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Intrinsic descriptor is unraveled based on coarse-fine two-stage activity regulation mechanism to design superior bimetallic 2D c-MOFs for CO2RR.

Collagen membranes crosslinked with high molecular weight polyacrylic acid (HPAA) are capable of self-mineralization via in situ intrafibrillar mineralization. These HPAA-crosslinked collagen membranes (HCM) have been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and enhance bone regeneration in vivo. Nevertheless, the biological triggers involved in those processes and the associated mechanisms are not known. Here, we identified the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics in HCM-mediated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mitochondriogenesis markers were significantly upregulated when MSCs were cultured on HCM, committing the MSCs to osteogenic differentiation. The mitochondria fused to form an interconnected mitochondrial network in response to the high energy requirements. Mitochondrial fission in MSCs was also triggered by HCM; fission slightly declined at 14 days to restore the equilibrium in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitophagy, another event that regulates mitochondrial dynamics, occurred actively to remove dysfunctioned mitochondria and isolate damaged mitochondria from the rest of network. The mitophagy level of MSCs was significantly elevated in the presence of HCM. Taken together, the present findings indicate that upregulation of mitochondrial dynamics via mitochondriogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy is responsible for HCM-mediated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High molecular weight polyacrylic acid (HPAA)-crosslinked collagen membrane (HCM) was found to promote in-situ bone regeneration because of it can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nevertheless, the biological triggers involved in those processes and associated mechanisms are not known. This study identifies that activation of mitochondrial dynamics is centrally involved in HCM-mediated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The HCM accelerates mitochondriogenesis and regulates homeostasis of the mitochondrial network in response to the increased energy demand for osteogenic differentiation. Concomitantly, mitophagy actively occurs to remove dysfunctioned mitochondria from the rest of the mitochondrial network. Identification of the involvement of mitophagy in HCM-mediated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs opens new vistas in the application of biomimetic mineralization in bone tissue regeneration.

To explore the effect of different ovulation induction regimens on pregnancy outcome of patients with endometriosis and infertility treated with in vitro fertilization and transplantation. From December 2016 to December 2019, a total of 324 patients with endometriosis and infertility were selected as subjects. After the same in vitro fertilization treatment, three protocols (super long protocol, modified long protocol and antagonist protocol) were studied retrospectively. Baseline, total Gonadotropin dosage, Gonadotropin days, Luteinizing hormone, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone levels (U/L), oocyte retrieval and embryo status, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and abortion rate were compared among the three groups. The total number of days and total amount of Gonadotropin in the super long protocol group were lower than those in the modified long protocol group and antagonist group (p 0.05). In addition, the number of retrieved ovums, mature ovums, normal cleavage and excellent embryos in the modified long protocol group was the highest (p

The present study investigated the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of N-acetyl cysteine- (NAC-) containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. An in vitro Transwell insert model was used to mimic the clinical provisional restorations placed on vital teeth. Various parameters associated with cell apoptosis and genotoxicity were investigated to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The exposure of human dental pulp cell (hDPC) cultures to the PMMA resin (Unifast Trad™) resulted in a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level beginning at 1 h, which was followed by time-dependent cell detachment and overt death. The formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that oxidative DNA damage occurred as a result of the interactions between DNA bases and ROS, beyond the capacities of cellular redox regulation. Such oxidative DNA damage triggers the activation of p53 via the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway and the induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage induced by the PMMA resin were recovered to almost the level of untreated controls by the incorporation of NAC. The results indicate that the PMMA resin induced the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis as a consequence of p53 activation via the ATM pathway in response to oxidative DNA damage. More importantly, the incorporation of NAC as a novel component into the Unifast Trad™ PMMA resin offers protective effects against cell apoptosis and genotoxicity. This procedure represents a beneficial strategy for developing more biocompatible PMMA-based resin materials.

JAK2, MPL and CALR gene mutations play an important role in the onset of myeloproliferative disease(MPD). The latest researches show that the difference of ATP binding ability between the wild type JAK2 protein and mutated JAK2 protein can help us understand the pathogenesis of the MPD further, and the clinical manifestation is related to the mutation burden of the JAK2. In some ET and PMF patients, research find the expression of MPL mutation, which can affects the progress of the disease by collaborating with the JAK2 mutation. CALR mutation is a gene related with the MPD that has been found recently. The pathogenesis of the CALR is similar to that of the JAK2, while there are some features in clinical manifestation comparing with the other mutations.

Network-based recommendation algorithm presents a good recommended result in many aspects. The algorithm is also facing the problem of cold-start. This paper proposes a solution for cold-start problem which makes use of an algorithm based on items similarity to calculate the similarity between the new item and other items in the system, and then link the new item to the user-item matrix. Finally the new items can be recommended to users by the network-based recommendation algorithm what the traditional network-based recommendation algorithm can't do. Therefore, the problem is solved on certain degree.

Organic materials in soils mainly consist of alkanes, esters, aromatic compounds and plant secondary metabolites, but they are different from one another in material type and quantity, depending on the types of slopes. This paper conducts a comparitive study on soils from slopes along the Suining-Chongqing Railway. Preparing soil samples from the rocky slope, the cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using ultrasonic methods, we measured the organic materials with a chromatograph mass spectrometer (QP2100). The results show that the number and types of organic materials decrease from the cultivated slopes to uncultivated slopes and then to rocky slopes. No contaminant appears in artificial soils on rocky slopes, but it is found in natural soils. Hence, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of soils on engineering slopes is beneficial not only for ecological restoration, but also for the prevention of pollution.

The application of intelligent lighting control system, as an advanced technology in stadium lighting project will become a trend in the future. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the characteristics and advantages of stadium intelligent lighting system and puts an emphasis on the glare,a must-be-solved problem, in the design of stadiums. An in-depth exploration about the glare is developed from the physical factors to the mechanism reaction of human vision. In terms of glare inhibition, a series of countermeasures are listed covering the design of lighting, selection and installation of lamps.

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) or strengthening of hydroxylapatite whisker (HAPw) had been studied and applied widely. However, antibacterial property of ZnO-HAPw was scarcely researched nowadays. The aim of this study was to further investigate several kinds of morphologies of ZnO-HAPw prepared by sol-gel technology at different pondus hydrogenii (pH) value and temperature. Four kinds of morphologies of ZnO-HAPw were granule, triangle, short rod and gongs nail at 70°C and pH=6.4, 37°C and pH=6.6, 70°C and pH=6.6, 70°C and pH=6.6. The SEM images of HAPw and ZnO-HAPw samples showed that the HAPw surface was smooth and no difference after annealing treatment. In addition, different shapes of nanoZnO fused uniformly on the HAPw surface. The EDS indicates nanoZnO fuses on HAPw surface.

This study aimed to compare three different methods for the modification of aluminium borate whiskers and investigate the effect of aluminium borate whiskers composites on flexural properties of dental resin composites. Method A was to mix aluminium borate whiskers and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles directly. Method B was to modify the mixture of aluminium borate whiskers and SiO2nanoparticles with sol-gel process of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Method C was to modify the aluminium borate whiskers with SiO2nanoparticles which were repaired by sol-gel method of TEOS. The effects of the three methods were characterized by the TEM and SEM. There was a significant difference (p

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental heat pressing on the microstructure of a glass–ceramic located in a SiO2–K2O–B2O3–MgO–F system. DTA, SEM and XRD techniques and mechanical testing methods were used. The results confirmed that the glass–ceramic could be successfully pressed with commercial dental equipment. The SEM observation revealed crystals aligned along the direction of pressing. The mechanical property along the direction of heat pressing was higher than that of the heat-treated controls. It was concluded that dental heat-pressing procedure led to an anisotropic structure, which could improve the mechanical property in the perpendicular direction.

The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial effects of three experimental quaternary ammonium salt monomers in order to evaluate their potential applications as dental materials. In vitro susceptibility testing of the monomers was performed by the broth dilution method on bacteria associated with oral infections: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393. The time-kill kinetics of the monomer with relatively higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans were also investigated. It was found that all the tested bacteria strains were susceptible to the three monomers, among which methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) exhibited the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations, ranging from 1.2 to 4.8 microg/ml. The time-kill curve showed that DMAE-CB achieved 99.44% killing at 19.2 microg/ml (4 times the minimal bactericidal concentration) against S. mutans after 1 min and 100% killing within 10 min of contact. This result indicates that the quaternary ammonium salt monomer DMAE-CB may be a candidate antibacterial agent for incorporation into dental restorative materials.

Objectives Grape seed extract (GSE) is known to have a positive effect on the demineralization and/or remineralization of artificial root caries lesions. The present study aimed to investigate whether biomodification of caries-like acid-etched demineralized dentine, using proanthocyanidins-rich GSE, would promote its remineralization potential. Designs Dentine specimens were acid-etched for 30 s, then biomodified using proanthocyanidin-based preconditioners (at different concentrations and pH values) for 2 min, followed by a 15-day artificial remineralization regimen. They were subsequently subjected to microhardness measurements, micromorphological evaluation and X-ray diffraction analyses. Stability of the preconditioners was also analyzed, spectrophotometrically. Results A concentration-dependent increase was observed in the microhardness of the specimens that were biomodified using GSE preconditioners, without pH adjustment. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed greater mineral deposition on their surfaces, which was further identified mainly as hydroxylapatite. The absorbances of preconditioner dilutions at pH 7.4 and pH 10.0 decreased at the two typical polyphenol bands. Conclusions Transient GSE biomodification promoted remineralization on the surface of demineralized dentine, and this process was influenced by the concentration and pH value of the preconditioner. GSE preconditioner at a concentration of 15%, without pH adjustment, presented with the best results, and this may be attributed to its high polyphenolic content.

Heavy metal contents in railway rock-cut slope soil have directly influenced ecosystem on rock-cut slope and eco-envi- ronment safety of farmland nearby. In the study heavy metal Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Mn was determined by AAS in railway rock-cut slope and control soil samples on Cheng-Da Railway crossing purple soil in Sichuan province. The results showed that Pb and Mn were significantly higher in rock-cut soil than in control soil, that is 29.7%-35.4%, while Cd, Zn and Cu were similar in both soils.

Objectives Transient collagen cross-linking treatment by proanthocyanidins (PA), a natural crosslinker, was proved to increase the cross-linking degree and ultimate tensile strength of demineralised dentin. The present study aimed to investigate whether transient pretreatment by PA-based preconditioner can improve the resin–dentin bonds of various etch and rinse adhesives. The influence of solvent type, PA concentration and treatment duration were examined. Methods PA-based preconditioners were prepared by adding powdered grape seed extract, rich in PA, to various solvents at different concentrations. They were used on demineralised dentin before the application of the bonding agent. Bond strength, failure modes and degree of conversion were evaluated via microtensile testing, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Results Collagen cross-linking treatment by PA-based preconditioners presented a concentration- and time-dependent increase in dentin bond strength even in reduced, clinically applicable treatment duration. PA preconditioning improved bond strength of the tested water/ethanol-based adhesive better than the water/acetone-based system. Mixed fracture was the most prevalent failure mode happened on the top of the hybrid layer in PA-pretreated specimens, whilst at the bottom in non-treated controls. The degree of conversion was not significantly affected by PA pretreatment. Conclusions Transient PA preconditioning improved resin–dentin bonds without compromise on the curing behaviours of the tested adhesives.

To evaluate the effects of acid etching time on the degradation of type Icollagen in dentin.Dentin was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 10, 15, 30 and 60 s. There was no treatment for the control group. Quantity of collagen degradation in each group was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Observations were carried out by means of a field emission in-lens scanning electron microscope (FEISEM).Samples conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 s showed the most degradation of collagen, which was 4.86 (1.55) mg/g, followed by 30 s group and 15 s group, which were 2.76 (0.87) mg/g and 1.93 (0.88) mg/g, respectively. Group of 10 s was 0.95 (0.38) mg/g. The control group showed the least degradation of 0.06 (0.03) mg/g. Significant differences in collagen degradation were found among groups (P0.005). Smear layer were removed well but tubular orifices and collagen fibrils were covered by particles after dentin being etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 10 s, while open and clear tubular orifices were observed for 15 s group. Smoother surfaces of exposed collagen fibrils and fewer globular particles were found in 30 s group than in 15 s group. In the 60 s group, the number of major fibrils decreased while minor branching fibrils increased, which indicate that the intratubular structure collapsed and fibrils fractured.Dentin conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s can result in mineral dissolution without collagen structure damage. However, longer applications of 37% phosphoric acid within 60 s may increase collagen degradation.

To incorporate an antibacterial monomer, methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMAE-CB), into a dental adhesive, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (Sm) of this DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive after being cured.DMAE-CB was incorporated into a dimethacrylates-based dental adhesive as experimental group. The adhesive without DMAE-CB served as a negative control. Thirty-nine specimens were fabricated for each group. The effects of the cured adhesives on the growth and adherence of Sm were evaluated with growth inhibition assay and spectrophotometry respectively. The influence of aging treatment and saliva treatment on the antibacterial efficiency of the modified adhesive was evaluated. Moreover, the bacterial growth of Sm in the eluents of two different adhesives was examined.Compared with negative control, the cured DMAE-CB-incorporated dental adhesive exhibited inhibitory effect on the growth and adherence of Sm. The inhibition rate was 99% and the absorbance value was (0.332 +/- 0.063) for experimental group, significantly lower than that of negative control (0.434 +/- 0.093, P = 0.021). Moreover, after aging treatment the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive could still inhibit the growth and adherence of Sm; the inhibition rate was 99%, and the absorbance value of experimental group was (0.372 +/- 0.062), significantly lower than that of negative control (0.455 +/- 0.066, P = 0.022). After saliva treatment the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive could still inhibit the growth and adherence of Sm; the inhibition rate was 90%, and the absorbance value of experimental group was (0.299 +/- 0.061), significantly lower than that of negative control (0.370 +/- 0.068, P = 0.045). However, the eluent of DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive didn't show inhibitory effect on the growth of Sm when compared with negative control, and the antibacterial effect and the doubling time of experimental group [(130.5 +/- 8.4) min] had no statistical difference than negative control [(126.4 +/- 7.0) min, P = 0.298].The incorporation of DMAE-CB can render the dental adhesive with antibacterial activity after polymerization via influencing the growth and adherence of Sm.

This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and microtensile bond strength of a resin-based adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer DMAE-CB (methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride). Cured specimens of 1, 2, and 3% DMAE-CB-containing Single Bond 2 (crosslinking monomer: Bis-GMA, dimethacrylates; functional monomer: HEMA) were prepared, and their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were investigated. Antibacterial property after 0, 30, 90, and 180 days of aging was also tested. Bonding ability of the experimental adhesive incorporating 3% DMAE-CB was evaluated by microtensile bond strength test. The cured experimental adhesive exhibited an inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth, and the adhesive containing 3% DMAE-CB showed higher antibacterial efficiency compared with those incorporating 1 or 2% anibacterial monomer. Antibacterial activities of the specimens lasted for at least 180 days. Microtensile bond strength test revealed that the bonding ability of the experimental adhesive was not significantly adversely affected by the incorporation of DMAE-CB. Therefore, dental adhesives with strong and long-lasting bacteriostatic property could be achieved by incorporating DMAE-CB without negatively influencing bonding ability.

To prepare three quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) monomers, and to compare their antibacterial activities against four oral bacterial strains.Three antibacterial monomers [methacryloxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-BC), methacryloxyethyl m-chloro benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-m-CBC), methacryloxyethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB)] were synthesized according to the general structure of target monomers. Their antibacterial effects were investigated using the broth dilution test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica ).Three different monomers were successfully obtained. All the tested bacterial strains were susceptible to the three monomers, among which DMAE-CB exhibited the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.2 to 4.8 mg/L.All these three QAS monomers have different antibacterial activities against four oral bacteria strains. The data indicate that DMAE-CB may be a candidate antibacterial agent for oral infectious diseases.

Objectives This study was attempted to incorporate an antibacterial monomer, methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB), into a commercial dental adhesive and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive after being cured against Streptococcus mutans. Methods DMAE-CB was incorporated at 3% (w/v) into a clinically used dental adhesive, Single Bond 2. Single Bond 2 without DMAE-CB was served as a negative control; Clearfil Protect Bond, containing an intensively researched antibacterial monomer MDPB, was enrolled as a positive control. The effects of the cured adhesives and their eluents on the growth of S. mutans were determined by film contact test and absorbance measurement, respectively. The effects of the cured adhesives on the adherence and membrane integrity of S. mutans were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with fluorescent indicators. Results Compared with negative control, the cured DMAE-CB-incorporated dental adhesive and positive control were found to exhibit inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P

In the title compound, C(22)H(19)F(3)N(2)O(3), the benzene rings of the trifluoro-methyl-phenyl and benzoyl-phenyl groups form dihedral angles of 41.89 (10) and 67.44 (10)°, respectively, with the pyridazine ring. The methyl-propanoate group is nearly coplanar with the attached benzene ring [dihedral angle = 3.9 (2)°]. The trifluoro-methyl group is disordered over two positions; the site-occupancy factors are ca 0.64 and 0.36. In the crystal structure, inversion-related mol-ecules are linked through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

The title compound, C18H23NO5, a potential herbicide, has an enol group that is intramolecularly hydrogen bonded to a keto O atom. The dihedral angle between the six-membered ring formed by the enol group and the aromatic benzene ring is 53.35 (6)°.