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Bright light therapy (BLT) is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder and non- seasonal depression. The efficacy of BLT in treating patients with bipolar disorder is still unknown.The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy, onset time and clinical safety of BLT in treating patients with acute bipolar depression as an adjunctive therapy (trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02009371).This was a multi-center, single blind, randomized clinical trial. Seventy-four participants were randomized in one of two treatment conditions: BLT and control (dim red light therapy, dRLT). Sixty-three participants completed the study (33 BLT, 30 dRLT). Light therapy lasted for two weeks, one hour every morning. All participants were required to complete several scales assessments at baseline, and at the end of weeks 1 and 2. The primary outcome measures were the clinical efficacy of BLT which was assessed by the reduction rate of HAMD-17 scores, and the onset time of BLT which was assessed by the reduction rate of QIDS-SR16 scores. The secondary outcome measures were rates of switch into hypomania or mania and adverse events.1) Clinical efficacy: BLT showed a greater ameliorative effect on bipolar depression than the control, with response rates of 78.19% vs. 43.33% respectively (p0.01). 2) Onset day: Median onset day was 4.33 days in BLT group. 3) BLT-emergent hypomania: No participants experienced symptoms of hypomania. 4) Side effects: No serious adverse events were reported.BLT can be considered as an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for patients with acute bipolar depression.

It is unclear about the change and risk factors of depression among adolescent survivors after earthquake.This study aimed to explore the change of depression, and identify the predictive factors of depression among adolescent survivors after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.The depression among high school students at 6, 12 and 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used in this study to assess the severity of depression.Subjects included 548 student survivors in an affected high school. The rates of depression among the adolescent survivors at 6-, 12- and 18-month after the earthquake were 27.3%, 42.9% and 33.3%, respectively, for males, and 42.9%, 61.9% and 53.4%, respectively, for females. Depression symptoms, trauma-related self-injury, suicidal ideation and PTSD symptoms at the 6-month follow-up were significant predictive factors for depression at the 18-month time interval following the earthquake.This study highlights the need for considering disaster-related psychological sequela and risk factors of depression symptoms in the planning and implementation of mental health services. Long-term mental and psychological supports for victims of natural disasters are imperative.

The study of focused Ga ion beam milling for making GaN-based cavity mirrors is presented. The FIB etching rate of GaN was found to be in the rang of 0.6 μm3/nC – 0.43 μm3/nC. Three kinds of mirrors including polishing mirror, tilt mirror and nitride/air distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) mirror were fabricated. In particular, by using the transfer matrix method, the dependences of reflectivity and tolerance on the DBR Bragg order combination, number of DBR pair and nitride fill factor were calculated. To take trade-off between high reflectivity and enough tolerance, the combination of 3rd Bragg order of air gap and 5th Bragg order of semiconductor wall and three pairs were chosen. A deeply etched nitide/air DBR with vertical sidewall was obtained by focused Ga ion beam milling. Negative effects of the FIB on the etched GaN-based mirrors were also noticed. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation is a common phenomenon in survivors after disaster event. AIM: To identify the change of suicidal ideation, and to test hypotheses concerning the suicidal ideation, depression and PTSD symptoms among adolescent survivors after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. METHODS: The suicidal ideation among high school students at 6, 12 and 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated. Subjects included 737 student survivors in an affected high school. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory (C-BDI) were used to measure the symptoms of PTSD and depression. RESULTS: The rates of suicidal ideation among the adolescent survivors at 6-, 12- and 18-month after the earthquake were 35.6%, 35.6% and 30.7% respectively. Depression symptoms in the 18-month follow-up, suicidal ideations at 6 and 12 months after the earthquake were the independent risk factors of suicidal ideation in the 18-month follow-up. Depression symptoms were the strongest predictor of suicidal ideation after earthquake. CONCLUSION: An increased rate of suicidal ideation after the earthquake may be mainly due to depression but not to PTSD symptoms. The disaster-related psychological sequelae and the risk factors of suicidal ideation, especially depression symptoms, should be considered in the mental health services and suicide prevention. Language: en

The direct observation of refractive-index spectral hole burning in InGaAs GaAs strain layer, and asymmetric double quantum well(ADQW) are demonstrated. The spectral hole burning is believed to be related to nonthermal relaxation mechanism. The nonthermal relaxation time is estimated to be less than several hundred femtoseconds for InGaAs strained layer and InGaAs GaAs ADQWs samples, while the time is too short to be detected for InGaAs GaAs multiquantum-well(MQW) samples in our experiment, in which the one dimensionally confinement enhances the e-h wavefunction over lapping, and reduces the scattering time of nonthermal carriers.