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Zeng-Bing Liu,1 Qiang Li,1 Wen-Xia Liu,1 Xin-Hai Li,1 Kai Ma,1 Yu-Bao Huo,1 Jin-Guang Wang,1 Qing-He Wang,1 Ya-Dong Yu2 1Department of Hand and Foot Surgeries, The No. 4 People’s Hospital of Hengshui, Hengshui, 053000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hand Surgeries, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zeng-Bing Liu, Department of Hand and Foot Surgeries, The No. 4 People’s Hospital of Hengshui, No. 485 of Xinhua West Road, Taocheng District, Hengshui, 053000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 318 2173010, Email drliuzbhfs@outlook.comObjective: The present study aims to explore the (1) clinical effects of the modified Masquelet technique, whose improved Masquelet technique innovates the in vitro plasticity of the bone cement module and prefabricated hollow design, and the Kirschner wire external fixation-assisted autologous bone transplantation technique in the treatment of segmental metacarpophalangeal bone defects and (2) the differences between the two techniques.Methods: The clinical data of 32 patients with segmental metacarpophalangeal bone defects (15 patients treated with the modified Masquelet technique and 17 patients treated with the self-made Kirschner wire external fixation technique) admitted to our department between January 2012 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative bone healing time, hand function, and complications were compared between the two groups.Results: The two groups were comparable; there were no significant differences in age, sex, length of bone defect, and time from injury to operation between the two groups (P > 0.05). All patients were followed up with for 6– 24 months (average = 13.7 months), and all patients with segmental metacarpophalangeal bone defects achieved fracture healing. The postoperative hospital stay, fracture healing time, functionary scores of the affected limb, and incidence of severe complications were better in the modified group than in the external fixation group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Compared with the Kirschner wire external fixation stent assisted autologous bone transplantation, the improved Masquelet technique has the advantages of simple operation, fast healing, accurate effect, wide indications, and less complications, making it more worthy of clinical promotion.Keywords: segmental metacarpophalangeal bone defect, modified, Masquelet technique, curative effect