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In order to fulfill the goals of sustainable development and emission reduction, as the main contributor to emissions, optimizing the electric structure is imperative for Chinese electric power industry. In the "thirteenth five-year" period, China has implemented tradable green certificates (TGC) and carbon emissions trading (CET) in the electricity market to accelerate the development of renewable energy. In this study, we analyze and simulate the dual effects of TGC and CET on the electricity market based on the theories and models of equilibrium and system dynamics. The obtained results show that: (1) The increase of renewable portfolio standards and carbon price is advantageous to the expansion of green electricity. The higher the portfolio standard and the carbon price are, the better the electric structure optimization could be. (2) The proportion of renewable energy power generation is expected to achieve the goal of ‘renewable energy thirteenth five-year development planning’ by 2020 (Goal: 680 million kW, 1.9 trillion kW h, 27% of all electricity generated). (3) The CO2 emission in the electric power industry will be controlled, meanwhile effectively promoting the realization of national CO2 emission-reduction target by 2020 (Target: below 1.6298 ton CO2 emission/10,000 yuan). (4) TGC system and CET system are incentive compatible in China. Finally, we propose some policy recommendations on the mechanism design and implementation for these two systems.

The paper adopts 17 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province as geographical unit, selects the indicators concerning regional sustainable development capacity from the perspective of resource, environment, social economy and efficiency support, etc., introduces the concepts of water footprint and evaluates the sustainable development condition of water resource and overall sustainable development condition in these geographical units. It’s indicated that the overall sustainable development capacity of the 17 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province is ranked in descending order as follows: Weihai, Yantai, Qingdao, Binzhou, Zibo, Dezhou, Jining, Rizhao, Jinan, Laiwu, Linyi, Zaozhuang, Weifang, Dongying, Liaocheng, Taian and Heze. The score of sustainable development capacity achieved by the former nine is larger than 0 and the cities are in a state of sustainable development; while the score of sustainable development capacity achieved by the latter eight is smaller than 0 and the cities are in a state of unsustainable development. On this basis, the geographical units are further divided into four types by means of optimal partition method, i.e., with strong sustainable development capacity, with comparatively strong sustainable development capacity, with comparatively weak sustainable development capacity and with weak sustainable development capacity, and the sustainable development characteristics of each type are analyzed.

The development of distributed energy systems in China is one of the important measures to promote the revolution for energy production and its utilization patterns. First of all, we analyze the present application status of China’s distributed generation from three major types: natural gas, photovoltaic, and distributed wind. Secondly, based on the analysis of the project overview, project scale, and project effect in three patterns of distributed generation, we summarize the policy deficiencies and development obstacles. Finally, aiming to promote the development of distributed energy in China, we propose some relevant policies corresponding to countermeasures on the problems existing in the development process of China’s distributed generation of natural gas, photovoltaic, and wind power.

In this paper, a design of a digital decimation filter which has a output of 24 bits for high-precision 4-ordes Σ-Δ ADC is proposed. The digital decimation filter includes a CIC filter, a compensation filter and a half band filter. The over-sampling rate of the digital decimation filter is 256, the cutoff frequency is 1kHz, the coefficient of the pass-band ripple is -0.25dB, the stop-band attenuation is -162dB, simulation results using Matlab and modelsim are correct, the result of the FPGA verification shows that the design meet the requirement of the high-precision 4-ordes Σ-Δ ADC.

Two possible side effects when evaluating the crystalline volume fraction of microcrystalline silicon films by Raman spectroscopy measurement have been investigated. Large laser power incident into the microcrystalline silicon film during measurement may cause some amorphous to crystalline phase transition. In addition, the local temperature rise during measurement also leads to some spectrum shift. Both effects results in incorrect or inaccurate evaluation of microcrystalline silicon film crystallinity. By changing the laser power during amorphous silicon film Raman measurement, it is found that the critical power density to induce crystallization of amorphous silicon is ~455kW/cm2. Furthermore, red-shift of the Raman peak due to local heating effect is observed.

To evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).Clinical data of 104 patients with CT angiography-proven PTE were collected and Wells score, revised Geneva score and ECG score were calculated. Blood gas analysis, CK-MB and D-dimer values were analyzed. Heart chamber diameters and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were assessed by echocardiography. Qanadli obstruction index and Mastora obstruction index were evaluated according to computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Patients were followed up by telephone or clinic visit to assess the WHO functional class and the incidence of CTEPH.During the 25.47±16.94 months (4 to 62 months) follow-up, 7 out of 104 patients were lost to follow-up and data from the remaining 95 patients were analyzed. The incidence of CTEPH was 14.4% (14/97). Baseline PASP, incidence of recurrent PTE, right atrium and right ventricle diameters and CK-MB were significantly higher in CTEPH group compared to non-CTEPH group (all P0.05). Higher CK-MB (odds ratio: 8.3) and baseline PASP (odds ratio: 5.0 per 20 mm Hg increment) were independent predictive factors for CTEPH in this cohort.Higher CK-MB and baseline PASP values are independent predictive factors related to the development of CTEPH post acute pulmonary thromboembolism.