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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of inflection skills of the preschoolers with a general speech disorders. The problem of studying the grammatical structure of speech plays a leading role in modern scientific and practical research, and the question of the mechanisms of the formation of grammatical patterns of language of children having general speech underdevelopment and the development of recommendations for speech therapy effects on this basis is especially relevant. Taking this factor into consideration, it is important to study the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general speech disorders, as one of the categories of the grammatical structure. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. In accordance with the purpose, the course of the study is described, its results are analyzed, and conclusions are formulated. Accordingly, recommendations for speech therapy have been developed.Materials and methods. The study of the features of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech was carried out in several stages. At the stage of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison of scientific literature data, the main theoretical and practical works of leading specialists were studied, dealing with the problem of formation and development of inflection skills in both normal and impaired speech development process. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, preschoolers were offered a test aimed at determining the level of formation of inflection skills. At the final stage, empirical methods for processing empirical data (quantitative and qualitative analysis) were used.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders are mainly formed at a lower-than-average level, while their peers with normal speech development are formed at a high level. The hypothesis of the study, which suggested that the word-modification skills of preschoolers with General speech disorders, in contrast to preschoolers with normal speech development, are characterized by inconsistencies in gender, number, case of nouns and adjectives, errors in the use of forms of number and gender of verbs, was confirmed.Discussion and Conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of the study, we concluded that there is a need for speech therapy to compensate for the underdevelopment of inflection skills, as a result, logopedic recommendations were developed for developing inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders, which are part of a comprehensive speech therapy on the development of oral speech.

Background. Identification of the characteristics of the pulmonary tuberculosis process using multi-layer spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection is important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, determining the dissemination of the process and its dynamics during treatment. The aim. To determine the initial characteristics and dynamics of infiltrative tuberculosis according to MSCT in patients with and without HIV infection, with and without multidrug resistance (MDR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis who were treated in a hospital. Materials and methods. 126 patients aged 19–59 years with tuberculosis, combined with HIV infection and without HIV infection were examined. For statistical processing, we used MS Excel (Microsoft Corp., USA) software package. Results. Patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection in comparison with patients with tuberculosis and without HIV had more expressed intoxication syndrome and respiratory impairement in the clinical picture (p < 0.00001). Patients with coinfection were more likely to suffer from alcohol (p < 0.05) and drug addiction (p < 0.001). According to MSCT, the pathological process in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was more disseminated (p < 0.05), included severe intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (p < 0.0001), more common pleural lesions (p < 0.005), less common destructive changes (cavities) (p < 0.001) and outcomes in form of fibro-cavernous tuberculosis (p < 0.01). Process regression was slower in patients with tuberculosis and HIV (p < 0.005). According to MSCT, extensive lung damage, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy were more often found in patients with MDR in coinfection (p < 0.05). Cavities and fibro-cavernous tuberculosis outcomes were more common in patients with tuberculosis without HIV infection and with MDR (p < 0.05). Conclusion. MSCT provides detailed information about the pathological process in the lungs and its dynamics under the treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection.

The objective of the study: to compare clinical, social, and radiological parameters of respiratory tuberculosis in patients with different HIV statuses in the region with a high prevalence of the coinfection.Subjects and Methods. The retrospective study of medical files of 80 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was conducted; patients were divided into 2 groups, 40 patients each: TB/HIV Group – patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection, TB Group – patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative HIV status. The groups were comparable by gender and age. The groups were compared with each other by certain parameters.Results. Considering clinical signs, patients from TB/HIV Group suffered from more pronounced intoxication syndrome (χ2 = 10.476; p 200 cell/μl, when CD4 level ≤ 200 cell/μl, the frequency of radiological signs typical of tuberculosis such as alveolar infiltration, destruction of lung tissue decreased in chest CT, while the frequency of atypical manifestations (interstitial changes such as frosted glass) increased.