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Abstract Background Evaluation of vestibular graviceptive pathway (VGP) in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (UPVD) has received increasing attention from researchers. The study aimed to investigate the value of VGP evaluation in the diagnosis of UPVD. Methods Ninety‐five UPVD patients were divided into attack and remission phase groups. VGP evaluation‐related indicators, including subjective visual vertical (SVV), subjective visual horizontal (SVH), head tilt, ocular torsion (OT), and skew deviation (SD), were measured, and their correlations with cochleovestibular function test results were analyzed. The possible etiologies of contralesional VGP (c‐VGP) were analyzed. Results Positive rates of SVV, SVH, OT, and SD were significantly higher, and the degrees of SVV, SVH, and OT were significantly greater in the attack phase group than the remission phase group. The sides with abnormal VGP evaluation results were correlated with the sides with hearing loss, abnormal caloric, and video head impulse test (vHIT) results. A total of 14 patients showed c‐VGP, and possible etiologies included contralateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (n = 4), bilateral hearing loss (n = 8), bilateral vHIT gain reduction (n = 1), autoimmune diseases (n = 6), vascular risk factors (n = 6), lacunar infarction (n = 3), and endolymphatic hydrops (n = 3). Conclusions Alterations in SVV, SVH, OT, and SD were noted in UPVD patients in different phases, which are presumed to be related to dynamic vestibular compensation; correlations between VGP evaluation results and cochleovestibular function test results indicate that VGP evaluation may be helpful for the diagnosis of the side affected in UPVD; the presence of c‐VGP may be related to bilateral labyrinth lesions or endolymphatic hydrops on the affected side; and the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms also deserves attention.

ObjectiveTo determine the topical diagnosis and etiologies of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) with an upbeat component.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited 43 patients with SN with an upbeat component at a university hospital in China from 2020 to 2022. SN with an upbeat component was divided into pure upbeat nystagmus (UBN), SN with a predominant upbeat component, and SN with a non-predominant upbeat component. We analyzed their clinical and neurotologic findings and the final diagnosis.ResultsFourteen (32.6%) of them showed pure UBN, while 29 (67.4%) exhibited SN mixed with an upbeat component, mixed upbeat-horizontal in 15, mixed upbeat-horizontal-torsional in 13, and upbeat-torsional in the remaining one. Pure UBN and SN with a predominant upbeat component were more common in central than in peripheral vestibular disorders [16 (80.0%) vs. 0 (0%), Chi-Square test, p < 0.001]. Central vestibular disorders were diagnosed in 20 (46.5%) patients, peripheral in 14 (32.6%), and undetermined in nine (20.9%) patients. The underlying causes mainly included acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy (n = 11), posterior circulation infarction (n = 9), benign recurrent vertigo (n = 4), vestibular migraine (VM, n = 3), and VM of childhood (n = 2).ConclusionSN with an upbeat component can be seen in both central and peripheral vestibular disorders. Pure UBN was a characteristic sign of central vestibular dysfunction. Central vestibular disorders should be highly suspected when patients show pure UBN or SN with a predominant upbeat component.

Introduction: Polypharmacy are commonly observed among older adults with cardiovascular disease. However, multiple medications lead to increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Therefore, identification and prevention actions related to harmful DDIs are expected in older adults. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of potential DDIs (pDDIs) in discharge prescriptions among older adults with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary public hospital in Beijing, China. CCS patients aged 65 years and above who were admitted to cardiology wards over a 3-month period and alive at discharge were included. Electronic medical records and discharge prescriptions were reviewed. pDDIs were evaluated through the Lexi-Interact online.Results: pDDIs were identified in 72.9% of the 402 individuals (n = 293). A total of 864 pDDIs were obtained. 72.1% of patients were found with C DDIs (n = 290) and 20.3% were categorized in D and X DDIs (n = 82). The only X DDI was between cyclosporine and atorvastatin. Under category D, glycemia alterations within antidiabetics and increased chances of bleeding with antithrombotic were the most common. Concomitant use of clopidogrel and calcium channel blockers was a frequent situation within category C, followed by synergic blood pressure lowering agents and increased rosuvastatin concentration induced by clopidogrel.Conclusion: DDIs exposure was common in older CCS. DDIs screening tools should be introduced to alert potential adverse effects. Prescribers need to rigorously review or modulate therapies to prevent DDI-related adverse outcomes. Clinical pharmacists should be more involved in complex drug regimen management.

Background: Hepatic inflow occlusion proceeded to reduce blood loss during hepatectomy induces ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the remnant liver. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist used as an anesthetic adjuvant, has been shown to attenuate IR injury in preclinical and clinical studies. However, a meta-analysis is needed to systematically evaluate the protective effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine use on IR injury induced by hepatectomy.Methods: A prospectively registered meta-analysis following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines concerning perioperative dexmedetomidine use on IR injury after hepatectomy was performed via searching Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and Sinomed for eligible randomized controlled trials up to 2021.3.31. The main outcome is postoperative liver function. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata12.0 were applied to perform data analyses.Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 468 participants were included. Compared with 0.9% sodium chloride, dexmedetomidine decreased serum concentration of ALT (WMD = −66.54, 95% CI: −92.10–−40.98), AST (WMD= −82.96, 95% CI: −106.74–−59.17), TBIL (WMD = −4.51, 95% CI: −7.32–−1.71), MDA (WMD = −3.09, 95% CI: −5.17–−1.01), TNF-α (WMD = −36.54, 95% CI: −61.33–−11.95) and IL-6 (WMD = −165.05, 95% CI: −225.76–−104.34), increased SOD activity (WMD = 24.70, 95% CI: 18.09–31.30) within postoperative one day. There was no significant difference in intraoperative or postoperative recovery parameters between groups.Conclusions: Perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine can exert a protective effect on liver IR injury after hepatectomy. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate postoperative recovery outcomes of dexmedetomidine with different dosing regimens.

N-nitrosamines, which are well-known pro-mutagens, are found in drugs, pickled food and tobacco. Therefore, controlling their concentrations is very important. When an HPLC, GC or NMR analysis is conducted to investigate certain asymmetrical N-nitrosamines, two sets of signals attributed to the asymmetric N-nitrosamine isomers are usually observed. However, few reports on the NMR assignment of asymmetrical N-nitrosamine isomers have been published. In this study, we investigated the NMR assignments of the Z/E isomers of six asymmetrical N-nitrosamines by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The configuration of the major isomer of asymmetrical N-nitrosamine 3 was the Z-configuration. The configuration of the major isomers of asymmetrical N-nitrosamines 4–7 was the E-configuration. Then, we determined the Z/E ratios of these asymmetrical N-nitrosamines by means of variable temperature (VT) and room temperature (RT) 1H-NMR experiments. The ratios of the Z/E isomer 3 quickly increased beyond 100% in the VT 1H NMR experiments. The ratios of Z/E isomers 4–7 were increased in the range of 10–60% in the VT 1H NMR experiments. The results of this study indicate that identifying the isomers of asymmetrical N-nitrosamine is necessary to control the quality of N-nitrosamines for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Metal glycinate chelates are formed by glycine and metal compounds through chemical reactions. Calcium glycinate, magnesium glycinate and zinc glycinate are kinds of new-type and ideal nutrient supplements, which have satisfactory physico-chemical properties and bioactivities. They are important for prophylaxis and treat metal deficiency. The structural characterization shows that the metal ion is bonded to the amino and carboxyl group to form two five-membered rings. This paper mainly studies the structure characterization of the metal chelated glycinates by their solubility, infrared spectrum, thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, polycrystal diffraction, the metal contents and glycine contents of calcium glycinate, magnesium glycinate and zinc glycinate.

Depression is a type of complex psychiatric disorder with long-term, recurrent bouts, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Here, an integrated approach utilizing (1)H NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS together was firstly used for a comprehensive urinary metabonomics study on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) treated rats. More than twenty-nine metabolic pathways were disturbed after CUMS treatment and thirty-six potential biomarkers were identified by using two complementary analytical technologies. Among the identified biomarkers, nineteen (10, 11, 16, 17, 21-25, and 27-36) were firstly reported as potential biomarkers of CUMS-induced depression. Obviously, this paper presented a comprehensive map of the metabolic pathways perturbed by CUMS and expanded on the multitude of potential biomarkers that have been previously reported in the CUMS model. Four metabolic pathways, including valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; tryptophan metabolism; synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies had the deepest influence in the pathophysiologic process of depression. Fifteen potential biomarkers (1-2, 4-6, 15, 18, 20-23, 27, 32, 35-36) involved in the above four metabolic pathways might become the screening criteria in clinical diagnosis and predict the development of depression. Moreover, the results of Western blot analysis of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the hippocampus of CUMS-treated rats indicated that depletion of 5-HT and tryptophan, production of 5-MT and altered expression of DDC and IDO together played a key role in the initiation and progression of depression. In addition, none of the potential biomarkers were detected by NMR and LC-MS simultaneously which indicated the complementary of the two kinds of detection technologies. Therefore, the integration of (1)H NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS in metabonomics study provided an approach to identify the comprehensive potential depression-related biomarkers and helpful in further understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of depression through the disturbance of metabolic pathways.

In the state of acute myocardial ischemia, miRNA expression can regulate related genes and proteins, reduce myocardial cell damage, and thus play a protective role in the myocardium. However, the specific mechanism still needs to be further explored. Recent studies have found that the opening of the mitoKATP channel can regulate mitochondrial autophagy, and the initiation of miRNA-DNA methylation plays a regulatory role in inducing cell autophagy. The applicant research team previously found that Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pills could significantly improve myocardial ischemia by mediating MitokATP channels to regulate mitochondrial autophagy., and animal experiments have confirmed that miR-155 plays a significant role in the aspect of autophagy regulates, inflammatory reaction and Vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Therefore, the applicant innovatively proposed that Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pills can regulate miRNA155-DNA methylation to mediate the opening of mitoKATP, thereby regulating mitochondrial autophagy and improving myocardial ischemia. In this paper, the association between mitochondrial autophagy and oxidative stress injury after myocardial ischemia was described, and the possible mechanism of Qisen Yiqi dropping pills regulating mitochondrial autophagy by regulating miRNA155-DNA methylation to mediate MitokATP to improve myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury was discussed, so as to provide theoretical ideas for related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills serum on KATP channel opening and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of hypoxic/reoxygenated H9C2 cardiocytes. Methods: H9C2 cardiocytes cultured in vitro were randomly divided into five groups, A: H9C2 cell group B: H9C2 cells +H2O2 model group C:H9C2 cells +H2O2 model + Qishen Yiqi group D:H9C2 cells +H2O2 model + Qishen Yiqi +wort group E:H9C2 cells +H2O2 model + Qishenyiqi +5-HD group, the drug intervention is according to the corresponding conditions. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell activity of each group; Western blot was used to detect the expression of AKT and P-Akt proteins in myocardial cells in each group. The current was recorded by the standard patch clamp whole cell recording method, and the current was collected and analyzed by Pclamp6.0 software. Results: CCK-8 test results showed that compared with group A, the activity of myocardial cells in group B was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); compared with group B, the difference in group C was statistically significant (P<0.01); compared with C, cardiomyocyte activity in D and E group were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); WB results showed that compared with A, p-Akt protein expression in B, C, D and E groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01); compared with group B, p-Akt protein expression in C, D and E group were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference in AKT expression among groups (P>0.05); The results of whole cell patch clamp experiment showed that the outward current of B was significantly increased compared with that of A, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.01); compared with group B, cardiomyocytes in group C further increased the outward current, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.01); compared with C, the current of D and E group were significantly decreased, with statistical significance between groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: QishenYiqi dropping pills can protect cardiomyocytes by activating p-Akt protein expression and KATP channel opening in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of PDCD4 on the degree of arterial stenosis in "blood stasis" coronary heart disease. Methods: Select 80 patients with coronary heart disease in the Second Cardiovascular Zone of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in April 2020, and divide them into the "phlegm toxin" group (n=40) and the "phlegm stasis" group (n=40) based on the dialectics of traditional Chinese medicine.). Record the gender, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption of the subjects between the two groups, and detect their white blood cell count, neutrophil count, platelet count, platelet volume, platelet distribution width, blood creatinine, uric acid, cystatin, and fibrin The expression levels of original, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein a, apolipoprotein b, and PDCD4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the risk factors that affect coronary plaque formation, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of each index was established to evaluate the severity of coronary stenosis in patients with stasis coronary heart disease by each index and combined index Diagnostic efficiency. Results: The two groups of patients were tested in terms of gender, age, smoking, drinking, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein-a, apolipoprotein-b, white blood cell count, neutrophil The cell count, platelet count, platelet volume width and platelet distribution width were not statistically significant (P>0.05); the expression levels of hypersensitivity-C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, cystatin, uric acid and PDCD4 were statistically significant between the two groups Difference (P<0.05), and the corresponding hypersensitivity-C-reactive protein, creatinine, cystatin, uric acid and PDCD4 expression levels in the blood stasis group were higher than those in the phlegm blood stasis group. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of PDCD4 in peripheral blood [OR=31.088, 95%CI (2.498, 3.869)] was an independent influencing factor of the "stagnation" type of coronary heart disease, and PDCD4 was diagnosed as the "stagnation" type of coronary heart disease The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 88.6%, 95%CI (1.894, 2.532) (P=0.29); the level of PDCD4 in peripheral blood is positively correlated with the number and severity of coronary artery disease, the number of coronary artery disease and stenosis The greater the degree, the higher the detection value of PDCD4, (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression level of PDCD4 in peripheral blood is closely related to the subtype of "stasis toxin" and the severity of coronary vascular stenosis. It can be used as a quantitative diagnostic index for the diagnosis of "stasis toxin" coronary heart disease and the severity of coronary vascular stenosis. Keywords: programmed death factor 4; stasis toxin; coronary heart disease; atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of Qishengyiqi drop pill combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on angiogenesis and cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction through in vitro cell molecular biology experiments. Methods: The animals used in this experiment were male mice with eGFP +/-. Sixty mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20): myocardial infarction group (MI + PBS), myocardial infarction + mesenchyme plasma stem cell transplantation group (MI + MSCs) and myocardial infarction + Qishenyiqi drip pill combined with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group (MI + MSCs + QSYQ). Qishenyiqi dripping pills were prepared into a medicinal solution with a concentration of 3.9 mg / mL with distilled water. The MI + MSCs + QSYQ group was orally administered with 0.1 mL / kg / day, and the other two groups were orally administered with an equal amount of normal saline. Mice in each group were adaptively fed continuously for 2 weeks, and the myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery by thoracic ligation. Twenty-four hours after the model was established, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the tibia of the mice and injected intracardiacly Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted, and multiple injections were made around the myocardial infarction area of mice. The control group was injected with the same amount of PBS. 0h, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after cell transplantation, observe the stem cell morphology under a microscope; on day 7 of cell transplantation, track the expression of eGFP-positive cells with a fluorescence microscope; before modeling, 14 and 21 days after cell transplantation, use Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. After 21 days of modeling, the mice were sacrificed, and heart samples were taken. The angiogenesis of the mice was observed by immunohistochemical staining and microvascular density determination. Results: The morphological growth of transplanted stem cells was proportional to the time of cell transplantation. Compared with MI+ PBS group, CD90.2 and y6A were highly expressed on the surface of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MI+ MSCs group and MI+ MSCs + QSYQ group, while CD31 and CD117 were almost not expressed. On the 21st day after stem cell transplantation, the values of LVDd and LVSD in MI+ MSCs + QSYQ group were significantly lower than those in MI+ PBS group and MI+ MSCs group. At the same time, LVEF and LVFS increased significantly. The results of quantitative immunohistochemical analysis showed that the angiogenesis density in the MI + MSCs + QSYQ group increased significantly, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Qishen Yiqi dripping pills combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can not only promote angiogenesis in mice with myocardial infarction, but also play a positive role in improving cardiac function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the correlation between plasma lipopolysaccharide and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease risk factors and plaque stability. Methods: 136 patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to the results of IVUS, they were divided into stable plaques (stable plaques, SP) group of 72 patients With 64 cases in the Unstable plaques (UP) group, venous blood was drawn from the two groups of patients for blood lipid and lipopolysaccharide index detection, and the general baseline data of the two groups were recorded; the structural characteristics of the intravascular ultrasound plaques in the two groups were analyzed. To study the influencing factors of unstable plaques, the correlation between lipopolysaccharide and plaque structural characteristics, and the diagnostic efficacy of unstable plaques. Results: The expression levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and LPS in the UP group were higher than those in the SP group (P<0.05), and the high-density lipoprotein expression levels were lower than those in the SP group (P=0.035); and the intravascular ultrasound structure of the plaque was UP The lipid pool area, the ratio of lipid pool to plaque area, the plaque eccentricity index, and the maximum plaque thickness of the group were higher than those of the SP group (P<0.05), and the minimum plaque thickness was smaller than that of the SP group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); LPS was positively correlated with cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein, lipid pool area, ratio of lipid pool to plaque area, plaque eccentricity index, and maximum plaque thickness by Pearson correlation test (P<0.05), Is negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (P=0.021); LPS is a risk factor for coronary plaque stability, and HDL is a protective factor for coronary plaque stability by binary logistic regression test. The difference is statistically significant Scientific significance (P=0.049, P=0.002); LPS diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability ROC area under the curve (AUC) is 0.889, 95% CI is (0.805, 0.974), the best diagnosis point is 57.485 mg/L, the sensitivity is 80.60%, and the specificity is 73.70%. Conclusion: Plasma lipopolysaccharide is a risk factor of unstable plaque, which has certain diagnostic value for coronary artery plaque, and can be used as a quantitative diagnostic index of plaque vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron carbide (B4C) coatings have high reflectivity and are widely used as mirrors for free-electron lasers in the x-ray range. However, B4C coatings fabricated by direct-current magnetron sputtering show a strong compressive stress of about −3 GPa. By changing the argon gas pressure and nitrogen-argon gas mixing ratio, we are able to reduce the intrinsic stress to less than −1 GPa for a 50-nm-thick B4C coating. It is found that the stress in a coating deposited at 10 mTorr is −0.69 GPa, the rms roughness of the coating surface is 0.53 nm, and the coating reflectivity is 88%, which is lower than those of coatings produced at lower working pressures. When the working gas contains 8% nitrogen and 92% argon, the B4C coating shows not only −1.19 GPa stress but also a low rms roughness of 0.16 nm, and the measured reflectivity is 93% at the wavelength of 0.154 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the aggregation behaviors of Cr atoms deposited on flat and curved silicone oil substrates by the sputtering technique. It is found that the Cr atoms are prone to form quasi-circular clusters first and then these clusters connect with each other to form ramified or network-shaped aggregates. In the case of a flat liquid surface, large quasi-circular clusters are frequently observed and their sizes increase with the deposition time. In the case of a curved surface with a larger curvature, the Cr atoms and clusters tend to move toward to the oil drop edge, and ramified aggregates with small widths are shaped. In the case of a curved surface with smaller curvature, large quasi-circular clusters and ramified aggregations can coexist. Based on the motion features of the Cr atoms and clusters on different liquid surfaces, various distinct film morphologies are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]