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A high time resolution synchronous sampling method along with determination of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCg) and particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCp) was realized in this research through equipment modification and method improvement. It was found that WSOCg has significant higher concentration than WSOCp and a more depleted δ13C. Both concentrations of WSOCp and WSOCg have the seasonal variation characteristics of high in winter (WSOCp = 15.7 ± 3.9 μg/m3; WSOCg = 42.4 ± 6.0 μg/m3) and low in summer (WSOCp = 5.9 ± 1.8 μg/m3; WSOCg = 25.2 ± 5.2 μg/m3), with greater increase in WSOCp (167 %) than that in WSOCg (68 %). During wintertime, WSOCp and WSOCg had similar daily variation characteristics of concentration, and opposite daily variation characteristics of δ13C. WSOCp had a bimodal distribution with obvious low value at sunrise and sunset, while δ13C-WSOCp had a unimodal distribution with low in daytime (-24.6 ± 1.1 ‰) and high in nighttime (-22.3 ± 1.7 ‰). WSOCg and δ13C-WSOCg had same distribution with high in daytime and (49.3 ± 8.8 μg/m3; -27.9 ± 1.1 ‰) low in nighttime (38.3 ± 4.6 μg/m3; -29.9 ± 0.4 ‰). Combining the δ13C variation characteristics with the synchronous observation results of meteorological conditions, gaseous precursor pollutants, gaseous oxidants, gaseous acids and fine particle components, the restriction factors of WSOC gas-particle distribution mechanism were discussed. The presence of radiation rather than its intensity decided whether generations process of WSOCp and WSOCg are divided, for δ13C-WSOC of two phases showed significant correlation only during daytime. Meteorological conditions, gaseous precursor pollutants, gaseous oxidants and gaseous acids restrict the gas particle distribution of WSOC by affecting the aging process of WSOCp and WSOCg, gas-particle conversion ratio of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) and the gas phase and liquid phase generation ratio of WSOCp. At the same time, the gas-particle distribution process of WSOC is strongly related to the formation of secondary inorganic ions (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium), and the gas-particle distribution between gaseous nitrous acid and nitrite.

The non-polar compounds in atmospheric fine particles (PM

Carbonaceous aerosol is an important component of atmospheric fine particles that has an important impact on air quality, human health, and climate change. In order to explore the long-term changes in carbonaceous aerosol under the background of emission reduction, this study measured the mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) of PM

Sugar metabolism is among the most important metabolic processes in soybean; it not only affects growth and development, but also plays a role in drought resistance. As a plant biological regulator, exogenous melatonin is assumed to regulate sugar metabolism. Here, physiological and transcriptomic approaches were used to determine the effects of melatonin on physiological indices and key genes and pathways associated with soybean sugar metabolism under drought stress. In plants subjected to drought stress, melatonin treatment increased dry matter accumulation, reduced malondialdehyde content, and increased the content of metabolized sugars in leaves, thereby enhancing soybean yield. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the genes differentially expressed in plants subjected to melatonin treatment and drought stress were enriched in the KEGG “sucrose and starch metabolism” pathway related to glucose metabolism. Among the differentially expressed genes, we identified 12 significantly altered genes associated with glucose metabolism that played roles in regulating the activities of glucose metabolism-related enzymes. Collectively, our results indicated that melatonin can enhance the output of glucose metabolites and tolerance of soybean subjected to drought stress by regulating the genes associated with glucose metabolism and activation of the related enzymes. Our findings provide a detailed theoretical basis for analyzing the regulatory effects of melatonin on soybean sugar metabolism under conditions of drought stress.

Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and regeneration play a significant role in the metabolism of chlorothalonil (CHT) in tomatoes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of GSH in the degradation of CHT remains uncertain. To address this, we investigate the critical regulatory pathways in the degradation of residual CHT in tomatoes. The results revealed that the detoxification of CHT residue in tomatoes was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and oxidized glutathione pretreatment, which increased by 26% and 46.12% compared with control, respectively. Gene silencing of γECS, GS, and GR also compromised the CHT detoxification potential of plants, which could be alleviated by GSH application and decreased the CHT accumulation by 33%, 25%, and 21%, respectively. Notably, it was found that the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway participated in the degradation of CHT regulated by GSH. CHT residues reduced by 28% after application of JA. JA played a role downstream of the glutathione pathway by promoting the degradation of CHT residue in tomatoes via nitric oxide signaling and improving the gene expression of antioxidant and detoxification-related enzymes. This study unveiled a crucial regulatory mechanism of GSH via the JA pathway in CHT degradation in tomatoes and offered new insights for understanding residual pesticide degradation.

A four-mode 2D/3D switchable display using a 1D/2D convertible liquid crystal (LC) lens array is proposed in this paper. The LC lens array is composed of two orthogonal LC lens arrays, with a λ/2 film in the middle to rotate the polarization by 90°. Based on the LC lens array, a four-mode 2D/3D switchable display is realized, which is switchable between the turn-off and turn-on states: when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode I, which is 2D display; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode II, and the 3D display effect is in x direction; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode III, and the 3D display effect is in y direction; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode IV, the 3D display effect is in x-y plane. Experimental results indicate that the LC lens array has simple fabrication process, low operating voltage (∼5.4V), and short focal length. Moreover, based on the designed LC lens array, the 2D/3D switchable display shows no moiré pattern.

Magnetic coupling resonant Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System is widely used in the medium distance field as a novel technology. This paper presents a WPT system with a proper Class-E inverter structure. In order to solve the problem of the frequency splitting in WPT system. A method is proposed in the system to trace the emission frequency and the receive frequency and control the frequency. Finally, the simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms. In the end, simulation experimental results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Soda saline-alkali soil has double adverse effects on growth, morphogenesis and yield of the crops by creating a salinity stress and a high pH value in the rhizosphere surroundings of the plant. Seed priming can be an effective approach to enhance stress adaptation in seedlings growing in salinity stressed conditions. The present study examined the role of hydropriming and comprehensive seed priming with ZnSO4, CaCl2, betaine hydrochloride and GA3 to enhance the soda saline-alkali tolerance in soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seedlings. An unprimed control treatment was also maintained for comparison. The results show that two seed priming treatments can effectively mitigate the negative effects of soda saline-alkali stress. Nevertheless, compared with hydropriming, soybean seedlings from the comprehensive seed priming treatment had better growth performance through accumulation of soluble sugar and free proline contents, enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content formed from lipid peroxidation, increasing the photosynthetic pigment contents, maintaining a better membrane integrity of the chloroplasts and mitochondria, and generating more starch grains in the chloroplasts of spongy mesophyll cells under soda saline-alkali stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that soybean seedlings from comprehensive seed priming exhibited a higher tolerance to soda saline-alkali stress than the unprimed control treatment.

This paper proposes a kind of high speed mono-pulse sum-difference angle estimation hardware architecture. Sum-difference amplitude mono-pulse algorithm is implemented in the hardware which is composed of 4 chips of XC6VSX315T and three chips of TMS320C6678. This hardware structure has already been applied in engineering.

Stepped-frequency signal is an important high distance resolution signal, but it is easy to be effected by target motion. When the target moves, the phenomenon of waveform broaden and range walk would appear if we process the echo of normal stepped-frequency signal directly, so we should compensate target velocity before angle measurement; in regard to variable pulse repetition time stepped-frequency signal, there is only range walk without waveform broaden if we process the echo directly, so we could conduct the amplitude and sum-difference monopulse estimation without velocity compensation, measuring efficiency could be improved. In this article, we analyzed the principle of variable PRT stepped-frequency signal, compare it with the normal stepped-frequency signal to prove its effectiveness. Then we verify the feasibility of angle measurement by using this method.

Design an experimental method which can test the strength change of materials under the ultrahigh pressure, and a set of experimental data about the LY12 duralumin alloys materials yield strength and tensile strength are gained under the different ultrahigh pressure environment. The analysis result shows the strength of LY12 duralumin alloys will enhance. Because of effect of ultrahigh pressure, both yield strength and tensile strength increment of materials will approximately increase linearly. Beyond this, the method that can effectively build ultrahigh pressure environment has guidance significance for a real project.

Stepped frequency signal is an important high distance resolution signal, this property is realized by combining several pulse signal, so it is easy to be effected by targets radial motion. Here we analyzed how targets radial motion affects the synthesis HRRP, then a method of velocity measurement is provided, then compensation using the predicted velocity.

At Present, stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue causing durability degradation of concrete structure in the field of civil engineering become an important problem,and thus become a hot topic to study. But the research on it at home and abroad is still in stage of theoretical exploration. This paper using self-designed corrosion fatigue loading test device, studied in magnesium nitrate solution of concrete under the action of erosion strength increasing regularity, results show that the concrete strength by corrosion fatigue than fatigue specimen attenuation extent.

To analyze the clinical factors that contribute to lowered bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae in type 2 diabetic patients.Forty type 2 diabetic patients with osteoporosis and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals, selected using propensity score method, were examined for BMD of the L1 to L4 vertebrae and the left femur. Age, gender, course of the disease, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, serum calcium, serum phosphate, urinary calcium, and urinary phosphate were compared between the two groups.BMD of the L1 to L4 vertebras was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the healthy individuals (P0.05). In the diabetic patients, BMD showed an obvious difference between male and female patients and was negatively correlated with the course of the disease but positively with BMI, fasting blood glucose, urinary calcium and urinary phosphate; BMD was not correlated with age, serum calcium or serum phosphate in these patients.Osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic patients is closely related with gender, BMI, course of the disease and poorly controlled glucose level.

In this paper, author analyses the basic principle of fault diagnosis in motor device, and discusses systematically the modern methods of fault diagnosis in motor devices, and overviews the characters of each method and points out the trend of fault diagnosis in motor device.

A model of attenuation of residual strength with number of cycles has been founded .In this model the constant confined stress and maximum stress of fatigue loading are both considered. Based on the data of experiment, the coefficients of the model are determined. The model can be used to predict the residual life of specimen under biaxial compressive loading with constant confined stress.

This paper gives an experimental research on slightly contaminated raw water by utilizing the combined technology of electro-flotation and suspending TiO2 photochemical catalysis. During the static experiment of degrading humic acid by electro-flotation—suspended TiO2 photochemical catalysis, the ratio of CODMn removal reaches 87.8% in such conditions as two ultraviolet germicidal lamps of 10W, the voltage of 20V, the current of 0.4A, 0.5cm intervals of two groups of plates, the TiO2 dosage of 1g/L and the reaction time of 150 minutes. The preferable synergistic effect can be achieved when combining electro-flotation and photocatalytic oxidation together.

First of all, the working principle of infrared thermometer and the structural principle sketch map for measuring the temperature of rotary wheel disc through infrared thermometric technology are briefly introduced from the physics aspect. Secondly, the type of infrared thermometer is selected according to the practical request of low or high temperature measure of rotary wheel disc. Finally, the same point temperature of the turbine wheel disc of an engine is measured through infrared thermometer and thermoelectric couple in the heating status, and the measure results are compared, which dictates that the infrared thermometric system could achieve an upper detection precision and satisfy the practical engineering request.

According to the equation of shrunk interface pressure and the condition of diametrical ratio based on the theory of equal strength, it is found that the diametrical ratio isn’t true of the condition of diametrical ratio and the distribution of stress isn’t very equality through analyzing and calculating the diametrical ratio and stress to a super high pressure cylinder. Then aim at the problems existed in the super high pressure cylinder, it is taken the improved design. The super high pressure cylinder has much better than original one in distributing of stress. It is shown that the improved design project has a better technical result.

Through the analysis of stress in ultra high-pressure cylinders, found that its stress distribution is very uneven. In order to use the principle of autofrettage for improving design of the cylinders, first with Faupel-Furbe formula to calculate estimates of diameter ratio, and thus are inner and outer diameter of the cylinder block. Then the cylinder is determined parameter of autofrettage on the cylinder such as the optimum radius of elastic-plastic junction and the optimum autofrettage pressure. Finally, analysis and calculation of stress in improved design cylinder, the results show that the improved design of cylinder have a greater degree of improvement in weight, size and stress distribution of three areas. Key words: autofrettage; ultra-high pressure cylinders; diameter ratio; stress distribution.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by oligoclonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. The diagnosis of LCH is complicated by the fact that it may involve multiple organ systems and its clinical presentation and course varies, ranging from an isolated to a multisystem disease. We report a 35-year-old male with LCH involving multiple systems, including the bones, lungs, spleen, liver and bile ducts, whose first clinical presentation was liver dysfunction. The patient was diagnosed following a skull biopsy that revealed infiltration of Langerhans cells. However, a liver biopsy revealed sclerosing cholangitis (SC) with no signs of Langerhans cell infiltration, and the clinical manifestations of the involved organs were atypical, leading to a delayed diagnosis. The patient was in partial remission following chemotherapy. In conclusion, findings of this case may aid our understanding of the pathophysiology of LCH and in improving its diagnosis and treatment.

The characteristics of stress distribution in high-pressure vessel are analyzed at first. Then the formula of inner pressure is derived. Through analysis the formula, a conclusion that the maximal inner pressure the high-pressure vessel can support goes steady under the diameter ratio is more than 5. Then the formula of equivalent stress at the dangerous position (inside wall) in high-pressure vessel is educed according to the fourth strength theorem and the quantitative relationship in the vessel’s inside pressure and diametrical ratio and the fatigue limit further is founded. Finally, the advice that proper structure is adopted to improve the cylinder’s inner pressure when design thick wall high-pressure cylinder according to relationships as above. These advices have a definite directive significance for how to design and use vessel effectively.

Product design is a complicated thinking activity of creation of human. Based on analyzing product design and its process, using a theory and method of aggregating and mapping, models of product design, process of product design, process of conceptual design of product were constructed, a frame of network arithmetic of a process of conceptual design of product was presented, its flow of decomposition and integration was particularly defined, a good base for modeling and ruling of process of product design was founded. At the same time, a useful exploration of development of a computer support implement for process of product design at all life cycle was made.

Waterjet abrasive nozzle is the key component for accelerating abrasive particle velocity and its diameter has important influence on water jet. The relationship between nozzle diameter and waterjet cutting performance has been studied by experiment. The results show: The incision depth and width of specimen decrease linearly with the decreasing of nozzle diameter; The linearity of jet moving direction and the size of kerf angle of specimen are independent of nozzle diameter. Under the same pressure, reducing the nozzle diameter make the penetration capability to reduce, thus, the cutting quality decrease.

In the actual project, many concrete structures not only suffer the loading of static force and the repeated loading but also affected by the corrosive effects of chemical substances in external environment, which makes concrete corrosion and damage become an unavoidable issue in engineering. The research on it at home and abroad is still in stage of theoretical exploration. This paper studied the attenuation of the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading and corrosion of chloride, using self-designed experimental corrosion fatigue loading device. The results show that the corrosion of concrete by chlorine ion is unneglected, its influence is greater than mathematical superposition of alternating load and corrosion when they affect the concrete separately.

Mechanical analysis is carried out to the deformation of workpiece when turning slender shafts in the normal and reversed direction under two different conditions of clamping. Mathematical models are set up for the calculation of bending deformation resulting from cutting force in condition of normal and reversed turning. An example is given to show that bending deformation and the resulting machining error in conditions of reversed turning is much less than that in normal turning. The result has been verified by experiments. The mechanical model and numerical analysis can be used in the processing design of slender shaft turning.

Hollow parts with variable cross-section are widely used in the area of automotive and aerospace industries due to their excellent properties. Wrinkling is one of the most common forms of instability in the process of manufacturing the parts. The minimum curvature of the cross-section profile of bugled workpieces is proposed in this paper to as a wrinkling indicator to characterize the form and extent of the wrinkle. The wrinkle distribution of 1Cr13Mn9Ni1N stainless steel tube in hydroforming with radial crushing under linear and constant hydraulic pressures is analyzed and the influence of the bulging methods on the wrinkling is investigated via finite element simulation. The results indicate that wrinkling under constant hydraulic pressure is more obvious than that under linear one, wrinkling in hydroforming with radial crushing is more serious than that in free hydro-bugling, wrinkling on the cross-section away from the middle cross-section is more distinct and the wrinkling on the side edge is obvious than that on the bottom of the bugled workpiece.

Tube hydroforming with radial crushing (THFRC) process is particularly applicable to the tube which is difficult to shape due to lack of axial feeding. In this paper, the formability of the circular tube expanded into a triangle cross-section under the simple loading paths is explored by using the numerical simulation. The effect of the forming mode and the loading paths on bulged profile, wall-thickness distribution and the potential fracture location of the bulged tube are analyzed. The results showed that constraint conditions at tube ends have small influence on the bulged profile and wall-thickness distribution. Moreover, the larger the peak value of the internal pressure is, the better material filling ability and higher accurate the tube bulged profile are. Furthermore, the higher forming accuracy, the better material filling ability and wall-thickness distribution are gained in THFRC than those in free hydro-bulging (FHB) process, and they can be obtained under constant than linear pressure loading paths. Finally, the potential fracture location of the bulged tube in THFRC process is quite different from that in FHB process.

In order to study the residual stress of the auto-frettagea super high pressure vessel effectively, a new stress and strain analytical formula is brought forward. It indicates that this analytical formula is more accurate under actual conditions for the steel applied in auto-frettagea super high pressure vessel through strict mathematical testimony. Subsequently, it describes how to establish this analytical formula and analyzes the analytical formula’s error through taking some material as an example. It illustrates that it is feasible and reliable to solve this new analytical formula basing on general tensile curves through this instance. The analytical formula is also of theoretical signification and engineering practical value in application.

Based on the relation between the elastic disable pressure of the cylinder and the limit of yielding in material according to the elastic disable rule, a laboratorial method of determining elastic disable pressure of thick wall cylinder is designed and a set of experimental data are gained by the method. The elastic disable pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the error between the experimental value and the theoretical value is small.

In screening 87665 unrelated healthy blood donors in China, serology studies resulted in the detection of two K(0) probands, both female. To explore the molecular basis of the K(null) phenotype in the Chinese population, genomic DNA, total RNA, and reticulocyte RNA were subsequently prepared from the two probands, five family members of proband 1, four unrelated normal controls, and one unrelated KEL1 control. Nucleic acids were analyzed for the KEL gene by DNA and RNA sequencing, while antigens were analyzed by flow cytometry with BRIC18, BRIC68, anti-k, and anti-Kp(b). Two novel K(null) alleles were identified in both probands: in exon 3, 185insT (Ser62Phe and a premature stop codon in exon 4, GenBank accession number, EF208900), and in exon 7, 715G>T (Glu239Stop, GenBank accession number EF208901). Alternative splicing patterns were observed in RNA obtained from whole blood versus from a reticulocyte fraction. Our study identified these two novel K(null) alleles resulting in the K(null) phenotype, the frequency of the K(null) phenotype amongst Chinese mainlanders is only 0.00228%.

A modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood model based on intrinsic reactions was proposed. Similar to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, the modified model predicts that both the reciprocal of reaction rate constant 1/k r and the adsorption rate constant K s are linearly proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of light intensity 1/I 1/2 . The validity of the modified kinetic model was verified with the experimental data of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) degradation.

The D antigen is the most antigenic in the Rh blood group system. Variation in the D antigen may have the potential to cause alloimmunization. D variant may have different molecular backgrounds in people of different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate serological and molecular differences related to the D antigen among Chinese ethnic groups. Blood samples of six different races in Xinjiang were screened for D variants using serological test. The suspected D variants were further analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to determine the RHD genotype. Fourteen D elute phenotypes (DELs), included 11 Han, 2 Uigur and 1 Hui, were detected together with two weak Ds, one in the Han and one in the Uigur. The 14 DELs possessed the RHD (K409K) allele. The weak D found in the Han was of type 15, but the Uigur phenotype was of weak D type 5. Our results suggest that the Uigur population has both Han and Caucasian characteristics in the Rh blood group system, but the RHD genotypes of other minorities settled in China need to be further studied. A different strategy for Rh typing based on ethnic specificity should be used to detect D variants.

Synucleinopathies and abnormalities in the nerves of the enteric nervous system are hypothesized to be involved in age-associated motility disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of various antigens, including α‑synuclein (Syn) and its post‑translational modified forms, in the human colon at various ages. In addition, the study aimed to correlate the expression of Syn with neurodegeneration. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of neurofilament (NF), Syn, as well as its nitrated (N) form in the healthy colonic tissue of 12 young (34.08±5.12 years), 10 middle‑aged (51.80±3.52 years), and 11 elderly (75.82±7.70 years) individuals. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate the presence of N‑Syn in the colonic tissue. N‑Syn was identified in the upper layer of the mucosa and submucosa layer. Furthermore, Syn (wild‑type) was present in the mucosa and submucosa. The number of NF‑positive neurons in the submucosal layer declined significantly with age (P

This essay summarized the service features of small- and medium-sized Institutes and planned the solutions of information product data management which is suitable for the development of Institute. It established the product data management structure of small- and medium-sized Institute, and the general framework of product data center. On the basis of this, by standardizing the template of product parts and components, documents, processes signing and control changing, the product development can be ensured to run based on the norm mode of product data management system. Thus, the aim is to standardize the design process, unify data sources, shorten product design period, and improve the innovation capacity of R&D.

Toni Morrison is widely recognized as an American’s prominent novelist, who magnificently explores the life of the black, especially that of black women. Her Nobel Prize Lecture, in which she again tells a story of a black woman, can be regarded as an epitome of Morrison’s thoughts. The dialogue between the blind black old woman and the young people is full of wisdom and profoundness.

To investigate the changes of neutrophils in airway inflammation in children with severe asthma.Children with mild to moderate asthma (n=23), severe asthma (n=16) and healthy control subjects (n=16) underwent lung function tests and sputum induction. The sputum specimens were assayed for cellular differential count, the supernatant and peripheral blood were assayed for the concentrations of IL-8 by "sandwich" enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sputum supernatant, IL-8 and mifepristone were assessed for their abilities to prolong the in vitro survival of blood-derived neutrophils.The percentage of sputum neutrophils was significantly higher in severe asthmatics [59.54 (41.99-74.65)%] than mild-moderate asthmatics [30.03 (15.94-47.71)%] and healthy control subjects [29.72(16.53-45.74)%] (P0. 01); the level of IL-8 in sputum was significantly higher in severe asthmatics [2907.78 (331.67 - 3457.93) ng/L] than mild-moderate asthmatics [287.58 (130.75-656.84) ng/L] and healthy control subjects [179.2 (58.55-346.59) ng/L] (P0.01); the percentages of neutrophilic apoptosis respectively cultured with LPS [(10.57 +/- 1.97)%], severe asthmatics supernatant [(11.82 +/- 2.96)%], IL-8 [(10.47 +/- 1.93)%], dexamethasone [(9.93 +/- 1.95)%], severe asthma supernatant + mifepristone [(12.15 +/- 2.86)%] in vitro were lower than that cultured with PBS [(17.98 +/- 2.27)%], healthy control supernatant [(17.37 +/- 2.50)%], mild-moderate asthmatics supernatant [(16.35 +/- 3.26)%], mifepristone [(17.89 +/- 2.38)%], and dexamethasone + mifepristone [(17.06 +/- 2.59)%] (P0.01).Suppression of neutrophilic apoptosis seems to play a potential role in airway neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthmatics, and the level of IL-8 in sputum was significantly higher in patients with severe asthmatics.