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Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that is highly endemic to the Qinghai province of China. Limited data are available on the prevalence of the causal pathogen, Echinococcus spp., in definitive hosts in this region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in wild foxes and stray dogs in Qinghai province. Five hundred and twenty-eight feces from wild foxes and 277 from stray dogs were collected from 11 counties in the Golog, Yushu, and Haixi prefectures and screened for Echinococcus spp. using copro-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 5.5% of wild foxes and 15.2% of stray dogs tested positive for Echinococcus spp. The prevalence rates of Echinococcus spp. in wild foxes in Golog, Yushu, and Haixi were 7.3%, 5.2%, and 1.9%, respectively. In stray dogs, these rates were 13.3%, 17.3%, and 0%, respectively. Sequencing analysis determined that Echinococcus multilocularis was the most prevalent species, occurring in 4.0% and 12.6% of wild foxes and stray dogs, respectively. Echinococcus shiquicus was observed in 1.5% of wild foxes and 0.7% of stray dogs. Echinococcus granulosus was observed only in wild dogs, with a prevalence rate of 1.8%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of E. shiquicus in dogs in Qinghai province. The current results improve our understanding of the transmission and dissemination of human echinococcosis and suggest that exposure to the eggs of E. multilocularis harbored by wild foxes and stray dogs may pose a great risk of alveolar echinococcosis to humans in Qinghai province.

Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) may be a useful approach in the treatment of disorders characterized by cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects. Here, we attempted to investigate the protective effects of DEX on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involving HDAC2. Male C57BL/6 mice were selected to develop a POCD model, where HDAC2, HIF-1α, and PFKFB3 expression was quantified. DEX was administered before POCD modeling. Then the cognitive function of POCD mice was evaluated with the open field and Y-maze tests. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed to induce BV-2 microglial cells to simulate the inflammatory response. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in mouse serum and BV-2 cell supernatant. Abundant expression of HDAC2, HIF-1α, and PFKFB3 was confirmed in POCD mice (p 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction in POCD mice could be alleviated following pharmacological inhibition of HDAC2 by FK228 (p 0.05). Mechanistically, HDAC2 upregulated HIF-1α and PFKFB3 and promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells (p 0.05). DEX attenuated neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive dysfunction by decreasing HDAC2 expression and HIF-1α-dependent PFKFB3 upregulation in POCD mice (p 0.05). In conclusion, DEX-regulated HDAC2 may play an inhibitory role in mice with POCD through regulation of the HIF-1α/PFKFB3 axis.

Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larval tapeworm infections in humans that severely impairs the health of affected patients in the northern hemisphere. Methods The expression levels of 20 cytokines associated with AE infection were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlations between these cytokines were analysed in the R programming language. Results Serum cytokine levels differed among individuals in both the AE patient and healthy control groups. The results of the correlations among the cytokines showed obvious differences between the two groups. In the AE patients group, Th1 and Th2 cytokines formed a more complicated network than that in the healthy control group. Conclusions The altered correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be closely associated with AE infection, which may provide a new explanation for the essential differences between AE patients and healthy individuals.

Surface wetness of Yuanchi peatland in the Changbai Mountains were reconstructed by comprehensive analysis on plant residue, testate amoeba and humification, using the age-depth model established with AMS使用AMS

Fruit and vegetable wastes contribute to a substantial proportion of global food waste. While these wastes could potentially be repurposed for a wide range of applications, the majority of them are discarded without effective utilization. To address the current challenges of fruit waste accumulation and sustainable nanomaterial synthesis, natural reductants derived from discarded dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels are proposed as an alternative to conventional hazardous reductants for graphene-based material synthesis. Given that the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is the major route for graphene production, the effectiveness of the proposed reductants derived from peels of dragon fruit on graphene oxide reduction was evaluated. The reducing constituents (i.e., betanin substances) were recovered from dragon fruit peel wastes using facile aqueous extraction processes, where suitable extraction treatments (e.g., pH conditions) were found to be critical for boosting the reducing power of the obtained reductants. The compiled results indicated that the proposed fruit waste-derived reducing agents demonstrated great promise for GO reduction through S

To investigate the effect of triptolide on the excursion of Tc and Th cells in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) BALB/c-un nude mice induced by pristane.Eighteen female BALB/c-un nude mice were randomly divided into blank, SLE and triptolide group, each with 6 mice by random table method. Group SLE and group triptolide were established by single intraperitoneal injection of pristane, and blank group was used as blank control group. SLE model was established by single intraperitoneal injection. Triptolide group was fed with triptolide at the dose of 5 mg/(kg·d), and the blank group and SLE group were fed normally. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein before treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment respectively. Fluorescence labeled flow cytometry was used to delect Tc and Th lymphocyte subsets at different stages of treatment.After treatment for 3 and 6 moths, the percentages of Tcl, Thl cells and CD8The mechanism of triptolide in the treatment of SLE may be related with the excursion of Tc and Th cells to Tcl and Tc2 to maintain the relative homeostasis of Tc and Th cells at different stage, thus affecting the immune response and the inflammatory reaction.雷公藤甲素对系统性红斑狼疮BALB/c-un裸小鼠外周血Tc与Th细胞漂移的影响.观察雷公藤甲素对Pristane（姥鲛烷）诱发的系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE）BALB/c-un裸小鼠外周血Tc与Th细胞漂移的影响。.用随机表法将雌BALB/c-un裸小鼠18只机编号后随机均分为空白、SLE和雷公藤甲素3组，每组动物数6只。SLE组和雷公藤甲素组用Pristane单次腹腔注射的方法建立SLE模型，空白组作空白对照。雷公藤甲素组按 5 mg/（kg•d）灌服雷公藤甲，空白组和SLE组正常饲喂。分别于治疗前、治疗后1、3和6个月从尾静脉采血，采用荧光标记的流式细胞术检查治疗不同阶段Tc与Th淋巴细胞亚群。.在治疗3和6个月时与SLE组同期比较，雷公藤甲素组Tcl、Thl细胞和CD8雷公藤甲素治疗SLE的机制可能与其调节Tc与Th细胞向Tcl和Tc2漂移，维持治疗不同阶段Tc与Th细胞相对稳态而影响免疫应答及炎症反应过程有关。.

To understand the current state of utilizing phytoplankton to globally evaluate water quality and provide references for future studies, bibliometric methods were used to review the articles on phytoplankton and water quality monitoring published in the Web of Science database between 1996 and 2016. A total of 5850 articles were retrieved, and 93.66% of the retrieved literature comprised research papers. The annual quantity of the published literature increased with time, for instance, 516 papers were published in 2015 which was 3.51 times the number of papers published in 1996 (147 papers). During our study period, the top five literature-publishing countries were the United States, China, Germany, Canada, and France, which published 1477, 490, 471, 465, and 351 articles, with literature growth rates of 25.25, 8.38, 8.05, 7.95, and 6.00%, respectively. All 15,990 authors, including 510 core authors, came from 3851 institutions belonging to 126 countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, which published 202 research papers accounting for 3.45% of the total literature published during the study period, was the first institute to publish the largest number of research papers. The total citation frequency of the articles was 130,865. The number of articles with citation frequency more than 100 and between 50 and 99 were 208 and 434, respectively. The average citation frequency of these papers was 22.37, and the H-index was 127. The annual citation of articles was found to be significantly increased, with citation only 33 times in 1996, but 18,127 times in 2015. The top five authors whose papers showed the highest citation frequency were from Germany, the United States, the United States, Australia and Canada, with the citation frequencies of 1203, 875, 698, 653, and 615, respectively. However, 693 articles had not been cited even once. All 5850 papers were published in 983 journals, mainly in the English journals, such as Hydrobiologia, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, and Freshwater Biology, including 83 research subjects and mainly focused on the research fields such as marine freshwater biology, environmental science ecology. A total of 10,182 keywords were extracted from these papers, and 113 keywords appeared more than 20 times. Subsequently, 39 high-frequency effective keywords and 9 core high-frequency keywords were further extracted. The nine core high-frequency keywords, which appeared more than 100 times, were phytoplankton, algae, nutrients, eutrophication, toxicity, microalgae, estuary, phosphorus, and nitrogen, and their appearance frequencies were 442, 289, 196, 192, 137, 135, 134, 114, and 101, respectively. Analysis of the co-occurrence relationship of the high-frequency keywords showed that the keywords algae and nutrients, water eutrophication and nitrogen, phosphorus, and salt co-occurred 120 times; algae and taxonomy, biological diversity, and various groups co-occurred 82 times, algae and primary production, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, food web and bioenrichment co-occurred 57 times; algae and estuary and lake co-occurred 48 times, algae and water quality, organic matter, bacteria, toxins, and copper co-occurred 40 times; and algae and temperature and climate change co-occurred 28 times. These co-occurrence relationships showed that the relative studies concentrated on the water eutrophication, biodiversity of algae, ecology of phytoplankton, and influence of environmental factors on the phytoplankton community. Water areas of estuaries and lakes were mainly concerned. These results indicated that the amount and citation frequency of the research papers on utilizing phytoplankton to evaluate water quality were rapidly growing, and the developed countries in Europe and America contributed most to the research in this field. The number of papers published by the Chinese researchers ranked second, but there is still a huge gap between China and the developed countries because of the lack of researchers and papers with high impact power in this field of research.

Objective: To study the correlation of serum LAG-3 and DKK-1 levels with cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and other clinical pathological characteristics in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 48 patients who were diagnosed with early gastric cancer in our hospital between June 2014 and October 2016 were selected as the gastric cancer group of the research, 50 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group of the research, serum was collected to determine the levels of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and angiogenesis molecules, and the gastric cancer tissue and the tissue adjacent to carcinoma were collected to determine the expression of proliferation and invasion-related molecules. Results: Serum LAG-1, DKK-1, angiogenin-1 (Ang-1), Ang-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels of gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those of control group (P＜0.05), and EPHA2, LOXL2, PCNA, Akt, CyclinD1, MYH-9, CXCR7, KDM1A and CatB mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma (P＜0.05); serum Ang-1, Ang-2, VEGF and bFGF levels as well as EPHA2, LOXL2, PCNA, Akt, CyclinD1, MYH-9, CXCR7, KDM1A and CatB mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissue of patients with gastric cancer were positively correlated with serum LAG-3 and DKK-1 levels. Conclusion: Serum LAG-3 and DKK-1 levels are valuable to diagnose early gastric cancer and can assess the cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and other clinical pathological characteristics in gastric cancer tissue.

Two new contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 1 and 2 have been synthesized by Perepichka and coworkers (Org. Lett., 2015, 17, 4224). In this work, we aim to clarify the effect of packings of the isomers on the charge-transfer mobility of PAHs by quantum chemistry calculations combined with the Marcus–Hush electron transfer theory. The isomers reveal dissimilar properties with PAH2 having a much smaller energy gap than PAH1. Significantly, the maximum hole mobility of PAH2 is nearly 3.5 times larger than that of PAH1, while the adiabatic ionization potential (IP) value of PAH2 is smaller than that of PAH1. In the solid state, PAH2 packs in a unique two-dimensional herringbone motif with high intrinsic hole mobility and suitable adiabatic ionization potential (IP) values making it a good p-type material.

The pyrene systems are remarkable candidates for organic semiconductor materials. The theoretical investigation on electronic and transport properties of a series of pyrene derivatives has been carried out by quantum mechanics (QM) calculations combined with Marcus-Hush electron transfer theory and density functional theory (DFT). Various structure modifications of 12 different pypene derivative molecules are investigated to reveal structure-mobility relationships of the organic materials, such as introducing different substitution groups in different positions, changing the central core of the molecule by linking different backbone structure. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies. The reorganization energies and charge mobility are estimated based on molecule single-crystal structures and incoherent charge-hopping transfer model at 300 K. For designing high performance organic materials, the hole mobility is predicted to reach a high value of 2.95 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for compound 2,7-diphenyl-substituted derivative and the largest electron mobility for 4,5-dithienypyrene as 6.24 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , indicating that pyrene derivatives are promising candidates for organic semiconductors. The 3D simulation mobility figures are calculated step by step. In this study, the charge transport properties largely depend upon the packing mode of organic semiconducting molecules and the structural change of the substituent group. Our calculation results could provide enlightening information on possible methods to increase the charge mobility and the design for organic electronic devices with high-mobility.

Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease that is highly endemic in Qinghai Province. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis among schoolchildren in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to improve early diagnosis and treatment of patients and to provide information for echinococcosis prevention and control. A total of 11,260 schoolchildren from five counties (Maqin, Gander, Dari, Jiuzhi, and Banma) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, were screened for echinococcosis. Screening involved ultrasound imaging combined with serologic examination as an auxiliary diagnostic test. The prevalence of echinococcosis in the schoolchildren was 2.1% (235/11,260), with a rate of 0.8% for cystic echinococcosis (CE; 89/11,260) and 1.3% for alveolar echinococcosis (AE; 146/11,260). Additionally, one child had a mixed infection. The prevalence ranged between 1.1% and 4.1% among the five investigated counties, and was highest in Dari County (4.1%). The prevalence of echinococcosis was higher in girls than in boys and gradually increased with age. In addition, children with CE mainly had type 1 (CE1) and type 3 (CE3) lesions, and children with AE mainly had small-diameter calcified lesions, suggesting that they were in the early asymptomatic stage of echinococcosis. In conclusion, children of Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture appear to exhibit the highest recorded prevalence of CE and AE globally. Ultrasound is useful for screening populations in regions where both CE and AE are endemic.

As compared with epitaxial semiconductor devices, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures offer alternative facile platforms for many optoelectronic devices. Among them, photovoltaic based photodetectors can give fast response, while the photogate devices can lead to high responsivity. Here, we report a 2D photogate photodiode, which combines the benefits of 2D black phosphorus/MoS

Based on the magnetic-optical effect, an alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) two-stage modulation is applied in the newly developed equipment, which measures the concentration of solution through the optical rotation of optical active substance. A Faraday coil is combined with the AC-DC signal generator controlled by a pulse width modulation controller. To deduct the measuring error caused by the AC modulation or the DC modulation, a two-stage method based on the Superposition of DC component and AC component is demonstrated, which is characterized by removing the interference of the bigger magnetic rotation angle in the AC modulation alone. The tartaric acid, glucose, and sucrose sugar solutions are taken as the standard examples in testifying the equipment. A linear correlation is found between the measured optical rotation angle and the concentration of the solution, with the optical rotation angle being within a 1% margin of error and the maximum relative error smaller than 0.005 g/ml. The results show that the equipment has the advantage of high precision, high integration, and strong anti-interference capacity. The fiber link makes the equipment portable and compact. The AC-DC two-stage modulation equipment can potentially be used in the optical rotation measurement.

A symmetrical wedge-to-wedge THz hybrid SPPs waveguide (WWTHSW) with low propagation loss is investigated. The WWTHSW consists of two identical dielectric wedge waveguides symmetrically placed on each side of a micro wedge-patterned thin metal film. The mode characteristics of the WWTHSW, such as the propagation length (Lp), the normalized effective mode area (A) and the figure of merit (FOM) are analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the influences of the height of Si micro wedge waveguide (H) and the gap between two wedges (g) on Lp and A are studied. For the same g, A first decreases and then increases with the increase of H. A achieves a minimum at an H of ~40 μm. However, Lp monotonically increases as H increases. The change of Lp slows down when H is greater than 40 μm. At a fixed H, Lp slightly increases with the increase of g. But A achieves a minimum when g is ~50 nm. Secondly, the dependencies of the mode characteristics of the WWTHSW on Si wedge tip angle (α) and Ag wedge tip angle (θ) are analyzed. At a fixed α, θ has less effect on Lp and A. As α increases at a fixed θ, Lp increases monotonically but A decreases firstly and then increases. A reaches a minimum when α increases to ~100°. Then, the change of Lp and A with the thicknesses of Ag film (d) and Ag wedge (h) are demonstrated. At a fixed h, both Lp and A slightly decrease as d increases. For the same d, Lp and A decrease with the increase of h. A for h = 0 μm is distinctly larger than those for h = 2 μm and h = 5 μm. According to the above optimizations, the parameters of the WWTHSW are chosen as d = 100 nm, g = 50 nm, h = 2 μm, θ = 80°, α = 100°, H = 40 μm. Under the optimal parameters, Lp of ~51 mm is obtained when Am reaches ~λ2/10280. Compared with the previous hybrid THz plasmonic waveguide, Lp of the WWTHSW increases by 3 times, and A decreases by an order of magnitude. This result reveals that the WWTHSW enables low-loss propagation and ultra-deep-subwavelength mode confinement at THz frequencies. At last, the coupling property of the parallel WWTHSW is investigated. The coupling length of ~8958 μm is achieved without the crosstalk between two parallel waveguides. By comparison, the WWTHSW has more advantages in terms of transmission and coupling characteristics than the previous micro wedge waveguide structure and bow-tie waveguide structure. In summary, due to the excellent transmission and coupling characteristics, the WWTHSW has great potential in the fields of optical force in trapping, biomolecules transporting, and in high-density integrated circuits design.

When studying the wavelength response to the temperature of the single mode fiber interference laser spectrum, a three layer BP neural network model is built to solve the problem of high complexity and low accuracy of temperature measurement system. With the Discussion of the parameters of network model, we obtain the optimal network structure by comparing the data acquisition which is the laser wavelength corresponding to its temperature trained by BP neural network. With network training completed and the wavelength of input laser reached the specified value, the corresponding temperature prediction can be obtained from the output layer. In conclusion, it shows a clear correlation between the predictive value and the actual value, i.e. the former is approximately equal to the latter. The correlation coefficients of the calibration and prediction are 0.999 61 and 0.979 27, respectively; while the standard errors of the calibration and prediction are 0.017 5 and 0.144 0, respectively, and the average relative error of prediction set is 0.17%. The residual predictive deviation (RPD), obtained theoretically, is 5.258 3. RPD3. It indicates that the calibration effect is good, and the model can be used for practical testing. In addition, the algorithm is also applied to the system of double coupled structure with single-mode core-offset fiber and correction for the temperature measurement. The results show that BP neural network method can deal with the nonlinear relationship between the laser spectral data and the temperature in the optical fiber temperature measurement system. The correlation and the average relative error between the predicted temperature and the true temperature are 0.996 58 and 0.63%, respectively. The precision and stability of the fiber optic temperature sensor are significantly improved. At the same time, the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified in the fiber optical sensor system. It also provides a new way for the accurate measurement of pressure, curvature and other physical quantities of the core-offset fiber.

To investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in Yushu Prefecture of Qinghai Province in 2012.Two to three towns were selected in each of Chengduo, Nangqian, Qu malai, Yushu, Zaduo and Zhiduo Counties from June to August in 2012. Ultrasound examination was conducted for residents aged over 1 year, and ELISA was performed to detect serum antibody against Echinococcus. Visceral dissection was performed to detect hydatid infection in rodents and livestock. ELISA was used to detect Echinococcus antigen in collected dog feces.A total of 7 025 residents received ultrasound examination, of whom 319 showed hydatid cysts with a morbidity rate of 4.54%. ELISA showed a serum antibody positive rate of 16.38% （457/2 790）. The mobidity of hydatid disease was highest in Chengduo County （7.41%, 181/2 444）, and the rate of serum antibody was highest in Yushu County （23.18%, 127/548）. The morbidity and serum antibody in males were 3.91% （118/3 018） and 13.93% （172/1 235） respectively, and those in females were 5.02% （201/4 007） and 18.33% （285/1 555）. In terms of age distribution, the morbidity was relatively higher in residents of 60- （8.39%, 38/453） and 40- years （6.61%, 67/1 014）; and the rate of serum antibody was highest in residents over 70 years （33.93%, 19/56）. In terms of occupation, the morbidity was relatively higher in herdsmen （5.28%, 252/4 777）, Herdsmen-peasants （6.52%, 24/368）, and religious workers（3.37%, 11/326）, while the rate of serum antibody was relatively higher in children（24%, 6/25）, religious workers （18.79%, 31/165） and herdsmen（18.34%, 328/1 788）. In terms of education level, the morbidity and the rate of serum antibody were both highest in the uneducated（5.04%, 41/4 779; 18.34%, 359/1 958, respectively）. In terms of residential pattern, the morbidity and the rate of serum antibody were both highest in those who were settled in winter and nomadic in summer （8.25%, 227/2 753; 19.48%, 158/811, respectively）. There were significant differences in the morbidity and the rate of serum antibody in aspects of residential region, sex, age, occupation, education level and residential pattern (P0.05 or P0.01). In 872 rodents detected, the Echinococcus hydatid rate was 0.46% （4/872）, while in 809 cattle and sheep detected, the Echinococcus hydatid rate was 10.14% （82/809）. The fecal antigen positive rate in 838 samples of dog feces was 10.74%（90/838）.It shows a high morbidity of hydatid diesease and serum antibody positive rate in residents, a high Echinococcus hydatid rate in cattle and sheep, and a high fecal antigen positive rate in dogs in Yushu Prefecture.

The principle of the X-ray detector which can simultaneously perform the measurement of the exposure rate and 2D (two-dimensional) distribution is described. A commercially available CMOS image sensor has been adopted as the key part to receive X-ray without any scintillators. The correlation between the pixel value (PV) and the absorbed exposure rate of X-ray is studied using the improved Elman neural network. Comparing the optimal adjustment process of the BP (Back Propagation) neural network and the improved Elman neural network, the neural network parameters are selected based on the fitting curve and the error curve. The experiments using the practical production data show that the proposed method achieves high accurate predictions to 10 −15 , which is consistent with the anticipated value. It is proven that it is possible to detect the exposure rate using the X-ray detector with the improved Elman algorithm for its advantages of fast converges and smooth error curve.

The properties of two ladder-type semiconductors {M1: 2,2′-(2,7-dihexy1-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene-4,9-diylidene) dimalononitrile and M2: 2,7-dihexy1-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene-4,9-dione} as the n-type and ambipolar organic materials are systematically investigated using the first-principle density functional theory combined with the Marcus–Hush electron transfer theory. It is found that the substitution of M1 induces large changes in its electron-transfer mobility of 1.370 cm2 V−1 s−1. M2 has both large electron- and hole-transfer mobility of 0.420 and 0.288 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, which indicates that M2 is potentially a high efficient ambipolar organic semiconducting material. Both the M1 and M2 crystals show remarkable anisotropic behavior. A proper design of the n-type and ambipolar organic electronic materials, which may have high mobility performance, is suggested based on the investigated two molecules.

There are several sites for measuring body temperature. Correct reading of core temperature is imperative for patients undergoing major operations under anesthesia. In certain situations, the sites of measurement may be close to the surgical area, and thus the measurement is easily prejudiced by the influence environment. We hypothesized that the body temperature, if monitored in the esophagus, would be lower than obtained from the tympanic membrane during thoracotomy for lung pathology under general anesthesia.The study involved 32 patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II, who were to undergo elective thoracotomy for lung disorders. General anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. The tympanic membrane probe was placed prior to when general anesthesia was administered, and the esophageal probe was inserted after administration of general anesthesia. Both the individualized temperatures were recorded at 5-minute intervals, and were compared at each change of surgical situation.The tympanic membrane temperature was higher than esophageal temperature after initiation of one-lung ventilation (OLV) with statistical significance. The magnitude of decrease in temperature between two individualized temperatures, as compared from start of OLV, was greater in tympanic membrane temperature, especially at 30 minutes after OLV (p 0.02, difference = -0.09 ± 0.22) and at the time point of the lowest temperature (p = 0.002, difference = -0.14 ± 0.24). There was no clinical difference of situation found (difference 0.5°C) in the measuring sequences.The accuracy of esophageal temperature seemed not to be affected during thoracotomy for lung lesion, in comparison with that of tympanic temperature. From clinical viewpoints, the monitoring of esophageal temperature could be more reliable in such surgical situation.

We present theoretical investigations on structure‐property correlations in fluorenone (FLO) and benzothiadiazole (BT) substituted oligofluorenes (OFLs) derived mainly from the chain morphology, thermal vibration and conjugated extent. Both the vertical absorptions and the vibrationally‐resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra have been calculated by the combination of ab initio and time‐dependent density functional theory. By properly taking into account of the anharmonic torsion potentials in the OFLs, we have reasonably reproduced the experimentally observed spectroscopic features. Both FLO and BT on‐chain chemical defects acting as charge‐trapping sites for singlet excitations, are responsible for long wave absorption and emission species, and thus alter the blue light‐emitting properties of OFLs. As temperature decreases, the electronic spectral lineshapes of FLO‐substituted oligomers become more structured. The lineshapes of BT‐substituted oligomers are always smooth and featureless because of less low collective modes resonance. A more gentle excited potential energy surface of BT‐mixed molecules can enhance electronic delocalization and achieve bigger red shifts.

The conformers of allyl alcohol and allyl mercaptan were studied with B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ method. Their relative energies were calculated at MP3, MP4(SDQ), and CCSD(T) levels. The most stable conformers for these two molecules are Gauche‐gauche′ (Gg′). The theoretical photoelectron spectra simulated with the calculated ionization energies demonstrate that there are at least four conformers in allyl alcohol and four conformers in allyl mercaptan in the gas‐phase experiments. The Dyson orbitals of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the next HOMO (HOMO‐1) of allyl mercaptan Gg′ conformer show strongly mixing ns and πc=c characteristics, which may be due to the resonance and inductive effects between πc=c and ns in HOMO‐1 and HOMO.

Hyper-parameters, which determine the ability of learning and generalization for support vector regression (SVR), are usually fixed during training. Thus when SVR is applied to complex system modeling, this parameters-fixed strategy leaves the SVR in a dilemma of selecting rigorous or slack parameters due to complicated distributions of sample dataset. Therefore in this paper we proposed a flexible support vector regression (F-SVR) in which parameters are adaptive to sample dataset distributions during training. The method F-SVR divides the training sample dataset into several domains according to the distribution complexity, and generates a different parameter set for each domain. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated on an artificial dataset, where F-SVR yields better generalization ability than conventional SVR methods while maintaining good learning ability. Finally, we also apply F-SVR successfully to practical fault detection of a high frequency power supply.

The effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the photophysical properties of N-methyl-1,8-naphthalimide (2) has been investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The UV and IR spectra of 2 monomer and its hydrogen-bonded complexes formed with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) 2+TFE and 2+2TFE have been calculated, which confirm the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the carbonyl groups of the aromatic imide and the hydroxyl group of the polyfluorinated alcohol. The absorption and fluorescence intensities going from 2 monomer via hydrogen-bonded complex 2+TFE to 2+2TFE were found to be gradually enhanced with the wavelength gradually red-shifted. The enhancements of the fluorescence intensities from 2 monomer to hydrogen-bonded complexes 2+TFE and 2+2TFE were attributed to the decrease of the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency from the first excited singlet state S1 1(ππ*) to the second excited triplet state T2 3(nπ*), whose energy was increased relative to its ground state due to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.

The research was to approach the growth strategy of rhizome and roots based on the morphology, biomass and nutrient in Phyllostachys rivalis under long-term waterlogged conditions, and provided a theoretical basis for its application for vegetation restoration in wetland and water-level fluctuation belts. The morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes of annual bamboo rhizome and roots were investigated with an experiment using individually potted P. rivalis which was treated by artificial water-logging for 3, 6, and 12 months. Accordingly the morphological characteristics, biomass allocation, nutrient absorption and balance in rhizome and roots of P. rivalis were analyzed. The results showed that there was no obvious impact of long-term water-logging on the length and diameter of rhizomes, diameter of roots in P. rivalis. The morphological characteristics of rhizome had been less affected generally under water-logging for 3 months. And less rhizomes were submerged, while the growth of roots was inhibited to some extent. Furthermore, with waterlogging time extended, submerged roots and rhizomes grew abundantly, and the roots and rhizomes in soil were promoted. Moreover for ratios of rhizome biomass in soil and water, there were no obvious variations, the same for the root biomass in soil to total biomass. The ratio of root biomass in water to total biomass and the ratio of root biomass in water to root biomass in soil both increased significantly. The results indicated that P. rivalis could adapt to waterlogged conditions gradually through growth regulation and reasonable biomass distribution. However, the activity of rhizome roots in soil decreased and the nutrient absorption was inhibited by long-term water-logging, although it had no effect on stoichiometric ratios of root nutrient in soil. The activity of rhizome root in water increased and the stoichiometric ratios adjusted adaptively to waterlogged conditions, the ratio of N/P increased, while N/K and P/K decreased, which implied that roots in water absorbed oxygen and nutrients could help P. rivalis adapt to long-term waterlogged environment effectively.

The geometric structures, infrared spectra and hydrogen bond binding energies of the various hydrogen-bonded Res−-water complexes in states S0 and S1 have been calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods, respectively. Based on the changes of the hydrogen bond lengths and binding energies as well as the spectral shifts of the vibrational mode of the hydroxyl groups, it is demonstrated that hydrogen bonds HB-II, HB-III and HB-IV are strengthened while hydrogen bond HB-I is weakened in the four singly hydrogen-bonded Res−-Water complexes upon photoexcitation. When the four hydrogen bonds are formed simultaneously between one resorufin anion and four water molecules in the Res−-4Water complex, all the hydrogen bonds are weakened in both the ground and excited states compared with those in the corresponding singly hydrogen-bonded Res−-Water complexes. Furthermore, in complex Res−-4Water, hydrogen bonds HB-II and HB-IV are strengthened while hydrogen bonds HB-I and HB-III are weakened after the electronic excitation. The hydrogen bond strengthening and weakening in the various hydrogen-bonded Res−-water complexes should be due to the redistribution of the charges among the four heteroatoms (O1-3 and N1) within the resorufin molecule upon the optical excitation.

In this study, a new reflective experimental apparatus, which can measure the spectral emissivity of opaque materials accurately and real timely, has been developed based on the Kirchhoff's law by using the GaAs semiconductor laser as the standard radiation source. The spectral emissivity of brass and red copper at wavelength λ=1.55 μm were investigated systematically with the temperatures range from 300 up to 1123 K by using this apparatus and the influence of temperature, oxidation and heating time on the spectral emissivity of two kinds of specimens were also discussed. The experimental data showed that the spectral emissivity increased with increase of temperature and appeared its peak value and valley value when the thickness of oxide film was at some degree. The spectral emissivity of red copper was always greater than that of brass. The formula for calculating the thickness of oxide film was derived from the reflection model composed of a metal and oxide film, then the peak and valley thickness of the red copper were estimated according to this model. The experimental data of constant temperature measurements showed that the spectral emissivity had a slight increase with heating time increasing. Two hours later, the spectral emissivity of two kinds of samples trended to be stable when the thickness of oxide film was at some degree. The values of spectral emissivity at high temperatures were always larger than that of low temperatures. The results of this study will further enrich spectral emissivity data of copper and provide experimental basis for its application.

To understand the status of echinococcosis in Maqing County of Qinghai Province in order to facilitate echinococcosis control in this region.Ultrasonic scanning and indirect hemagglutination assay were used to detect echinococcosis infection in residents1 year old, according to the People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard--Diagnostic Criteria for Hydatid Disease (WS257-2006). Meanwhile, ELISA was used o detect the Echinococcus antigen in dog's feces collected in Youyun, Dangluo and Xiadawu townships.Ultrasonic scanning showed that the prevalence of hydatid disease in the residents was 7.4% (116/1 561), cystic hydatid disease 5.3% (82/1 561), alveolar hydatid disease 2.2% (34/1 561). The serum positive rate in human population was 23.8%(307/1 288). Of the 82 cases of cystic hydatid disease, 23 cases (28.1%) had the hydatid cyst with a diameter of10 cm. The prevalence in males and females in the county was 5.3% (40/753) and 9.4% (76/808), respectively (P0.05). Among populations with different occupations, the highest prevalence of hydatid disease fell into houseworkers (11/61, 18.0%), monks (5/41, 12.2%) and herdsmen (84/758, 11.1%). Among the age groups, the groups of60 years (24/132, 18.2%) and 30-40 years (31/302, 10.3%) had higher prevalence of hydatid disease. The three townships with the higher prevalence were Youyun (29/247, 11.7%), Changmahe (6/63, 9.5%) and Dangluo (54/645, 8.4%). Of the 199 samples of dog's feces, 54 were positive for Echinococcus antigens (27.1%), with a positive rate of 40.4% (23/57) in Youyun towship, being significantly higher than in the other two (P0.05).Maqin county is a co-endemic area of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. The prevalence is higher in females and those over 60 years-old.

The electronic structure of five conformers of 2-chloroethanol was studied by ab initio calculations at B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. The existing hydrogen bond and hyperconjugation effects on the stability of 2-chloroethanol conformers were discussed on the base of natural bond orbital analyses. The result exhibits that hyper-conjugation is the main factor to determine the stability of conformers. Such effects on the electron wavefunctions of the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of different conformers are demonstrated with electron momentum spectroscopy, exhibiting the obviously different symmetries of the HOMO wavefunctions in momentum space.

Fourteen conformers of 3-amino-1-propanol as the minima on the potential energy surface are examined at the MP2/6-311++G** level. Their relative energies calculated at B3LYP, MP3 and MP4 levels of theory indicated that two most stable conformers display the intramolecular OH···N hydrogen bonds. The vertical ionization energies of these conformers calculated with ab initio electron propagator theory in the P3/aug-cc-pVTZ approximation are in agreement with experimental data from photoelectron spectroscopy. Natural bond orbital analyses were used to explain the differences of IEs of the highest occupied molecular ortibal of conformers. Combined with statistical mechanics principles, conformational distributions at various temperatures are obtained and the temperature dependence of photoelectron spectra is interpreted.

Objective: The minimally invasive procedure is the trend in nowadays neurosurgical techniques. We designed a new targeting method using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed CT images combining neuroendoscope for hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage (HPH). Methods: Eleven consecutive unconscious patients with a significant volume of HPH were treated with neuroendoscope via a selected frontal or temporal trephination. All the CT images were operated and reconstructed by an independent neuroradiologist for measuring the selected frontal or temporal entry point, depth of penetrating path, and surgical trajectory on the basis of the plane formed by bilateral orbitomeatal lines. The nasion and the external auditory meatus were the reference points for the selected frontal and temporal trephinations respectively. All the surgical trajectories were designed as perpendicular to the underground for minimizing the possibility of human errors after aseptic surgical draping. The intra-operatively sonography was routinely used after trephination for confirmation of the planned surgical path and early detection of possible enlarged hematoma. Results: Ten of the 11 patients regained consciousness postoperatively without complications. All the patients had an accurate trajectory of penetrating path and the average hematoma evacuation rate was 82% (83% for frontal approach and 81% for temporal approach). Conclusion: Use of the 3D reconstructed CT imaging technique combining neuroendoscope may add as a minimally invasive, economic, and timesaving way for targeting HPH. It also serves as a reliable and useful alternative for hospitals without stereotactic or navigating modalities. However, further prospective studies were needed to clarify its efficacy and safety compared to conventional surgeries.

A theoretical study of elastic scattering properties in a mixture of 39K and 133Cs atoms at cold and ultracold temperatures is reported in this paper. Based on the new constructed accurate singlet X 1∑+ and triplet a 3∑+ states interatomic potentials for 39K133Cs mixture, the interspecies s-wave scattering lengths and the p-wave scattering volumes are calculated by the variable phase method and the semiclassical method, respectively. Good agreement between two methods is obtained. The mass dependence of the scattering data by considering all isotopomers is explored, and the numbers of bound states supported by the molecular potentials for each isotopomer are also calculated.

Amniotic fluid embolism occurs rarely but is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Regardless of emergent supportive medical treatment, it is associated with a very high mortality rate. Here, we present the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman with amniotic fluid embolism, who sustained cardiac arrest and was rescued with early application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The management of amniotic fluid embolism is to initially focus on rapid cardiopulmonary stabilization. Hemodynamic decompensation may be transient and recoverable within a few hours. Early application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered in patients who are unresponsive to medical therapy before severe organ damage supervenes.

An epidemiological investigation on echinococcosis was made in Jiuzhi County of Qinghai Province, western China. Ultrasonography and an indirect hemagglutination test revealed a morbidity of 8.0% (124/1,549) and a seroprevalence of 25.8% (287/1,113), respectively, in the Tibetan population. The morbidity in herdsmen (16.6%) and Buddhist priests (15%) was significantly higher than that in other occupation groups (3.2%), and it was higher in females (9.8%) than in males (6.2%). The ultrasound images showed a coexistence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), occupying 69 and 31% of the cases, respectively. An Echinococcus Western blot assay was performed as a serological backup test for differentiating CE and AE. The assay revealed that serum samples from most cases with a positive AE image showed a specific antibody against antigen bands at 16/18 kDa. Autopsy proved that 9 out of 12 stray dogs were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (n = 8) and E. multilocularis (n = 1). Inspection at the abattoirs demonstrated a hydatid rate of 78.5% in yaks and 82.6% in sheep. The data indicate that Jiuzhi County is an important endemic area for both CE and AE, in both human and animal populations.

The product angular momentum polarization of the reaction of H+NH is calculated via the quasiclassical trajectory method (QCT) based on the extended London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) potential energy surface (PES) at a collision energy of 5.1 kcal/mol. The calculated results of the vector correlations are denoted by using the angular distribution functions. The polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) demonstrate that the rotational angular momentum of the product H2 is aligned and oriented along the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane. Vector correlation shows that the angular momentum of the product H2 is aligned in the plane perpendicular to the velocity vector. It suggests that the reaction proceeds preferentially when the reactant velocity vector lies in a plane containing all three atoms. The orientation and alignment of the product angular momentum affects the scattering direction of the product molecules. The polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) reveal that scattering is predominantly in the backward hemisphere.