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Objectives: Elevated thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP)‐induced pyroptosis contributes to the pathology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the molecular mechanisms in dysregulated TXNIP in DKD remain largely unclear. Materials and methods: Transcriptomic analysis identified a novel long noncoding RNA—Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA, SNRPN neighbour (PWARSN)—which was highly expressed in a proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) under high glucose conditions. We focused on revealing the functions of PWARSN in regulating TXNIP‐mediated pyroptosis in PTECs by targeting PWARSN expression via lentivirus‐mediated overexpression and CRISPR‐Cas9‐based knockout in vitro and overexpressing PWARSN in the renal cortex by AAV‐9 targeted injection in vivo. A number of molecular techniques disclosed the mechanisms of PWARSN in regulating TXNIP induced‐pyroptosis in DKD. Results: TXNIP‐NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and PTEC pyroptosis were activated in the renal tubules of patients with DKD and in diabetic mice. Then we explored that PWARSN enhanced TXNIP‐driven PTECs pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic PWARSN sponged miR‐372‐3p to promote TXNIP expression. Moreover, nuclear PWARSN interacted and facilitated RNA binding motif protein X‐linked (RBMX) degradation through ubiquitination, resulting in the initiation of TXNIP transcription by reducing H3K9me3‐enrichment at the TXNIP promoter. Further analysis indicated that PWARSN might be a potential biomarker for DKD. Conclusions: These findings illustrate distinct dual molecular mechanisms for PWARSN‐modulated TXNIP and PTECs pyroptosis in DKD, presenting PWARSN as a promising therapeutic target for DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chegu29 wells which distributed from southwest to northeast were selected for the study of Milankovitch cycle. With the help of Matlab software and Wavelet transform toolbox and on the basis of the previously constructed recognition method of Milankovitch cycle, cycles identified from logging data of seven wells were selected and then the dominant Milankovitch cycles recorded in strata were determined. The development regularity of Milankovitch cycle and the development characteristic of delta and basin were revealed, the age of strata was calibrated by the analysis of sedimentary rate and depositional thickness. It is found that Milankovitch cycles are widely developed in Chezhen Sag. The development of the low-frequency informations is inferior to the high-frequency ones. The delta and basin exhibit difference of expansion-shrinking-expansion from southwest to northeast, the relatively low-frequency cycles (Eccentricity) are prone to be preserved in the stratum whose sedimentary rate is lower, the high-frequency ones (Precession, Obliquity) are prone to be preserved in the stratum whose sedimentary fate is higher. According to calculation, the age of top boundary of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation ranges from 31.5 to 32. 5 Ma, and the age of top boundary of the Member 2 of Shahejie Formation is from 32. 7 to 33. 2 Ma. The ages of the uppermost strata of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation of Chegu29, Che35, Chegu203, Dagu63 wells are 32. 4,32. 4,32. 1,32. 5 Ma respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV transmission among men who have sex with men has recently become a major concern in China. Little is known, however, about HIV transmission among male sex workers (MSW). This study aimed to investigate HIV infection prevalence and risk factors among MSW in Shenzhen, China. Materials and Methods: Following formative research, a cross-sectional study was conducted using time-location sampling among MSW in Shenzhen, from April to July 2008. Behavioural and serological data on HIV and syphilis were collected. The risk factors for HIV infection were analysed using a logistic regression model. Results: In total, 394 MSW were recruited for the survey. The prevalence of HIV and syphilis among these workers was 5.3% and 14.3%, respectively. Only a quarter of the MSW self-identified as homosexual. More than 70% had sex with both men and women. HIV-related knowledge levels were high regardless of HIV serostatus. Consistent condom use was low (37.1%) and varied by type of sexual partner. Factors including more non-commercial male partners, working in small home-based family clubs, being drunk before sexual intercourse, having a history of HIV tests, syphilis infection and a short period of residence in Shenzhen were associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: High-risk sexual practices were common among MSW regardless of their high level of HIV awareness. The working venues were associated with HIV infection and a recent test for HIV was a potential predictor of HIV infection. The time-location sampling method was found to be an appropriate way of recruiting MSW for this study, especially those without fixed working places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between glaucoma and Moscow Eye Microsurgery Complex (Moroz) keratoprosthesis., Methods: Analysis and retrospective review of consecutive clinical case series. A total of 90 patients had a Moroz keratoprosthesis implantation between Apr, 2000 and Jun, 2011 at our hospital.Fifteen eyes of 15 patients were included in this research. Twelve eyes were identified glaucoma before Moroz keratoprosthesis surgery, and 3 eyes developed glaucoma afterward.Intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and treatment of glaucoma were recorded at 1 to 3 months after the Moroz keratoprosthesis implantation., Results: Moroz keratoprosthesis surgery improved vision dramatically in the majority of patients in our study. The most common preoperative corneal diagnosis was alkali burn (8 eyes, 53.3%), which maybe the risk factor of secondary glaucoma after keratoprosthesis surgery.Five of these 15 patients received cyclocryotherapy after the surgery to control elevated IOP. BCVA decreased from 0.8 to 0.2, 0.25 to light perception, 0.3 to 0.1, 0.2 to hand movement, and 0.25 to counting fingers, respectively., Conclusions: Moroz keratoprosthesis caused glaucoma in only a small number of patients.Visual field, optic nerve appearance and IOP were the main diagnostic modalities after Moroz keratoprosthesis implantation.

Background: Our aim was to review the characteristics of transferred fireworks-related ocular damage and to evaluate the prognostic value of the ocular trauma score (OTS) for these injuries., Methods: This study included 22 transferred patients (19 male, 3 female; mean age 22.6±14.9 years) (25 eyes). The data were retrospectively reviewed, including the characteristics of the geography, types of fireworks, status of injuries, therapeutic procedures, and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). All the injured eyes were classified using the OTS at the time of the initial examination., Results: Twenty eyes (80%) were in OTS category 1, three eyes (12%) were in OTS category 2, and two eyes (8%) were in OTS category 3. All cases received surgical therapy. Six eyes (24%) were enucleated, four (16%) of which achieved an improvement in their final BCVA. There was a statistically significant improvement in final BCVA between OTS category 1 and the other two OTS categories (p=0.016)., Conclusion: The aforementioned transferred fireworks-related ocular injury cases occurred mainly in young adults, men and active participants, all of which incurred serious vision loss and blindness. The OTS is quite effective for classifying the status and estimating the prognosis of transferred fireworks-related ocular injuries.

Aim: To construct a Foxp3 lentiviral vector and transfer it into DC2.4 cells, which provides Foxp3+DC cells for further study on its immune modulation., Methods: We cloned mouse Foxp3 gene into lentiviral vector(pGC-FU) and acquired the plasmid pGC-FU-Foxp3. PCR and sequencing analysis were made for verifying the positive clones. The virus packaging plasmids(pGC-FU-Foxp3, pHelper1.0 and pHelper2.0) were contransfected into 293T cells, and the Lentivirus-Foxp3 was harvested from 293T cells. The Lentivirus-Foxp3 was used to infect DC2.4 cells in vitro and the expression of Foxp3 in infected DC2.4 cells was detected with flow cytometry(FCM)., Results: PCR and sequencing revealed that the pGC-FU-Foxp3 plasmid was correctly constructed. The Lentivirus-Foxp3 with a titer of 2×10(8); TU/mL was successfully packaged. Foxp3 expression in DC2.4 cells infected with the Lentivirus-Foxp3 was increased significantly compared with negative control lentivirus., Conclusion: The pGC-FU-Foxp3 plasmid has been successfully constructed and the Lentivirus-Foxp3 has been successfully packaged. Foxp3 can be enhanced in DC cells infected with the Lentivirus-Foxp3.

Objective: To study the cell membrane of corneal endothelium with a micromolecular compound J2 in corneal allograft of rat using atomic force microscopy (AFM)., Methods: Cohort study. Subjects were divided into two groups: group A (n = 15): experimental group; group B (n = 15): placebo control group. At the fifth, tenth, fifteen, twentieth, twenty-fifth day after penetrating keratoplasty, the donor implant was separated from receipt bed, one part of which was stained by HE and the others fixed into AFM sample. Amplitude and height images were obtained in the tapping mode with a scan rate of 2 Hz and an integral gain of 0.3 to 0.5. Statistical analysis was performed using single-factor analysis of variance and P value was calculated., Results: The average transplant survival time in group A was (33.12 ± 6.80) d, and those in group B was (18.87 ± 4.19) d. There were significant difference between two group (F = 47.7449, P = 0.00). There were obvious differences on ultrastructure measured by AFM between two groups. At the fifth day after penetrating keratoplasty, regular hexagonal structure of corneal endothelium was observed by AFM in both two group. The diameter of corneal endothelium was about 15 µm, uneven microstructure of cell could be found. The time being, different changes were arose in two group: a clear microstructure could be found in group A, however the microstructure of cell could not be recognized in group B. One way analysis of variance showed that significant differences on parameters (Ra, Rp and Rv) were found between two groups (P < 0.05). At the fifth day after penetrating keratoplasty, group A: Ra (97.64 ± 31.58) nm, Rp (297.79 ± 25.19) nm, Rv (545.55 ± 25.83) nm; group B: Ra (112.61 ± 34.29) nm, Rp (265.06 ± 24.17) nm, Rv (544.41 ± 21.78) nm (Fa = 30.9416, P = 0.0000; Fp = 263.6018, P = 0.0000; Pv = 1.2013, P = 0.2735). At the tenth day after penetrating keratoplasty, group A: Ra (102.98 ± 32.98) nm, Rp (711.38 ± 21.94) nm, Rv (639.89 ± 22.58) nm; group B: Ra (222.85 ± 31.28) nm, Rp (111.22 ± 20.35) nm, Rv (746.49 ± 23.17) nm (Fa = 2086.4535, P = 0.0000; Fp = 53768.4676, P = 0.0000; Pv = 3257.3178, P = 0.0000). At the fifteenth day after penetrating keratoplasty, group A: Ra (87.44 ± 34.97) nm, Rp (344.18 ± 21.09) nm, Rv (482.61 ± 22.27) nm; group B: Ra (197.64 ± 35.72) nm, Rp (510.76 ± 24.98) nm, Rv (545.62 ± 23.17) nm (Fa = 1458.1057, P = 0.0000; Fp = 7788.6963, P = 0.0000; Pv = 1153.2860, P = 0.0000). At the twentieth day after penetrating keratoplasty, group A: Ra (85.85 ± 32.53) nm, Rp (348.69 ± 21.26) nm, Rv (367.65 ± 23.12) nm; group B: Ra (201.36 ± 34.12) nm, Rp (788.58 ± 20.34) nm, Rv (563.33 ± 21.01) nm (Fa = 1801.1215, P = 0.0000; Fp = 67 057.9516, P = 0.0000; Fv = 11 770.2195, P = 0.0000). At the twenty-fifth day after penetrating keratoplasty, group A: Ra (104.97 ± 32.47) nm, Rp (395.05 ± 20.38) nm, Rv (396.17 ± 21.59) nm; group B: Ra (43.85 ± 31.28) nm, Rp (249.88 ± 20.79) nm, Rv (154.88 ± 22.37) nm (Fa = 551.4134, P = 0.0000; Fp = 7458.9255, P = 0.0000; Pv = 18 070.5189, P = 0.0000)., Conclusions: The morphology and ultrastructure of corneal endothelium in group A with J2 were different from group B by observation with AFM. J2 was an effect micromolecular in prevention of corneal allograft rejection.

Objective: To investigate patient's visual experience during vitreous surgery under local anesthesia., Methods: A prospective and randomized study of 76 patients that underwent vitreous surgeries in our hospital between July 2010 and December 2010 was designed. All patients were interviewed half an hour before and within 1 hour after the surgery using a standardized questionnaire. Basic characteristics of patients and their intraoperative visual experiences like light, color, moving object, pain, fear, and the desire for general anesthesia before and after the surgery were recorded., Results: Sixty patients (78.9%) perceived at least light perception, and 16 patients (21.1%) got no light perception throughout the entire duration of the operation. Forty one patients (53.9%) perceived only light, while 19 patients (25%) experienced moving objects. Thirty nine patients (51.3%) were frightened during their intraoperative visual experiences. Patients with better preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were more likely to be frightened (p=0.002). The frightened experience was affected notably by the different perceptions during operation, moving object (p=0.024), light (p=0.071), and color (p=0.071). Patients below 50 years old, especially from 20 to 30, were more likely to choose general anesthesia after the vitreous surgery., Conclusions: Most patients (78.9%) experienced at least light perception during the vitreous surgery under local anesthesia. There were no significant differences between the various visual experiences and their basic characteristics. Patients with better preoperative BCVA, perceived moving objects in their visual sensations seemed more likely to be frightened.

Corneal crosslink through UVA-riboflavin photochemistry has been shown to be an effective treatment for keratoconus, related keratectasias and infectious melting keratitis that did not respond to systemic therapy. It is a new approach to increase the mechanical and biochemical stability of the stromal tissue. The purpose of this paper is to review the basic principle, procedure, laboratory and clinical researches about corneal crosslink. In the current situation, it can state only that UVA-riboflavin induced corneal crosslink leads in the majority of the cases to a halt of the progression, and the complications of the corneal endothelial cells, crystalline lens and retina seem to be rare.