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Background We aimed to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of linezolid in children for treating suspected and diagnosed Gram-positive bacterial infections. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted up to April 23, 2021, using linezolid and its synonyms as search terms. Two reviewers independently identified and extracted relevant randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. The extracted studies were included in a single-rate meta-analysis of adverse events and clinical outcomes using random-effects models. Results A total of 1082 articles were identified, and nine studies involving 758 children were included in the meta-analysis. The overall proportion of adverse events was 8.91% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.64%–36.52%], with diarrhea (2.24%), vomiting (2.05%), and rash (1.72%) being the most common. The incidences of thrombocytopenia and anemia were 0.68% and 0.16%, respectively. Some specific adverse events, including rash and gastrointestinal events, were more frequent in the oral administration subgroup. In terms of efficacy, the overall proportion of clinical improvement was 88.80% (95% CI = 81.31%–93.52%). Children with a history of specific bacteriological diagnosis or concomitant antibiotic therapy had a 1.13-fold higher clinical improvement than children without such histories. The proportion of microbial eradication was 92.68% (95% CI = 84.66%–96.68%). The proportion of all-cause mortality was 0.16% (95% CI = 0.00%–7.75%). Conclusions Linezolid was well-tolerated in pediatric patients and was associated with a low frequency of adverse events, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Moreover, linezolid was effective in children with diagnosed and suspected Gram-positive infections.

Eleutherococcus senticosus fruit (ESF) is a natural health supplement resource that has been extensively applied as a tonic for the nervous system. The structures and neural bioactivities of triterpenoid saponins (TS), which are the major constituents of ESF, have not been comprehensively analyzed thus far.We conducted a complete in-depth MS/MS molecular networking (MN)-based targeted analysis of TS from the crude extract of ESF and investigated its neuroprotective value.An MS/MS MN-guided strategy was used to rapidly present a series of precursor ions (PIs) of TS in a compound cluster as TS-targeted information used in the discovery and characterization of TS. In addition, a prepared TS-rich fraction of ESF was assayed for its restraining effects on β-amyloid-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth.A total of 87 TS were discovered using a PI tracking strategy, 28 of which were characterized as potentially undescribed structures according to their high-resolution MS values. Furthermore, the TS-rich fraction can significantly reduce β-amyloid-induced damage to neural networks by promoting the outgrowth of neurites and axons.Our findings reveal the richness of TS in ESF and will accelerate their application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Further investigation of theoretical models is essential to physically understand triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and then promote their extensive applications. Theoretical approaches in the existing studies mainly focus on establishing equivalent circuits, which provide a rapid analysis method but with relatively low precision. Therefore, we propose a field-view model to theoretically analyze the physical mechanism of TENGs, which reveals high efficiency and great accuracy. After the comprehensive study, it is determined that the dynamic behavior of TENGs in a single approaching/separating cycle could be regarded as a time series of electrostatic equilibrium problems. Thus, based on Laplace's equations and potential boundary conditions, a definite-solution-problem model is developed, which could provide explicit mathematical expressions to ultra-precisely predict the electrical characteristics of TENG.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the formation of ozone and fine particles in the troposphere. Industrial parks emit significant amounts of VOCs in China, while few studies have characterized them. In the present study, a mobile platform was employed to measure the levels and composition VOCs around industrial parks in the Yangzte River Delta region. The average concentration of VOCs ranged from 39 μg·m

To assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on medical staff and the general public. During the outbreak of COVID-19, an internet-based questionnaire included The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the impact of the pandemic situation on the mental health of medical staff and general population in Wuhan and its surrounding areas. Among the 1493 questionnaires completed, 827 (55.39%) of these were men, and 422 (28.27%) of these were medical personnel. The results suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected individuals significantly, the degree of which is related to age, sex, occupation and mental illness. There was a significant difference in PSS-10 and IES-R scores between the medical staff and the general population. The medical staff showed higher PSS-10 scores (16.813 ± 4.87) and IES-R scores (22.40 ± 12.12) compared to members of the general population PSS-10 (14.80 ± 5.60) and IES-R scores (17.89 ± 13.08). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the SDS scores of medical staff (44.52 ± 12.36) and the general public (43.08 ± 11.42). In terms of the need for psychological assistance, 50.97% of interviewees responded that they needed psychological counseling, of which medical staff accounted for 65.87% and non-medical staff accounted for 45.10%. During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, great attention should be paid to the mental health of the population, especially medical staff, and measures such as psychological intervention should be actively carried out for reducing the psychosocial effects.

Purpose: To assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on medical staff and the general public.Methods: During the outbreak of COVID-19, an internet-based questionnaire included The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the impact of the epidemic situation on the mental health of medical staff and general population in Wuhan and its surrounding areas.Results: The results suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected individuals significantly, the degree of which is related to age, sex, occupation and mental illness. There was a significant difference in PSS-10 and IES-R scores between the medical staff and the general population. The medical staff showed higher PSS-10 scores (16.813 ± 4.87) and IES-R scores (22.40 ± 12.12) compared to members of the general population PSS-10 (14.80 ± 5.60) and IES-R scores (17.89 ± 13.08). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the SDS scores of medical staff (44.52 ± 12.36) and the general public (43.08 ± 11.42). In terms of the need for psychological assistance, 50.97% of interviewees responded that they needed psychological counseling, of which medical staff accounted for 65.87% and non-medical staff accounted for 45.10%.Conclusion: During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, great attention should be paid to the mental health of the population, especially medical staff, and measures such as psychological intervention should be actively carried out for reducing the psychosocial effects.

Background and Aim The Chinese version Quality of Life Questionnaire for Functional Digestive Disorders (Chin-FDDQL) is a useful health assessment instrument for functional dyspepsia. This study aims to identify its score interpretation for clinical practice. Methods Data of Chin-FDDQL from the FD patients (≥18yrs) between Nov. 2009 and Apr. 2013 were enrolled in the 1st and 14th day. After baseline and responsiveness analysis, the single score interpretation and percentile ranks were established. The statistically reliable change was defined with effect size, standardized response mean, and minimal detectable change (MDC), etc. Then the Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for health improvement was performed to define the clinically important change. Results 202 FD patients, 150 healthy participants and 25 missing data were enrolled for analysis. Compared with the intake patients, the discharged and health persons have significant better health status in all domains (P

Prediction of Air Quality Index (AQI) is of great significance to the economic development. The air quality system is a complex system with many factors and layers, and less data is available. Therefore, GM (1,1) model is utilized to predict the AQI. However, as AQI is affected by seasonal factors, the classical GM (1,1) model cannot accurately predict it at present. The AQI of Nanjing city from 2014 to 2017 is compared with the prediction results based on classical GM (1,1) model, GM(1,1) seasonal index model and the linear regression model. The result shows that the prediction results of GM (1,1) seasonal index model is the most accurate. Finally, GM (1,1) seasonal index model is used to forecast the future trend of AQI for Nanjing from 2018 to 2022, the average AQI of each quarter is less than 50 by 2022. This paper can provide various helps for government scientific decision-making.

By applying the electrocapillary rise wetting, ECRW, with varied voltages and solvents to wet lignin and polyacrylonitrile, PAN, respectively, this work proven that this method can in situ enhance the surface free energy and polarity of polymers. Results showed that the voltage increase can in situ enhance the adsorption of only polar solvent by polymer to lead the reduction of related contact angle because of the adsorption of non-polar solvent by polymer ignoring the voltage variety. The diiodomethane was greatly adsorbed by both lignin and PAN due to the surface free energy of these polymers dominated by the non-polar Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction component. The voltage increase would enhance the Lewis acid-base interaction component of polymer to cause the enhancement of the surface free energy and polarity of polymers. This work showed that the polymer structure corresponding to the Lewis base may have different electric responses because the voltage increase has been found to cause the Lewis base component enhancement for ring structure-based polymer, e.g. lignin, and reduction for isotacticity structure-based polymer, e.g. PAN.

Several polyaniline, PANI, nanofibers, with controlled morphology and chiroptical properties were fabricated by using two developed unusual interfacial syntheses, UIS. Taking the l - and d -camphorsulfonic acid, CSA, as guiders, the first developed UIS is to prepare the bi-phase volumes in asymmetrical by setting the top phase volume/bottom phase volume, TPV/BPV, at 1/2 and 2/1 (vol%), respectively. The second developed UIS is to vary the diameter, Φ, of interfacial area at bigger, e.g. 71 mm, or smaller e.g. 52 mm, respectively. FESEM images showed that the reduction of the TPV and the increase of the interfacial area both would reduce the diameter of l / d -CSA doped PANI nanofibers. CD spectra showed that the reduction of the TPV and the increase of the interfacial area both would enhance the chiroptical properties of PANI nanofibers.

Electric-assisted capillary rise adsorption of polar and nonpolar solvents by cellulose and chitosan was studied by employing an electrostatic generator to assist a common capillary rise wetting by taking the anode and cathode electrodes respectively linked to a metal tube charged with samples and the probe solvent. To vary the voltage at 0, 100, 200, and 300 V, respectively, the recorded dynamic adsorption results showed that the cellulose and chitosan both kept a stable adsorption of the nonpolar hexane and diiodomethane, obviously ignoring the voltage increase. Moreover, the hexane amount adsorbed by cellulose and chitosan is similar, while the diiodomethane amount was adsorbed to a greater amount by cellulose as compared with the chitosan corresponding to these two biomaterials-based nonpolar components, for example, greater for cellulose and smaller for chitosan. Results also showed that the adsorption of polar water and formamide was gradually increased with the voltage increase, especially for chitosan, to correspond to the polar component of these materials, for example, greater for chitosan and smaller for cellulose. These adsorption behaviors suggested that the application of an extra electric field can only enhance the adsorption of polar solvent, and the molecular structure, for exmaple, the β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine units of chitosan, has sensitive electric field responses in polar solvent adsorption as compared with those of the β(1-4)-linked d-glucose units of cellulose. The reason for the electric adsorption behaviors was known due to the presence of an extra electric-field-induced reduction of the total surface tension of solvent and mainly the polar component.

A new electric method was introduced for reducing graphene oxide, GO. Experimentally, an electrostatic generator was employed to provide varied voltages together with the control of the electrostatic force, EF, in enhancement or reduction, respectively. Results showed that the Raman intensity ratio of D/G bands, ID/IG, for reduced GO, rGO, was increased with the voltage increase, especially under the EF-enhancement condition, and this condition formed rGO also showed flaky structure with the larger size as compared with the EF-reduction formed samples.

Polyaniline (PANI) microfibers were prepared by an unusual interfacial synthesis method. Experimentally, the ANI formed aqueous phase (AP) was placed at the top, and the poly( l -lactide) (PLLA) formed oil phase (OP) was placed at the bottom, while the volume of these two phases was varied by taking the ratio of AP/OP at 2/1 and 1/2, respectively. FESEM images showed that the phase volume variety-based two synthesis processes both can form rectangular PANI microfibers while a comparison found that the AP/OP at 2/1 formed microfibers with smaller diameter and longer length than that of the AP/OP at 1/2 formed samples. This suggested that the increase of the AP volume would benefit the interfacial polymerized PANI with better size.

In this work, tea polyphenol (TP) was employed as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient dopant and thermal stabilizer for polyaniline (PANI). Results from UV, XRD, conductivity, TG and solubility studies indicated that the TP was efficient doped in PANI. To compare with the pure PANI, the TP-doped PANI presented enhanced conductivity, thermal stability and solubility due to the TP doped in PANI chains enhanced the π–π* interaction and facilitated the electron delocalization.

For Yingkou Dashiqiao Xiushui line (Yangfang-Gaokan) test road paving concrete actual situation, the finite element mechanics response analysis of four types of heavy traffic asphalt pavement typical structure under heavy load conditions is analyzed in this paper. The results show that road surface is the most unfavorable position of the asphalt pavement structure under the overloading traffic conditions; Overloading can make the surface layer and base bending tensile stress, tensile strain greatly increased; Overloading will lead to the interlayer shear stress increased dramatically, and shear stress mainly acts on the surface area. The results can provide numerical analysis and theoretical basis for heavy traffic asphalt pavement structure design in the future.

The Chinese version quality of life questionnaire for functional digestive disorders (Chin-FDDQL) is a useful health assessment instrument for functional dyspepsia. This study aims to identify its score interpretation for clinical practice.Data of Chin-FDDQL from the functional dyspepsia patients (≥ 18 years) between November 2009 and April 2013 were enrolled in the 1st and 14th day. After baseline and responsiveness analysis, the single score interpretation and percentile ranks were established. The statistically reliable change was defined with effect size, standardized response mean, minimal detectable change, and others. Then the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for health improvement was performed to define the clinically important change.Two hundred two functional dyspepsia patients, 150 healthy participants, and 25 missing data were enrolled for analysis. Compared with the intake patients, the discharged and healthy persons have significant better health status in all domains (P 0.001, expect discomfort in discharged people, P = 0.142), totally contrast to missing data. The reliability for single total intake and discharge were both ± 1. Based on score distribution, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile ranks were 49, 58, and 66 for intake scores and 59, 65, and 72 for discharge scores, respectively. The minimal detectable change and Reliable Change Index were 6 and 11 for total score. Receiver operating characteristic analyses supported that total score changes 4 or more represented minimal clinically important improvement.The score interpretation system of the Chin-FDDQL could assist clinician's decision making during the therapy practice.

Cytisine (Cy) is one of the alkaloids that exist naturally in the plant genera Laburnum of the family Fabaceae. With strong bioactivities, Cy is commercialized for smoking cessation for years. In this work, the study of intermolecular interactions between Cy and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was performed by applying fluorescence spectroscopic methods under simulated physiological conditions. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of BSA by Cy was also studied. Parameters such as bathing temperature, time and solution pH were investigated to optimize the fluorescence quenching. The binding type, binding ratio and binding constant between BSA and Cy were calculated by using the Stem-Volmer equation. Experimental results indicated that Cy can quench the fluorescent emission of BSA statically by forming a 1 : 1 type non-covalent complex and the binding constant is 5.6 x 10(3) L x mol(-1). Synchronous fluorescence spectral research shows Cy may affect the fluorescence emission of Trp residues of BSA. Furthermore, molecular docking is utilized to model the complex and probe the plausible quenching mechanism. It can be noted that the hydrogen bindings and hydrophobic interactions between Cy and BSA change the micro-environment of Trp213, which leads to the fluorescence quenching of BSA.

The high low-frequency sound pressure level generated by pile driving activities of offshore wind farms is harmful to marine life. Thus, it is important to devise a noise mitigation method to minimize the noise impact in the marine environment. We propose to deploy balloon arrays with existing marine structure of pile driving activities to reduce the noise impact region defined by the PTS/TTS bound of marine mammals during the offshore operation. The effectiveness of noise reduction is verified in the tank experiment. The field test would be done in the Spring as the piling program of offshore windfarm in Taiwan would be executed on schedule. It would prove the effectiveness of noise reduction with the deployment of balloon arrays. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China (under Project#: MOST 103-3113-E-002-002-CC2).

Retrieval of ground reflectance spectrum from satellite sensor digital count requires knowledge of the atmospheric conditions. Images of spectral radiance from ground-atmosphere system recorded by the multi-spectral imager ETM which boarded Landsat-7 sensor can retrieve the ground reflectivity spectrum. The uncertainty of reflectance spectrum retrieval is no more than 17% at the band 1 of ETM, and less than 10% at the band 2 and 3 of ETM. It is superior to those arithmetics widely used at present. Retrieval of ground radiance spectrum from ground-atmosphere system can be used to synthesize the sRGB true color image, but the definition is not excellent. And it was proved that the color of the images can not reflect the actual nature of earth objects before being adjusted. And the accuracy of interpretation based on true color synthesized images is superior to those based on the source images. So the precision of such reflectance spectrum retrieval is not as good as expected if applied to the true color photography on the ground.