimated. It is established that nanoscrolls with layer overlap lengths of about 1 nm are stable at room temperature.

It is known that Dirac nodes can be present at high-symmetry points of Brillouin zone only for certain space groups. For these cases, the effect of strain is treated by symmetry considerations. The dependence of strain-induced potentials on the strain tensor is found. In all but two cases, the pseudomagnetic field potential is present. It can be used to control valley currents., 4 pages. v2: corrections and additions

In a view of recent proposals for the realization of anisotropic light-matter interaction in such platforms as (i) non-stationary or inductively and capacitively coupled superconducting qubits, (ii) atoms in crossed fields and (iii) semiconductor heterostructures with spin-orbital interaction, the concept of generalized Dicke model, where coupling strengths of rotating wave and counter-rotating wave terms are unequal, has attracted great interest. For this model, we study photon fluctuations in the critical region of normal-to-superradiant phase transition when both the temperatures and numbers of two-level systems are finite. In this case, the superradiant quantum phase transition is changed to a fluctuational region in the phase diagram that reveals two types of critical behaviors. These are regimes of Dicke model (with discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry), and that of (anti-) and Tavis-Cummings $U(1)$ models. We show that squeezing parameters of photon condensate in these regimes show distinct temperature scalings. Besides, relative fluctuations of photon number take universal values. We also find a temperature scales below which one approaches zero-temperature quantum phase transition where quantum fluctuations dominate. Our effective theory is provided by a non-Goldstone functional for condensate mode and by Majorana representation of Pauli operators. We also discuss Bethe ansatz solution for integrable $U(1)$ limits., 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Substantial revisions made, the title changed. The version accepted in Phys. Rev. A

We propose an intracavity plasmon absorption spectroscopy method based on graphene active plasmonics. It is shown that the plasmonic cavity contribution to the sensitivity is proportional to the quality factor Q of the graphene plasmonic cavity and reaches two orders of magnitude. The addition of gain medium into the cavity increases the sensitivity of method. Maximum sensitivity is reached in the vicinity of the plasmon generation threshold. The gain contribution to the sensitivity is proportional to Q1/2. The giant amplification of sensitivity in the graphene plasmon generator is associated with a huge path length, limited only by the decoherence processes. An analytical estimation of the sensitivity to loss caused by analyzed particles (molecules, nanoparticles, etc.) normalized by the single pass plasmon scheme is derived. Usage of graphene nanoflakes as plasmonic cavity allows a high spatial resolution to be reached, in addition to high sensitivity.

We show that there exists a non-trivial topological phase in circular two-dimensional quantum dots with an odd number of electrons. The possible non-zero value of this phase is explained by axial symmetry of two-dimensional quantum systems. The particular value of this phase ( $$\pi $$ ) is fixed by T-invariance and the Pauli exclusion principle and leads to half-integer values of the angular orbital momentum for ground states of such systems. This conclusion agrees with the experimental data for ground-state energies of few-electron circular quantum dots in perpendicular magnetic field (Schmidt et al. in Phys Rev B 51:5570, 1995). Hence, these data may be considered as the first experimental evidence for the existence of topological phase leading to half-integer quantization of the orbital angular momentum in circular quantum dots with an odd number of electrons.

Formation of exciton-polariton condensate due to incoherent pumping of an excitonic reservoir is considered. The condensate dynamics is governed by a system of stochastic integro-differential equations of Langevin's type corresponding to the model developed by Elistratov and Lozovik [12] . Attention is concentrated on non-Markovian interaction of the condensate with the excitonic and photonic reservoirs. It is shown that dynamical memory caused by the non-Markovian interaction qualitatively changes the condensate behavior as compared to the Markovian regime. In particular, it diminishes the threshold of pumping strength for the condensate emergence. Also, it is found that the non-Markovian regime leads to relaxation oscillations corresponding to population exchange between the condensate and the excitonic reservoir. Increasing of incoherent pumping strength leads to chaos of relaxation oscillations that is accompanied by random-like transitions between the lower and upper polaritonic states.

A comprehensive analysis of hybrid TM-TE polarized surface electromagnetic waves supported by different few-layer anisotropic metasurfaces is presented. A generalized 4$\times$4 T-matrix formalism for arbitrary anisotropic 2D layers is developed, from which the general relations for the surface waves dispersions and scattering coefficients are deduced. Using this formalism and the effective conductivity approach, the dispersions and iso-frequency contours (IFCs) topology of the surface waves in various hybrid uniaxial metasurfaces are studied. The existence of hyperbolic plasmon-exciton polaritons in plasmon-exciton hybrids and hyperbolic acoustic waves with strong confinement in both out-of-plane and in-plane directions in uniaxial plasmonic bilayers are predicted. In plasmonic uniaxial metasurfaces on metal films, the elliptic and hyperbolic backward surface waves with negative group velocity are predicted and additional topological transitions in both elliptic and hyperbolic IFCs of the hybrid surface waves are revealed. Ultrathin twisted uniaxial plasmonic bilayers are proposed as systems with the IFCs topological transitions highly sensitive to the layers twist. The developed formalism may become a useful tool in the calculation of multifunctional few-layer metasurfaces or van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D materials with in-plane anisotropy, where the TM-TE polarization mixing must be considered. The predicted effects may open new horizons in the development and applications of planar optical technologies., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

We propose a realization of two remarkable effects of Dicke physics in quantum simulation of light-matter many-body interactions with artificial quantum systems. These effects are a superradiant decay of an ensemble of qubits and the opposite radiation trapping effect. We show that both phenomena coexist in the crossover regime of a "moderately bad" single-mode cavity coupled to the qubit subsystem. Depending on the type of the initial state and on the presence of multipartite entanglement in it, the dynamical features can be opposite resulting either in the superradiance or in the radiation trapping despite of the fact that the initial state contains the same number of excited qubits. The difference originates from the symmetrical or nonsymmetrical character of the initial wave function of the ensemble, which corresponds to indistinguishable or distinguishable emitters. We argue that a coexistence of both effects can be used in dynamical quantum simulators to demonstrate realization of Dicke physics, effects of multipartite quantum entanglement, as well as quantum interference and thus to deeply probe quantum nature of these artificial quantum systems., Comment: 10 pages

We point out that realization of quantum communication protocols in programmable quantum computers provides a deep benchmark for capabilities of real quantum hardware. Particularly, it is prospective to focus on measurements of entropy-based characteristics of the performance and to explore whether a “quantum regime” is preserved. We perform proof-of-principle implementations of superdense coding and quantum key distribution BB84 using 5- and 16-qubit superconducting quantum processors of IBM Quantum Experience. We focus on the ability of these quantum machines to provide an efficient transfer of information between distant parts of the processors by placing Alice and Bob at different qubits of the devices. We also examine the ability of quantum devices to serve as quantum memory and to store entangled states used in quantum communication. Another issue we address is an error mitigation. Although it is at odds with benchmarking, this problem is nevertheless of importance in a general context of quantum computation with noisy quantum devices. We perform such a mitigation and noticeably improve some results.

We propose a way to increase the lifetime of two-dimensional direct excitons and show the possibility to observe their macroscopically coherent state at temperatures much higher than that of indirect exciton condensation. For a single GaAs quantum well embedded in photonic layered heterostructures with subwavelength period, we predict the exciton radiative decay to be strongly suppressed. Quantum hydrodynamics joined with the Bogoliubov approach are used to study the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless crossover in a finite exciton system with intermediate densities. Below the estimated critical temperatures, drastic growth of the correlation length is shown to be accompanied by a manyfold increase of the photoluminescence intensity.

Ground-state properties of bosons interacting via inverse square potential (three dimensional Calogero-Sutherland model) are analyzed. A number of quantities scale with the density and can be naturally expressed in units of the Fermi energy and Fermi momentum multiplied by a dimensionless constant (Bertsch parameter). Two analytical approaches are developed: the Bogoliubov theory for weak and the harmonic approximation (HA) for strong interactions. Diffusion Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the ground-state properties in a non-perturbative manner. We report the dependence of the Bertsch parameter on the interaction strength and construct a Pad\'e approximant which fits the numerical data and reproduces correctly the asymptotic limits of weak and strong interactions. We find good agreement with beyond-mean field theory for the energy and the condensate fraction. The pair distribution function and the static structure factor are reported for a number of characteristic interactions. We demonstrate that the system experiences a gas-solid phase transition as a function of the dimensionless interaction strength. A peculiarity of the system is that by changing the density it is not possible to induce the phase transition. We show that the low-lying excitation spectrum contains plasmons in both phases, in agreement with the Bogoliubov and HA theories. Finally, we argue that this model can be interpreted as a realization of the unitary limit of a Bose system with the advantage that the system stays in the genuine ground state contrarily to the metastable state realized in experiments with short-range Bose gases., Comment: published version, 27 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

A closed-form equation is derived for the critical nucleus charge at which a discrete level with the Dirac quantum number touches the lower continuum of the Dirac equation solutions. For the Coulomb potential cut off rectangularly at the short distance , , the critical nucleus charge values are obtained for several values of and . It is shown that the partial scattering matrix of elastic positron-nucleus scattering, , is also unitary for . For this range, the scattering phase is calculated as a function of the positron energy = , as are the positions and widths of quasidiscrete levels corresponding to the scattering matrix poles. The implication is that the single-particle approximation for the Dirac equation is valid not only for but also for and that there is no spontaneous creation of pairs from the vacuum.

In the framework of path-integral formalism and Keldysh technique for a nonequilibrium system we explore the kinetics of the polariton condensate in a quantum well embedded in an optical microcavity. We take into account pumping and leakage of excitons and photons. We make an ab initio derivation of the equations governing the dynamics of the condensates and reservoirs and show that the real open polariton system has a non-Markovian character at times comparable to the Rabi oscillation period.

The analysis of single-mode photon fluctuations and their counting statistics at the superradiant phase transition is presented. The study concerns the equilibrium Dicke model in a regime where the Rabi frequency, related to a coupling of the photon mode with a finite-number qubit environment, plays a role of the transition's control parameter. We use the effective Matsubara action formalism based on the representation of Pauli operators as bilinear forms with complex and Majorana fermions. Then, we address fluctuations of superradiant order parameter and quasiparticles. The average photon number, the fluctuational Ginzburg-Levanyuk region of the phase transition and Fano factor are evaluated. We determine the cumulant generating function which describes a full counting statistics of equilibrium photon number. Exact numerical simulation of the superradiant transition demonstrates quantitative agreement with analytical calculations., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures; revised version

The propagation of light in Weyl semimetal films is analyzed. The magnetic family of these materials is known by anomalous Hall effect, which, being enhanced by the large Berry curvature, allows one to create strong gyrotropic and nonreciprocity effects without external magnetic field. The existence of nonreciprocal waveguide electromagnetic modes in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal films in the Voigt configuration is predicted. Thanks to the strong dielectric response caused by the gapless Weyl spectrum and the large Berry curvature, ferromagnetic Weyl semimetals combine the best waveguide properties of magnetic dielectrics or semiconductors with strong anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnets. The magnitude of the nonreciprocity depends both on the internal Weyl semimetal properties, the separation of Weyl nodes, and the external factor, the optical contrast between the media surrounding the film. By tuning the Fermi level in Weyl semimetals, one can vary the operation frequencies of the waveguide modes in THz and mid-IR ranges. Our findings pave the way to the design of compact, tunable, and effective nonreciprocal optical elements., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Physical Review B

We point out that superconducting quantum computers are prospective for the simulation of the dynamics of spin models far from equilibrium, including nonadiabatic phenomena and quenches. The important advantage of these machines is that they are programmable, so that different spin models can be simulated in the same chip, as well as various initial states can be encoded into it in a controllable way. This opens an opportunity to use superconducting quantum computers in studies of fundamental problems of statistical physics such as the absence or presence of thermalization in the free evolution of a closed quantum system depending on the choice of the initial state as well as on the integrability of the model. In the present paper, we performed proof-of-principle digital simulations of two spin models, which are the central spin model and the transverse-field Ising model, using 5- and 16-qubit superconducting quantum computers of the IBM Quantum Experience. We found that these devices are able to reproduce some important consequences of the symmetry of the initial state for the system's subsequent dynamics, such as the excitation blockade. However, lengths of algorithms are currently limited due to quantum gate errors. We also discuss some heuristic methods which can be used to extract valuable information from the imperfect experimental data., Comment: 26 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1710.09659

The characteristics of charge carriers in graphene with dopants having charge Z and deposited onto a SiC substrate are analyzed. The closed set of explicit equations determining the spectrum of charge carriers are obtained for the case of the Coulomb potential modified at small distances. The critical values Z cr of the dopant charge at which the energy level with the given quantum numbers crosses the valence band boundary are determined. At Z < Z cr, for the lowest values of the orbital angular momentum, the position of the energy level corresponding to the bound state is obtained as a function of charge Z. For Z > Z cr, the position and width of the quasistationary state are calculated. The problem concerning the screening of the impurity charge is also considered.

The optical activity of achiral nonmagnetic uniaxial metasurfaces caused by the extrinsic chirality arising from the mutual orientation of their anisotropy axis and the light plane of incidence is studied. The hyperbolic regime of the metasurfaces manifests in the amplification of the polarization rotation in the transmitted light and in the giant enhancement of the effect in the reflected light. The transition to this regime is frequency dependent and has the topological nature. The key role in the optical activity enhancement belongs to the $\sigma$-near-pole and hyperbolic $\sigma$-near-zero regimes of the metasurfaces. The hyperbolic metasurfaces based on graphene strips or metal disks, and a black phosphorus thin film as a natural hyperbolic layer are considered. The efficiency of the predicted effects depends on the metasurfaces implementation and the role of a substrate. By varying the metasurface parameters and choosing the physical realizations it is possible to design such a hyperbolic metasurface polarizer for the THz, infrared, and visible working ranges. Our findings may help to improve metasurface polarizers by using them in the hyperbolic regime., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures

We consider a dissipative evolution of parametrically-driven qubits-cavity system under the periodical modulation of coupling energy between two subsystems, which leads to the amplification of counterrotating processes. We reveal a very rich dynamical behavior of this hybrid system. In particular, we find that the energy dissipation in one of the subsystems can enhance quantum effects in another subsystem. For instance, optimal cavity decay assists to stabilize entanglement and quantum correlations between qubits even in the steady state and to compensate finite qubit relaxation. On the contrary, energy dissipation in qubit subsystem results in the enhanced photon production from vacuum for strong modulation, but destroys both quantum concurrence and quantum mutual information between qubits. Our results provide deeper insights to nonstationary cavity quantum electrodynamics in context of quantum information processing and might be of importance for dissipative quantum state engineering., 18 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review A

We consider dynamics of a disordered ensemble of qubits interacting with single mode photon field, which is described by exactly solvable inhomogeneous Dicke model. In particular, we concentrate on the crossover from few-qubit systems to the system of many qubits and analyze how collective behavior of coupled qubits-cavity system emerges despite of the broadening. We show that quantum interference effects survive in the mesoscopic regime -- dynamics of an entangled Bell state encoded into the qubit subsystem remains highly sensitive to the symmetry of the total wave function. Moreover, relaxation of these states is slowed down due to the formation of collective dark states weakly coupled to light. Dark states also significantly influence dynamics of excitations of photon subsystem by absorbing them into the qubit subsystem and releasing quasiperiodically in time. We argue that predicted phenomena can be useful in quantum technologies based on superconducting qubits. For instance, they provide tools to deeply probe both collective and quantum properties of such artificial macroscopic systems., Comment: 18 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A

We study anisotropies of the helicity modulus, excitation spectrum, sound velocity, and angle-resolved luminescence spectrum in a two-dimensional system of interacting excitons in a periodic potential. Analytical expressions for anisotropic corrections to the quantities characterizing superfluidity are obtained. We consider particularly the case of dipolar excitons in quantum wells. For GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures as well as ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$/hBN/${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$/hBN/${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ transition-metal dichalcogenide bilayers estimates of the magnitude of the predicted effects are given. We also present a method to control superfluid motion and to determine the helicity modulus in generic dipolar systems.

For an nonequilibrium system, in the framework of the Keldysh formalism we explore the kinetics of the polariton condensate in a quantum well embedded in an optical microcavity taking into account pumping and leakage of excitons and photons. We make ab initio derivation of the quantum kinetic equations for the condensates and for reservoirs. We show that the real open polariton system has the non-Markovian character at times comparable to the Rabi oscillation period.

The optical activity of nonchiral nonmagnetic uniaxial metasurfaces caused by the extrinsic chirality arising when the plane of incidence of a light is at an angle to a metasurface main axis is studied. The hyperbolic regime of the metasurfaces manifests in the amplification of the polarization rotation in the transmitted light and the giant enhancement of the effect in the reflected light. In this paper special attention is paid to the graphene-based realization of such metasurface. The efficiency of the considered effects depends on the metasurfaces realization and the role of a substrate. Varying metasurfaces parameters and choosing the implementations it is possible to design such hyperbolic metasurface polarizer for THz, infrared, and even optical working ranges.

In strong magnetic fields, massless electrons in graphene populate relativistic Landau levels with the square-root dependence of each level energy on its number and magnetic field. Interaction-induced deviations from this single-particle picture were observed in recent experiments on cyclotron resonance and magneto-Raman scattering. Previous attempts to calculate such deviations theoretically using the unscreened Coulomb interaction resulted in overestimated many-body effects. This work presents many-body calculations of cyclotron and magneto-Raman transitions in single-layer graphene in the presence of Coulomb interaction, which is statically screened in the random-phase approximation. We take into account self-energy and excitonic effects as well as Landau level mixing, and achieve good agreement of our results with the experimental data for graphene on different substrates. Important role of a self-consistent treatment of the screening is found., 7 pages, 4 figures

The transverse spatial distribution of weakly interacting Bose gas in a narrow channel is found. The corresponding analytical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation has the form of a cnoidal wave. The possible physical realization of the model is a system of cold atoms or quasiparticles, e.g., excitons, cavity photons, exciton polaritons. The obtained formula is used for the numerical calculation of the spectrum of excitations and the critical velocity of the condensate. These numerical results do not coincide with the Bogoliubov spectrum, and we show that the strongly inhomogeneous condensate density leads to larger values of the critical velocity. We also make numerical estimation of the critical velocity for various types of considered particles or quasiparticles.

The general method for the calculation of $n\mathrm{th}$ ($n\ensuremath{\ge}2$) order elastic constants of the loaded crystal is given in the framework of the nonlinear elasticity theory. For the crystals of cubic symmetry under hydrostatic compression, the two schemes of calculation of the elastic constants of second, third, and fourth order from energy--finite strain relations and stress--finite strain relations are implemented. Both techniques are applied for the calculation of elastic constants of orders from second to fourth to the bcc phase of tungsten at a 0--600 GPa pressure range. The energy and stress at the various pressures and deformations are obtained ab initio in the framework of projector augmented wave+generalized gradient approximation (PAW+GGA) method, as implemented in Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) code. Using the obtained results, we found the pressure dependence of Gr\"uneisen parameters for long-wave acoustic modes in this interval. The Lam\'e constants of second and third order were estimated for polycrystalline tungsten. The proposed method is applicable for crystals with arbitrary symmetry.

We consider a superconducting qubit coupled to the nonstationary transmission line cavity with modulated frequency taking into account energy dissipation. Previously, it was demonstrated that in the case of a single nonadiabatical modulation of a cavity frequency there are two channels of a two-level system excitation which are due to the absorption of Casimir photons and due to the counterrotating wave processes responsible for the dynamical Lamb effect. We show that the parametric periodical modulation of the resonator frequency can increase dramatically the excitation probability. Remarkably, counterrotating wave processes under such a modulation start to play an important role even in the resonant regime. Our predictions can be used to control qubit-resonator quantum states as well as to study experimentally different channels of a parametric qubit excitation., 6 pages, 5 figures; revised version accepted in Physics Letters A

A tight-binding model of 8-Pmmn borophene, a two-dimensional boron crystal, is developed. We confirm that the crystal hosts massless Dirac fermions and the Dirac points are protected by symmetry. Strain is introduced into the model, and it is shown to induce a pseudomagnetic field vector potential and a scalar potential. The dependence of the potentials on the strain tensor is calculated. The physical effects controlled by pseudomagnetic field are discussed., 7 pages, 4 figures. v2: added references and extended the discussion

We analyze the effects of detuning, gain, and dissipation on Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities, assuming a cw pumping via excitonic reservoir. We show the existence of non-trivial regimes reminiscent of internal Josephson effect, Van de Pol oscillations with amplitude-dependent damping, and the “inverted” stationary state with polaritons accumulating at the upper polariton branch while the lower branch becomes unstable.

The virial theorem for a system of interacting electrons in a crystal, which is described within the framework of the tight-binding model, is derived. We show that, in particular case of interacting massless electrons in graphene and other Dirac materials, the conventional virial theorem is violated. Starting from the tight-binding model, we derive the generalized virial theorem for Dirac electron systems, which contains an additional term associated with a momentum cutoff at the bottom of the energy band. Additionally, we derive the generalized virial theorem within the Dirac model using the minimization of the variational energy. The obtained theorem is illustrated by many-body calculations of the ground state energy of an electron gas in graphene carried out in Hartree-Fock and self-consistent random-phase approximations. Experimental verification of the theorem in the case of graphene is discussed., 8 pages, 4 figures