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Abstract Background Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) arising from different portions of the communicating vein of the left ventricular summit (summit-CV) are not a rare phenomenon. Whereas its electrocardiographic (ECG) and electrophysiological characteristics are not fully investigated. Objective This study aimed to identify distinct ECG and electrophysiological features of IVAs originating from different portions of summit-CV. Methods Nineteen patients confirmed arising from summit-CV were included in this study. Results The 19 patients were divided into proximal and distal portion groups based on their target sites in summit-CV. In the proximal portion group, 100% (11/11) VAs showed dominant negative (rs or QS) waves in lead I, while in the distal portion group, 87.5% (7/8) showed dominant positive waves (R, Rs or r) (p 4mV, SI3.5mV, RI/SI>0.83, and RV1/SV1< 2.6 indicated a distal portion of summit-CV with the predictive value of 0.909, 1.000, 0.653, 0.972, 0.903, 0.966, respectively. A more positive wave in lead I and a more negative wave in lead V1 indicated more distal origin in summit-CV. Target sites in proximal and distal summit-CV groups showed similar electrophysiological characteristics during mapping. Conclusions There were significant differences in ECG characteristics of VAs at different portions of summit-CV, which could aid pre-procedure planning and facilitate radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) procedures.

Abstract The E‐proteinoid 3 receptor (PTGER3), a member of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) subtype receptor, belongs to the G‐protein‐coupled superfamily of receptors. Animal studies have demonstrated its involvement in salt sensitivity by regulating sodium reabsorption. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of PTGER3 and salt sensitivity, longitudinal blood pressure (BP) changes, and the incidence of hypertension in Chinese adults. A chronic salt intake intervention was conducted involving 514 adults from 124 families in the 2004 Baoji Salt‐Sensitivity Study Cohort in northern China. These participants followed a 3‐day regular baseline diet, followed by a 7‐day low‐salt diet (3.0 g/d) and a 7‐day high‐salt diet (18 g/d), and were subsequently followed for 14 years. The findings revealed a significant relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17482751 of PTGER3 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to high salt intervention. Additionally, SNPs rs11209733, rs3765894, and rs2268062 were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the 14‐year follow‐up period. SNP rs6424414 was significantly associated with longitudinal changes in DBP over 14 years. Finally, SNP rs17482751 showed a significant correlation with the incidence of hypertension over 14 years. These results emphasize the significant role of PTGER3 gene polymorphism in salt sensitivity, longitudinal BP changes, and the development of hypertension in the Chinese population.

To reveal the anti-protein aggregation ability of brazilin (Bra), hematoxylin (Hto) and hematein (Hte) under physiological crowding environment, the macromolecular crowding reagent (polyethylene glycol) was used to construct a simulated crowding environment. Then the inhibition mechanisms of these three structurally similar polyphenol compounds on the aggregation behavior of human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force (AFM) microscope assay. The results showed that they could maintain the stability of the HSA structure, decrease the number of amyloid fibrils and shorten the length of aggregates in crowding environment. Therefore, they inhibited the aggregation process of HSA, and the sequence of the inhibition ability was in the order of Hto>Bra>Hte. Moreover, the presence of crowding reagents could lead to a decrease in the inhibitory activity of these three inhibitors compared to in vitro dilute solution. In conclusion, this study suggested that Hto could be used as a potential protein aggregation inhibitor and a functional food ingredient for the treatment and intervention of amyloid-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo assess the direct economic burden and influencing factors of road traffic injuries in Shanghai, providing a basis for future prevention of road traffic injuries.MethodsInformation of inpatient cases caused by road traffic injuries was collected from 22 pilot hospitals in Shanghai that participated in the registration and reporting system of injury hospitalizations from 2017 to 2020. The main content of the collected information included basic demographic information, total hospitalization costs for injuries, mode of transportation, cause of injury, nature of injury, location of injury, and hospital level. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the average hospitalization costs and length of hospital stay between different years. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the median hospitalization costs and the median length of hospital stay between different years, and the median hospitalization costs of different groups. A full subset regression model in multivariate regression was used to explore the main influencing factors of hospitalization costs.ResultsA total of 4 655 patients were hospitalized with road traffic injuries, including 2 675 males (57.47%) and 1 980 females (42.53%). The average age was (53.84±15.37) years old, with a minimum age of 4 years old and a maximum age of 97 years old. 1 907 patients (40.97%) had non-motor vehicle accidents, and 2 748 patients (59.03%) had motor vehicle accidents. The average hospitalization cost is 23 245.71 yuan, with a median of 9 793.94 yuan. The average length of stay was 13.61 days, with a median stay of 10.00 days. The main factors affecting hospitalization costs included year, nature of injury, location of injury, length of hospital stay, and hospital level.ConclusionRoad traffic injuries seriously affect the health of middle-aged and young people, especially vulnerable road user such as pedestrians and cyclists, causing serious injury and an increase of direct economic burden year by year. Therefore, road traffic injury prevention projects should be actively carried out to reduce the occurrence of injuries.

Abstract Refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable attention due to their stable phase structure and excellent high-temperature properties. In this work, we performed first-principles calculations, coupled with experiments, to explore HEAs with high corrosion resistance. The results revealed that TiNbTa-based HEAs exhibited a lower tendency for corrosion. However, the appearance of local chemical fluctuations (LCFs) increased the corrosion tendency of TiNbTa-based HEAs. Comprehensive SHapley Additive exPlanations analyses uncovered that in a sample with configurational LCFs, the atomic order near the surface was altered. Therefore, corrosion behavior was affected. Based on experiments, the annealed samples exhibited typical chemical segregation and declined corrosion resistance.

Abstract Background To investigate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and further to examine the association of age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation with CMM. Methods This study included 298,984 UK Biobank participants without cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) (including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases, stroke, and hypertension) at baseline. Smoking status was categorized into former, current, and never smokers, with age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation as a proxy for current and former smokers. The multi-state model was performed to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and CMM. Results During a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 59,193 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), 14,090 further developed CMM, and 16,487 died. Compared to former smokers, current smokers had higher risk at all transitions, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.59 (1.55 ∼ 1.63) vs. 1.18 (1.16 ∼ 1.21) (P = 1.48 × 10− 118) from health to FCMD, 1.40 (1.33 ∼ 1.47) vs. 1.09 (1.05 ∼ 1.14) (P = 1.50 × 10− 18) from FCMD to CMM, and 2.87 (2.72 ∼ 3.03) vs. 1.38 (1.32 ∼ 1.45) (P

Abstract Our research endeavors are directed towards unraveling the stem cell characteristics of lower-grade glioma patients, with the ultimate goal of formulating personalized treatment strategies. We computed enrichment stemness scores and performed consensus clustering to categorize phenotypes. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic risk model using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random survival forest regression analysis as well as full subset regression analysis. To validate the expression differences of key genes, we employed experimental methods such as quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and assessed cell line proliferation, migration, and invasion. Three subtypes were assigned to patients diagnosed with LGG. Notably, Cluster 2 (C2), exhibiting the poorest survival outcomes, manifested characteristics indicative of the subtype characterized by immunosuppression. This was marked by elevated levels of M1 macrophages, activated mast cells, along with higher immune and stromal scores. Four hub genes—CDCA8, ORC1, DLGAP5, and SMC4—were identified and validated through cell experiments and qPCR. Subsequently, these validated genes were utilized to construct a stemness risk signature. Which revealed that Lower-Grade Glioma (LGG) patients with lower scores were more inclined to demonstrate favorable responses to immune therapy. Our study illuminates the stemness characteristics of gliomas, which lays the foundation for developing therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs and enhancing the efficacy of current immunotherapies. By identifying the stemness subtype and its correlation with prognosis and TME patterns in glioma patients, we aim to advance the development of personalized treatments, enhancing the ability to predict and improve overall patient prognosis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and superficial mucosal ulcers. Ramulus mori alkaloids (SZ-A) were approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China in 2020 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Later studies confirmed that SZ-A act on multiple inflammatory pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting that SZ-A has the potential to alleviate UC. A temperature-sensitive hydrogel embedded with sodium alginate (SA)-chitosan (CS) microspheres was constructed for colon-targeted delivery of SZ-A. The results showed that the microspheres prepared by exogenous emulsification had rounded and smooth surfaces with high drug-loading capacity. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: 600 rpm stirring speed; a 1:4 ratio of water-to-oil phase; and a 5% Span80 emulsifier. The temperature-sensitive hydrogels embedded with SA-CS microspheres (TMH) had a moderate gelling temperature of 31.8 ± 0.74°C. The rheologic results showed that the internal structure of TMH was stable with viscoelasticity, and the in vitro release results indicated that the TMH exhibited slow-release performance. The findings suggest that TMH has suitable gelling temperature and viscoelasticity, and may be a promising targeted delivery vector for UC treatment.

Abstract Background Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake are inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived and actual HIV risk, and quantify the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and three HIV prevention services utilization among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province in June 2021. Participants were eligible if they were born biologically male, aged 18 years or older, had negative or unknown HIV status, and had sex with men in the past year. Participants were recruited online. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated by calculating the Kappa value. Bayesian model averaging was used to assess the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake. Results A total of 1136 MSM were recruited, most of them were 30 years old or younger (59.9%), single (79.5%), with at least college education level (74.7%). Most participants (97.4%) perceived that they had low risk of HIV infection, and 14.1% were assessed with high actual risk. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated with a Kappa value of 0.076 (P

Abstract Adverse perinatal factors can interfere with the normal development of the brain, potentially resulting in long-term effects on the comprehensive development of children. Presently, the understanding of cognitive and neurodevelopmental processes under conditions of adverse perinatal factors is substantially limited. There is a critical need for an open resource that integrates various perinatal factors with the development of the brain and mental health to facilitate a deeper understanding of these developmental trajectories. In this Data Descriptor, we introduce a multicenter database containing information on perinatal factors that can potentially influence children’s brain-mind development, namely, periCBD, that combines neuroimaging and behavioural phenotypes with perinatal factors at county/region/central district hospitals. PeriCBD was designed to establish a platform for the investigation of individual differences in brain-mind development associated with perinatal factors among children aged 3–10 years. Ultimately, our goal is to help understand how different adverse perinatal factors specifically impact cognitive development and neurodevelopment. Herein, we provide a systematic overview of the data acquisition/cleaning/quality control/sharing, processes of periCBD.

Abstract Background Under a changing climate, the joint effects of temperature and relative humidity on tuberculosis (TB) are poorly understood. To address this research gap, we conducted a time-series study to explore the joint effects of temperature and relative humidity on TB incidence in China, considering potential modifiers. Methods Weekly data on TB cases and meteorological factors in 22 cities across mainland China between 2011 and 2020 were collected. The proxy indicator for the combined exposure levels of temperature and relative humidity, Humidex, was calculated. First, a quasi-Poisson regression with the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was constructed to examine the city-specific associations between humidex and TB incidence. Second, a multivariate meta-regression model was used to pool the city-specific effect estimates, and to explore the potential effect modifiers. Results A total of 849,676 TB cases occurred in the 22 cities between 2011 and 2020. Overall, a conspicuous J-shaped relationship between humidex and TB incidence was discerned. Specifically, a decrease in humidex was positively correlated with an increased risk of TB incidence, with a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.11–1.76). The elevated RR of TB incidence associated with low humidex (5th humidex) appeared on week 3 and could persist until week 13, with a peak at approximately week 5 (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). The effects of low humidex on TB incidence vary by Natural Growth Rate (NGR) levels. Conclusion A J-shaped exposure-response association existed between humidex and TB incidence in China. Humidex may act as a better predictor to forecast TB incidence compared to temperature and relative humidity alone, especially in regions with higher NGRs.

A density clustering-based health monitoring model for complex equipment is proposed for the complex equipment historical data which often has the characteristics of non-spherical shape. The local density and inter-class distance of each sample are estimated from the historical data, and the statistical properties of both are considered to determine the clustering center of the data. For the newly collected complex equipment health status monitoring data, if it is reachable with the density of the clustering center, the complex equipment is considered to be in a healthy state, otherwise it is in a non-healthy state. An actual complex equipment data set is analyzed by numerical simulation techniques, as well as visualization techniques such as scatter plots, box plots and parallel coordinate systems are used to verify the reliability of the calculated results, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively monitor the health status of complex equipment.

The instability of plastic flow in medium manganese steel was investigated through uniaxial tensile tests conducted at room temperature across various strain rates. The Portvin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect was analyzed using statistical methods and a multifractal approach. The findings indicate that the zigzag stress–strain curves associated with instability plastic flow exhibit typical multifractal characteristics. Furthermore, the multifractal analysis quantifies the influence of strain rate and initial phase composition on the instability characteristics of the stress–strain curves. Specifically, it was observed that lower strain rates and austenite content correspond to a chaotic state, whereas higher strain rates and austenite content result in self-organizing critical dynamics. Finally, the underlying physical mechanisms driving these differing modes of behavior are discussed, with a focus on their relationship to strain rate and the initial austenitic phase fraction.

Background: We assessed the potential role of serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker to monitor treatment response to primary systemic therapy (PST) in breast cancer and evaluated the predictive value of ctDNA to further identify patients with residual disease. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 208 plasma samples collected at three time points (before PST, after 2 cycles of treatment, before surgery) of 72 patients with stage Ⅱ-III breast cancer. Somatic mutations in plasma samples were identified using a customized 128-gene capture panel with next-generation sequencing. The correlation between early change in ctDNA levels and treatment response or long-term clinical outcomes was assessed. Results: 37 of 72 (51.4%) patients harbored detectable ctDNA alterations at baseline. Patients with complete response showed a larger decrease in ctDNA levels during PST. The median relative change of variant allele fraction (VAF) was −97.4%, −46.7%, and +21.1% for patients who subsequently had a complete response (n = 11), partial response (n = 11), and no response (n = 15) (p = 0.0012), respectively. In addition, the relative change of VAF between the pretreatment and first on-treatment blood draw exhibited the optimal predictive value to tumor response after PST (area under the curve, AUC = 0.7448, p = 0.02). More importantly, early change of ctDNA levels during treatment have significant prognostic value for patients with BC, there was a significant correlation between early decrease of VAF and longer recurrence-free survival compared to those with an VAF increase (HR = 12.54; 95% CI, 2.084 to 75.42, p = 0.0063). Conclusion: Early changes of ctDNA are strongly correlated with therapeutic efficacy to PST and clinical outcomes in BC patients. The integration of preoperative ctDNA evaluation could help improving the perioperative management for BC patients receiving PST.

The electrochemical behavior and corrosion induced mechanical degradation of biodegradable Zn–2Cu–0.03Li alloy were in detail investigated. The results indicated that the corrosion product film presented an increasing corrosion resistance, while the localized corrosion induced by microgalvanic effect was intensified. Corrosion pits, as the typical defect, acted as the crack initiation sites and accelerated the fracture process of the Zn–2Cu–0.03Li alloy. Accordingly, the fracture mode transformed from ductile to brittle failure. Significant loss in ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloys occurred due to strong stress concentration at corrosion pit, threatening the mechanical reliability after implantation.

Microbially-mediated arsenic biotransformation plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic; however, the presence of arsenic biotransformation genes (ABGs) in urban dust remains unclear. To investigate the occurrence and spatiotemporal distributions of ABGs, a total of one hundred and eighteen urban dust samples were collected from different districts of Xiamen city, China in summer and winter. Although inorganic arsenic species, including arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)], were found to be predominant, the methylated arsenicals, particularly trimethylarsine oxide [TMAs(V)O] and dimethylarsenate [DMAs(V)], were detected in urban dust. Abundant ABGs were identified in urban dust via AsChip analysis (a high-throughput qPCR chip for ABGs), of which As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes (arsM), As(V) reductase genes (arsC), As(III) oxidase genes (aioA), As(III) transporter genes (arsB), and arsenic-sensing regulator genes (arsR) were the most prevalent, collectively constituting more than 90 % of ABGs in urban dust. Microbes involved in arsenic methylation were assigned to bacteria (e.g., Actinomycetes and Alphaproteobacteria), archaea (e.g., Halobacteria), and eukaryotes (e.g., Chlamydomonadaceae) in urban dust via the arsM amplicon sequencing. Temperature, a season-dependent environmental factor, profoundly affected the abundance of ABGs and the composition of microbes involved in arsenic methylation. This study provides new insights into the presence of ARGs within the urban dust.

Sediment grain size characterization is one of the main components of aeolian geomorphology research. Sand particle size can determine the basic form of sand movement. The distribution and form of grain size parameters of different types of sediments were calculated using six surface types of sediments around Qixing Lake in the Kubuqi Desert: Mobile dune Semi-fixed dune Fixed dune Lakeshore terrace Wetland and Grassy flat wetland The results showed that the surface sediments were mainly composed of medium sand and fine sand, and all types were negatively skewed. The differentiation pattern of the saltation component and suspended component of the surface sediment is characterized by a two-stage pattern. The percentage contribution of suspended components in lakeshore terraces, wetlands, and Grassy flat wetlands (total average 21.07%) is more than twice that of mobile dunes, semifixed dunes, and fixed dunes (total average 9.47%). This suggests that mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes, and fixed dunes are not the main contributing surface type of suspended material in the Qixing Lake area.

This work introduced a facile method for fabricating heterostructures in a medium Mn steel via a direct warm rolling process. The heavy warm rolling promoted the transformation of metastable austenite (∼12.2 vol%) into hard domain α’ martensite, which formed a heterogeneous microstructure with the untransformed γ (soft domain). After 600 °C re-annealing, the hard domain α’ re-reversed to α + γ, and the heterostructure disappeared. Compared to the homogeneous structure, the heterostructure exhibited the synergistic enhancement of strength-ductility (yield strength (YS): 782 → 1113 MPa; ultimate tensile strength (UTS): 1099 → 1304 MPa; total elongation (TEL): 20.8 % → 21.7 %). Quantitative analysis showed that the heterogeneous deformation induced (HDI) strengthening (∼261 MPa) was the primary contributor to the increased ΔYS (782 → 1113 MPa) value, rather than the traditional strengthening mechanisms. Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) effect were the main deformation mechanisms of both homogeneous/heterogeneous structures. However, compared to the homogeneous microstructure, the heterogeneous structure possessed the more pronounced TRIP and HDI hardening effects as well as L-C locks, the cooperative effect of these three factors further improved the strain hardening ability to break through the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma.

Clay is a globally abundant material and can potentially be used as a cement substitute after calcination. Though kaolinitic clay exhibits notable reactivity, the potential of low-grade clay with relatively low kaolinite content remains underexplored. This study comprehensively analyzed the chemical and mineralogical composition of marine clays at various locations and depths in Singapore, assessing their feasibility for preparing limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). The hydration kinetics and microstructure development of LC3 pastes, incorporating calcined marine clay, were investigated by XRD, isothermal calorimetry, SEM, and MIP. Additionally, a mini-migration test was employed to investigate chloride ion diffusion in LC3 pastes. The results revealed that Singapore marine clays contain relatively low kaolinite content (16–20% by QXRD). Despite a 25% reduction of 28 days compressive strength compared to reference OPC, LC3 samples exhibited outstanding resistance against chloride penetration regardless of kaolinite content (

Abstract With the formation and popularization of the 5G-enabled industrial internet, cybersecurity risks are increasing, and the limited number of attack samples, such as zero-day, leaves a short response time for security protectors, making it substantially more difficult to protect industrial control systems from new types of malicious attacks. Traditional supervised intrusion detection models rely on a large number of samples for training and their performance needs to be improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need for few-shot intrusion detection. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a detection model based on a meta-learning framework, which aims to effectively improve the accuracy and real-time performance of intrusion detection, and designs a meta-learning intrusion detection model containing a sample generation module, a feature mapping module and a feature metric module. Among them, the sample generation module introduces the residual block into the Natural GAN and proposes a new method to generate high-quality antagonistic samples—Res-Natural GAN, which is used to enhance the antagonism of the generated samples and the feature mining degree, to improve the accuracy of malicious traffic detection; the feature mapping module proposes a new attention mechanism, the multi-head fast attention mechanism, which is applied to the encoder structure of the transformer and combined with a parameter optimization algorithm based on particle swarm mutation to shorten the mapping time and improve the real-time performance of the model while mapping the features effectively; the feature metric module proposes a prototype structure based on a prototype storage update algorithm and combines it with a prototype network to achieve correct classification by measuring the Euclidean distance between the detected samples and the class of prototypes, and to shorten the inference time while ensuring the detection accuracy; finally, the three modules are combined to form a real-time meta-learning intrusion detection model. To evaluate the proposed model, five different types of experiments are conducted on multiple public datasets. The experimental results show that the model has higher detection accuracy than the traditional model for both few-shot and zero-shot malicious attacks, and is not only applicable to 5G-enabled industrial internet, but also generalized to different network environments and attack types.

Abstract The magnetic type-II Weyl semimetal (MWSM) Co3Sn2S2 has recently been found to host a variety of remarkable phenomena including surface Fermi-arcs, giant anomalous Hall effect, and negative flat band magnetism. However, the dynamic magnetic properties remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics of Co3Sn2S2 crystal using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and reflectivity spectroscopies. We observe a transient magnetization behavior, consisting of spin-flipping dominated fast demagnetization, slow demagnetization due to overall half-metallic electronic structures, and an unexpected ultrafast magnetization enhancement lasting hundreds of picoseconds upon femtosecond laser excitation. By combining temperature-, pump fluence-, and pump polarization-dependent measurements, we unambiguously demonstrate the correlation between the ultrafast magnetization enhancement and the Weyl nodes. Our theoretical modelling suggests that the excited electrons are spin-polarized when relaxing, leading to the enhanced spin-up density of states near the Fermi level and the consequently unusual magnetization enhancement. Our results reveal the unique role of the Weyl properties of Co3Sn2S2 in femtosecond laser-induced spin dynamics.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three different types of bariatric surgeries, namely, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), one-anastomotic gastric bypass (OAGB), and single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass, in the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS). The optimal approach for managing MS remains uncertain, and thus this study aimed to provide a recent analysis of the efficacy of these surgical procedures. This retrospective study evaluated data of individuals who underwent SG, OAGB, and SASI bypass. The primary outcome measures included weight, body mass index (BMI), glucolipid metabolic index, and the occurrence of treatment-related complications within 6 to 12 months post-surgery. A total of 324 patients were included in this study. Of these, 264 patients underwent SG, 30 underwent OAGB, and 30 underwent SASI bypass. A significant decrease in weight was observed at the 6-month and 12-month marks following all three surgical procedures. Of these, patients who underwent SASI bypass exhibited the greatest reduction in weight and BMI post-surgery. Furthermore, the SASI bypass was associated with a significantly higher percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) compared to SG and OAGB. Patients who underwent OAGB and SASI bypass demonstrated notable improvements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients who underwent SASI bypass and OAGB experienced greater postoperative comfort and reported fewer complaints of discomfort compared to the other procedure. Based on the retrospective analysis of the data, SASI bypass was associated with greater reductions in weight and BMI, higher percentages of %TWL and %EBMIL, and better improvement in T2DM compared to SG and OAGB. Therefore, both SASI bypass and OAGB were found to be more effective than SG in the treatment of MS.

Abstract Epigenetic changes may fill a critical gap in our understanding of kidney disease development, as they not only reflect metabolic changes but are also preserved and transmitted during cell division. We conducted a genome-wide cytosine methylation analysis of 399 human kidney samples, along with single-nuclear open chromatin analysis on over 60,000 cells from 14 subjects, including controls, and diabetes and hypertension attributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We identified and validated differentially methylated positions associated with disease states, and discovered that nearly 30% of these alterations were influenced by underlying genetic variations, including variants known to be associated with kidney disease in genome-wide association studies. We also identified regions showing both methylation and open chromatin changes. These changes in methylation and open chromatin significantly associated gene expression changes, most notably those playing role in metabolism and expressed in proximal tubules. Our study further demonstrated that methylation risk scores (MRS) can improve disease state annotation and prediction of kidney disease development. Collectively, our results suggest a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and kidney disease pathogenesis, thereby providing potential pathways for the development of novel risk stratification methods.

The field environment is complex and variable, and multiple factors constrain the effectiveness of UAV applications, and a single flow applications may result in over- or under-use of pesticides in plots with different requirements. Therefore, it is crucial to study a decision-making model of flow rate for plant protection UAVs under multi-factor interaction. In this paper, based on a large amount of experimental data, combined with Pearson correlation analysis and random forest variable importance score ranking, screening the features obtained from the experiment increases the correlation between input and output, making the output results more reliable. The model evaluation results showed that the GA-BP neural network model has a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the true value, predicted value, and a coefficient of determination of 0.98, which is better than the general regression model. A validation test was conducted to test the effectiveness of the model for new data. The final result yields an error value within ±20% for the GA-BP model to predict the flow rate. At the same time, the BP neural network fluctuated more for some of the predicted values, which caused a 50% error in fitting results. It proves the feasibility of the BP neural network optimized based on feature screening and genetic algorithm in plant protection UAV flow rate decision-making, which can provide a reference basis and scientific guidance for precise variable spraying operation of plant protection UAVs.

Abstract Recent studies have reported the role of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R), a member of the G‐protein coupled receptor superfamily, encoded by the CHRM3 gene, in cardiac function and the regulation of blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of CHRM3 genetic variants with salt sensitivity, longitudinal BP changes, and the development of hypertension in a Chinese population. We conducted a chronic dietary salt intervention experiment in a previously established Chinese cohort to analyze salt sensitivity of BP. Additionally, a 14‐year follow‐up was conducted on all participants in the cohort to evaluate the associations of CHRM3 polymorphisms with longitudinal BP changes, as well as the incidence of hypertension. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10802811 within the CHRM3 gene displayed significant associations with low salt‐induced changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), while rs373288072, rs114677844, and rs663148 exhibited significant associations with SBP and MAP responses to a high‐salt diet. Furthermore, the SNP rs58359377 was associated with changes in SBP and pulse pressure (PP) over the course of 14 years. Additionally, the 14‐year follow‐up revealed a significant association between the rs619288 polymorphism and an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.87, p = .029). This study provides evidence that CHRM3 may have a role in salt sensitivity, BP progression, and the development of hypertension.

The thermoelectric (TE) performance of p-type ZrCoSb-based half-Heusler (HH) alloys has been improved tremendously in recent years; however, it remains challenging to find suitable n-type ZrCoSb-based HH alloys due to their high lattice thermal conductivity (κL). In this work, n-type Zr1−xTaxCo1−xNixSb HH alloys were firstly designed by multisite alloying. The evolution of the Raman peak proved that alloy scattering, phonon softening, anharmonicity, entropy-driven disorder, and precipitates had a combined effect on decreasing κL by 46.7% compared to that of pristine ZrCoSb. Subsequently, Hf0.75Zr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01 was introduced into Zr0.88Ta0.12Co0.88Ni0.12Sb to further suppress κL. Remarkably, the grain size of the biphasic HH alloys was refined by at least one order of magnitude. A biphasic high-entropy HH alloy with y = 0.2 exhibited the minimum κL of ∼2.44 W/(m·K) at 923 K, reducing by 67.7% compared to that of ZrCoSb. Consequently, (Zr0.88Ta0.12Co0.88Ni0.12Sb)0.9(Hf0.75Zr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01)0.1 exhibited the highest TE figure of merit (∼0.38) at 923 K. The cooperation between the entropy and biphasic microstructure resulted in multiscale defects, refined grains, and biphasic interfaces, which maximized the scattering of the multiwavelength phonons in HH alloys. This work provides a new strategy for further reducing the grain size and κL of medium- and high-entropy HH alloys.

Background In recent years, the research on symptom management in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has shifted from a single symptom to symptom clusters and network analysis. This study collected and evaluated unpleasant symptoms in PD patients and explored groups of symptoms that may affect PD patients with a view to higher symptom management.Methods The symptoms of PD patients were measured using the modified Dialysis Symptom Index. The symptom network and node characteristics were assessed by network analysis, and symptom clusters were explored by factor analysis.Results In this study of 602 PD patients (mean age 47.8 ± 16.8 years, 47.34% male), most had less than 2 years of dialysis experience. Five symptom clusters were obtained from factor analysis, which were body symptom cluster, gastrointestinal symptom cluster, mood symptom cluster, sexual disorder symptom cluster, and skin-sleep symptom cluster. Itching and decreased interest in sex may be sentinel symptoms, and being tired or lack of energy and feeling anxious are core symptoms in PD patients.Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptom clusters in PD patients for better symptom management. Five clusters were identified, with key symptoms including itching, decreased interest in sex, fatigue, and anxiety. Early intervention focused on these symptom clusters in PD patients holds promise for alleviating the burden of symptoms.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload have been involved in apoptotic cardiomyocyte death during MI. 13-Methylpalmatine (13-Me-PLT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis and has not been systematically studied for their potential pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases. We conducted the present study to elucidate whether 13-Me-PLT modulates MI pathology in animal MI and cellular hypoxic models, employing state-of-the-art molecular techniques. The results demonstrated that 13-Me-PLT preserved post-ischemic cardiac function and alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. 13-Me-PLT decreased ERS and the communication between ER and mitochondria, which serves as a protective mechanism against mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and structural and functional injuries to mitochondria. Our data revealed mitigating mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and apoptosis by inhibiting CHOP-mediated Ca2+ transfer between inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in ER and VDAC1 in mitochondria as an underlying mechanism for 13-Me-PLT action. Furthermore, 13-Me-PLT produced superior effects in alleviating cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis post-MI to diltiazem and palmatine. Collectively, our research suggests that the CHOP/IP3R/VDAC1 signaling pathway mediates ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and 13-Me-PLT activates this axis to maintain cellular and organellar Ca2+ homeostasis, protecting against ischemic myocardial injury. These findings may offer an opportunity to develop new agents for the therapy of ischemic heart disease.

The prevalence of environmental problems and the increasing risk of human exposure to environmental pollutants have become a global concern. The increasing environmental pollution is one of the main reasons for the rising incidence of most neurological-related diseases in recent years. However, the ethical constraints of direct human research and the racial limitations of animal models have slowed the progress of research in this area. The purpose of this study is to review the neurotoxicity of different environmental pollutants on the brain using brain organoids as a new model and to conclude that brain organoids may play a key role in assessing the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants affect neurogenesis and cause neurological pathogenesis. To accurately determine the negative effects of environmental pollutants on the nervous system, self-organizing brain organoids that are highly similar to the developing brain have become a new model system for studying the effects of environmental pollutants on human brain development and disease. This study uses brain organoids as a model to summarize the neurotoxicity of different environmental pollutants on the nervous system, including structural changes in brain organoids, inhibition of neuronal differentiation and migration, impairment of mitochondrial function, damage to cellular cilia, and influence on signaling pathways. In conclusion, exposure to environmental pollutants may cause different neurotoxicity to the nervous system. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how to use brain organoids to ameliorate neurological disorders caused by environmental pollution.

BackgroundStatins were regarded as a main medication for managing hypercholesterolemia. Administration of statin therapy could reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which was recognized by multipal clinical guidelines. But previous studies had conflicting results on whether the long-term use of statins could benefit the renal function in diabetic patients.AimTo evaluate the association between statin treatment and Chronic Kidney Disease in DM patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective disproportionality analysis and cohort study based on real-world data. All DM cases reported in US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS) between the first quarter of 2004 and the fourth quarter of 2022 were included. Disproportionality analyses were conducted by estimating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the information component (IC). We further compared the CKD odds ratio (OR) between the statins group and the other primary suspected drug group among the included diabetes mellitus cases.ResultsWe finally included 593647 DM cases from FAERS, 5113 (5.31%) CKD cases in the statins group and 8810 (1.77%) CKD cases in the control group. Data analysis showed that the statins group showed a significant CKD signal (ROR: 3.11, 95% CI: 3.00–3.22; IC: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29). In case group with two or more statins treatment history, the CKD signal was even stronger (ROR: 19.56, 95% CI: 18.10–21.13; IC: 3.70, 95% CI:3.44–3.93) compared with cases with one statin treatment history.ConclusionThe impact of statin therapy on the progression of renal disease in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains inconclusive. After data mining on the current FAERS dataset, we discovered significant signals between statin treatment and CKD in diabetic patients. Furthermore, the incidence rate of CKD was higher among DM patients who used statins compared to those who did not.

Objective This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of instant versus text messaging intervention (TMI) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. Methods This study was conducted in an infectious disease hospital of Jinan, China from October 2020 to June 2021, using non-randomized concurrent controlled design to compare the effectiveness of instant messaging intervention (IMI) versus TMI. The intervention strategies (health messaging, medication reminder, and peer education) and contents were consistent between the two groups, and the difference was service delivery method and type of information. The primary outcome was the proportion of achieving optimal ART adherence, defined as never missing any doses and delayed any doses more than 1 hour. Results A total of 217 participants (including 72 in TMI group and 145 in IMI group) were included in the study. The proportion of achieving optimal adherence was higher in IMI group than TMI group at the first follow-up (90.2% versus 77.6%, p = 0.021) and second follow-up (86.5% versus 76.6%, p = 0.083). The effect of IMI versus TMI on improving ART adherence was found not to be statistically significant (risk ratio (RR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–3.94) in complete-case analysis. However, when excluding participants who did not adhere to the interventions, a significant improvement was observed (RR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.21–6.38). More participants in IMI group expressed highly rated satisfaction to the intervention services than those in TMI group (67.3% versus 50.0%). Conclusions The IMI demonstrated superior efficacy over TMI in improving ART adherence and satisfaction with intervention services. It is suggested that future digital health interventions targeting ART adherence should prioritize instant messaging with multimedia information in areas with Internet access. Trial registration The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR), with number [ChiCTR2000041282].

Background: Wound healing is a complex biological process that can be impaired in individuals with diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a serious complication of diabetes that require promoting diagnosis and effective treatment. FGF-21, a member of the endocrine FGF factors family, has caught the spotlight in the treatment of diabetes for its beneficial effects on accelerating human glucose uptake and fat catabolism. However, the therapeutic efficacy of FGF-21 in promoting diabetic wounds remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of FGF-21 in promoting diabetic wound healing. Methods: we investigated the effects of FGF-21 on wound healing related-cells under high-glucose conditions using various assays such as CCK8, scratch assay, flow cytometry analysis, endothelial tube-formation assay, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we used db/db mice to verify the healing-promoting therapeutic effects of FGF-21 on diabetic wounds. We also conducted qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining analyses to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Result: Our results indicate that FGF-21 treatment restored hyperglycemic damage on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-forming ability. It also reduced endothelial cell death rates under high-glucose conditions. TEM analysis showed that FGF-21 treatment effectively restored mitochondrial damage and morphological changes in endothelial cells caused by glucose. Additionally, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that FGF-21 treatment restored inflammatory responses caused by hyperglycemic damage. Animal experiments confirmed these findings, suggesting that FGF-21 may be a promising candidate for the treatment of non-healing diabetic wounds due to its effectiveness in stimulating angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory function. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that FGF-21 is an essential regulator of wound-related cells under high-glucose conditions and has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for accelerating diabetic wound healing.

Abstract Background In recent years, neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) has developed rapidly in patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). The suggested neoadjuvant treatment regimens for patients with GEJC may vary in light of the efficacy and safety results. Methods A search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was completed to locate studies examining the safety and effectiveness of NAIT for resectable GEJC. We analyzed the effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in addition to subgroups and heterogeneity. Meta‐analyses were performed using Stata BE17 software. Results For these meta‐analyses, 753 patients were chosen from 21 studies. The effectiveness of NAIT was assessed using the pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (MPR), and nodal downstage to ypN0 rate. The MPR, pCR, and nodal downstage to ypN0 rate values in NAIT were noticeably higher (MPR: ES = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.36–0.54; pCR: ES = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.21–0.32; nodal downstage to ypN0 rate: ES = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48–0.72) than those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) (MPR

Pulse tube refrigerators with active displacers have become increasingly popular due to superior phase shift capability and avoidance of dissipation losses. However, mechanisms of thermodynamic processes within refrigerators due to variations in parameters related to critical structures and operations are not yet clear, making it difficult to optimize the comprehensive performance. In this paper, multi-dimensional flow simulation method instead of one-dimensional simulation method with poor computational accuracy is used to analyze the influence of five key parameters on performance of pulse tube refrigerators with active displacers. An intelligent optimization algorithm combined with efficient Kriging surrogate models is developed for single-objective and multi-objective optimization. Results demonstrate that the mean errors of the Kriging models for cooling capacity, total input power and performance coefficient are 1.81%, 3.94% and 3.37%. The single-objective optimization produces a maximum cooling capacity of 7.29 W and performance coefficient of 7.38%. The combined optimal solution delivers 6.65W in cooling capacity and 7.02% in performance coefficient, obtaining improvements of 150.94% and 75.94%. This study reveals the influence mechanism of key parameters on cooling performance of pulse tube refrigerators with displacers and establishes an efficient global optimization method, which is of great significance for the development of advanced refrigeration technology.

Abstract Normoalbuminuria has recently been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and vascular aging is proposed as the early manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors aimed to examine the association of high‐normal albuminuria and vascular aging in a Chinese cohort. From our previously established cohort, 1942 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR)

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 6 (RGS6), identified as a tumor suppressor gene, has received increasing attention owing to its close relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the association between ARDS and RGS6 has not been reported. Methods Congruously regulated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in an acute lung injury (ALI) model were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was conducted. In an in vivo study, the effects of RGS6 knockout were studied in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HE staining, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate pathological changes and the degree of inflammation. In vitro, qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were used to determine the dynamic changes in RGS6 expression in cells. The RGS6 overexpression plasmid was constructed for transfection. qRT‒PCR was used to assess proinflammatory factors transcription. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Organoid culture was used to assess the stemness and self-renewal capacity of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). Results A total of 110 congruously regulated genes (61 congruously upregulated and 49 congruously downregulated genes) were identified among GPCR-related genes and DEGs in the ALI model. RGS6 was downregulated in vivo and in vitro in the ALI model. RGS6 was expressed in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the nucleus after LPS stimulation. Compared with the control group, we found higher mortality, more pronounced body weight changes, more serious pulmonary edema and pathological damage, and more neutrophil infiltration in the RGS6 knockout group upon LPS stimulation in vivo. Moreover, AEC2s loss was significantly increased upon RGS6 knockout. Organoid culture assays showed slower alveolar organoid formation, fewer alveolar organoids, and impaired development of new structures after passaging upon RGS6 knockout. In addition, RGS6 overexpression decreased ROS production as well as proinflammatory factor transcription in macrophages and decreased apoptosis in epithelial cells. Conclusions RGS6 plays a protective role in ALI not only in early inflammatory responses but also in endogenous lung stem cell regeneration. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Backgrounds Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare but lethal cardiac ion channelopathy. Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis remain a matter of concern due to its rarity and insufficient recognition of this disorder, particularly in developing countries like China. Aims and methods We reported six catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) children diagnosed in our center along with a comprehensive review of Chinese pediatric CPVT patients reported in domestic and overseas literature between January 2013 and December 2021 to provide an essential reference for physicians to deepen their understanding of pediatric CPVT. Results A total of 95 children with CPVT, including our six patients from 21 medical centers were identified. The median age of symptom onset is 8.7 ± 3.0 years. Diagnosis occurred at a median age of 12.9 ± 6.8 years with a delay of 4.3 ± 6.6 years. Selective beta-blockers (Metoprolol and Bisoprolol) were prescribed for 38 patients (56.7%) and 29 (43.3%) patients received non-selective beta-blocker (Propranolol and Nadolol) treatment. Six patients accepted LCSD and seven received ICD implantation at the subsequent therapy. A total of 13 patients died during the disease course. Of the 67 patients with positive gene test results, variants in RYR2 were 47 (70.1%), CASQ2 were 11 (16.4%), and RYR2 accompanied SCN5A were 7 (10.4%). Patients with CASQ2 gene mutations presented with younger symptom onset age, higher positive family history rate and better prognosis than those with RYR2 mutations. Conclusion Chinese pediatric patients with CPVT had a poorer prognosis than other cohorts, probably due to delayed/missed diagnosis, non-standard usage of beta-blockers, unavailability of flecainide, and a lower rate of LCSD and ICD implantation.

Abstract The wide range of alloy composition controllability for multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) may provide a great opportunity for discovering special forms of surface oxides to improve the corrosion and oxidation resistance in extreme environments. Changing the type and content of promoting passivation elements would not only change the microstructure of the alloy but also significantly affect the composition and structure of the surface passive film, resulting in a strong impact on the corrosion and oxidation resistance of the alloy. This article reviews recent research on the effects of alloying elements on the passivation properties, the contribution of each alloying element, and the synergistic effect between the elements on the passivation mechanisms and electrochemical dissolution characteristics of surface passive films that form on some MPEAs. In addition, the composition and structural characteristics of surface oxides relevant to the selective oxidation of elements are elaborated upon. Finally, several open questions and recommendations for research directions regarding the passivation and selective oxidation of MPEAs were provided to guide future exploration.

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic inflammatory lung disease, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prolonged cigarette smoking (CS) that causes irreversible airway remodeling and significantly reduces lung function is a major risk factor for COPD. Keratin15+ (Krt15+) cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation properties have been implicated in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of airway basal cells; however, the role of Krt15 in COPD is not clear. Methods Krt15 knockout (Krt15−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice of C57BL/6 background were exposed to CS for six months to establish COPD models. Krt15-CrePGR;Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice were used to trace the fate of the Krt15+ cells. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson stainings were performed to assess histopathology and fibrosis, respectively. Furthermore, lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down KRT15 in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The protein expression was assessed using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Krt15−/− CS mice developed severe inflammatory cell infiltration, airway remodeling, and emphysema. Moreover, Krt15 knockout aggravated CS-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which was reversed by SB-3CT, an MMP-9 inhibitor. Consistent with this finding, KRT15 knockdown promoted MMP-9 expression and EMT progression in vitro. Furthermore, Krt15+ cells gradually increased in the bronchial epithelial cells and were transformed into alveolar type II (AT2) cells. Conclusion Krt15 regulates the EMT process by promoting MMP-9 expression and protects the lung tissue from CS-induced injury, inflammatory infiltration, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Krt15+ cells transformed into AT2 cells to protect alveoli. These results suggest Krt15 as a potential therapeutic target for COPD.

Abstract Epitranscriptomic abnormalities, which are highly prevalent in primary central nervous system malignancies, have been identified as crucial contributors to the development and progression of gliomas. RNA epitranscriptomic modifications, particularly the reversible modification methylation, have been observed throughout the RNA cycle. Epitranscriptomic modifications, which regulate RNA transcription and translation, have profound biological implications. These modifications are associated with the development of several cancer types. Notably, three main protein types—writers, erasers, and readers, in conjunction with other related proteins, mediate these epitranscriptomic changes. This review primarily focuses on the role of recently identified RNA methylation modifications in gliomas, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A). We delved into their corresponding writers, erasers, readers, and related binding proteins to propose new approaches and prognostic indicators for patients with glioma.

Abstract The forming limit diagram plays an important role in predicting the forming limit of sheet metals. Previous studies have shown that, the method to construct the forming limit diagram based on instability theory of the original shear failure criterion is effective and simple. The original shear instability criterion can accurately predict the left area of the forming limit diagram but not the right area. In this study, in order to improve the accuracy of the original shear failure criterion, a modified shear failure criterion was proposed based on in-depth analysis of the original shear failure criterion. The detailed improvement strategies of the shear failure criterion and the complete calculation process are given. Based on the modified shear failure criterion and different constitutive equations, the theoretical forming limit of TRIP780 steel and 5754O aluminum alloy sheet metals are calculated. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is shown that proposed modified shear failure criterion can predict the right area of forming limit more reasonably than the original shear failure criterion. The effect of the pre-strain and constitutive equation on the forming limits are also analyzed in depth. The modified shear failure criterion proposed in this study provides an alternative and reliable method to predict forming limit of sheet metals.

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) usually peaks in the boreal winter—November to January of the following year. This particular feature of ENSO is known as the seasonal phase locking of ENSO. In this study, based on 34 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the seasonal phase-locking characteristics of the model-simulated El Niño and La Niña events are evaluated in terms of the evolution of the SST anomalies associated with ENSO and the probability distribution of the peak month—the time at which ENSO peaks. It is found that CMIP6 models underestimate the phase-locking strength of ENSO for both El Niño and La Niña events. The ensemble mean peak month matches the observations, but the inter-model spread is large. The models simulate the phase locking of El Nino events better than that of La Niña events, and the large simulation bias of CMIP6 for La Niña phase-locking in the models may have an impact on the simulation of seasonal phase-locking in the ENSO.

Summary: Background: Limited data exists on how early-life weight changes relate to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in midlife. This study examines the association between long-term trajectories of body mass index (BMI), its variability, and MetS risk in Chinese individuals. Methods: In the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension study (March 10, 1987–June 3, 2017), 1824 participants with at least five BMI measurements from 1987 to 2017 were included. Using group-based trajectory modeling, different BMI trajectories were identified. BMI variability was assessed through standard deviation (SD), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability (ARV). Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between BMI trajectory, BMI variability, and MetS occurrence in midlife (URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02734472). Findings: BMI trajectories were categorized as low-increasing (34.4%), moderate-increasing (51.8%), and high-increasing (13.8%). Compared to the low-increasing group, the odds ratios (ORs) [95% CIs] for MetS were significantly higher in moderate (4.27 [2.63–6.91]) and high-increasing groups (13.11 [6.30–27.31]) in fully adjusted models. Additionally, higher BMI variabilities were associated with increased MetS odds (ORs for SDBMI, VIMBMI, and ARVBMI: 2.30 [2.02–2.62], 1.22 [1.19–1.26], and 4.29 [3.38–5.45]). Furthermore, BMI trajectories from childhood to adolescence were predictive of midlife MetS, with ORs in moderate (1.49 [1.00–2.23]) and high-increasing groups (2.45 [1.22–4.91]). Lastly, elevated BMI variability in this period was also linked to higher MetS odds (ORs for SDBMI, VIMBMI, and ARVBMI: 1.24 [1.08–1.42], 1.00 [1.00–1.01], and 1.21 [1.05–1.38]). Interpretation: Our study suggests that both early-life BMI trajectories and BMI variability could be predictive of incident MetS in midlife. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82070437 (J.-J.M.), the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University of China (No. XJTU1AF-CRF-2022-002, XJTU1AF2021CRF-021, and XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-004), the Key R&D Projects in Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2023-ZDLSF-50), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (2017-CXGC03-2), and the International Joint Research Centre for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province (2020GHJD-14).

Background: Although extensive discussions on the influence of maternal educational attainment on offspring birthweight, the conclusion remains controversial, and it is challenging to comprehensively assess the causal association between them. Methods: To estimate effect of maternal educational attainment on the birthweight of first child, we first conducted an individual-level analysis with UK Biobank participants of white ancestry (n = 208,162). We then implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR and multivariable MR to assess the causal relation between maternal education and maternal-specific birthweight. Finally, using the UK Biobank parent-offspring trio data (n = 618), we performed a polygenic score based MR to simultaneously adjust for confounding effects of fetal-specific birthweight and paternal educational attainment. We also conducted simulations for power evaluation and sensitivity analyses for horizontal pleiotropy of instruments. Results: We observed that birthweight of first child was positively influenced by maternal education, with 7 years of maternal education as the reference, adjusted effect = 44.8 (95%CIs 38.0–51.6, P = 6.15 × 10−38), 54.9 (95%CIs 47.6–62.2, P = 4.21 × 10−128), and 89.4 (95%CIs 82.1–96.7, P = 4.28 × 10−34) for 10, 15 and 20 years of maternal educational attainment, respectively. A causal relation between maternal education and offspring birthweight was revealed by IVW MR (estimated effect = 0.074 for one standard deviation increase in maternal education years, 95%CIs 0.054–0.093, P = 2.56 × 10−13) and by complementary MR methods. This connection was not substantially affected by paternal education or horizontal pleiotropy. Further, we found a positive but insignificant causal association (adjusted effect = 24.0, 95%CIs −150.1–198.1, P = 0.787) between maternal education and offspring birthweight after simultaneously controlling for fetal genome and paternal education; this null causality was largely due to limited power of small sample sizes of parent-offspring trios. Conclusion: This study offers supportive evidence for a causal association between maternal education and offspring birthweight, highlighting the significance of enhancing maternal education to prevent low birthweight.

We investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of Co films on Fe3O4(001) achieved through epitaxial growth using magnetron sputtering. X-ray magnetic circularly dichroism measurements characterize the atomic magnetism. Compared to Co films on the MgO substrate, Co on Fe3O4 exhibits a 96% enhancement in orbital magnetic moment (from 0.25 to 0.49 µB/atom) and an increase in spin magnetic moment (from 1.37 to 1.53 µB/atom), resulting in an increased mratio(ml/ms) from 0.18 to 0.32. This enhancement of the orbital moment emerges as a consequence of the interface interaction between Co and Fe3O4. Density functional theory calculations attribute this heightened orbital magnetic moment to the robust electronic exchange interactions. Our findings not only offer insights into the modulation of magnetic and electronic characteristics in Co-based magnetic heterostructures but also provide valuable implications for the potential application of magnetic oxide/ferromagnetic heterostructures in future spintronic devices.

Despite significant advancements in microstructural characterization methods, the interconnections between nanostructure and morphological diversity of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), the primary binding phase in modern concrete, remain unclear. This review delves into the state-of-the-art experimental findings of the morphology of C-S-H and comprehensively analyses the various influencing factors. The focus here is to address the long-standing debate: whether there are fundamental structural units, either fractural globule or nano sheet, that assemble to form diverse C-S-H microstructures. We critically assess that C-S-H formation involves the structured assembly of layered nanostructure with an approximate size of 4–10 nm, rather than occurring randomly. Such nanostructure may have substantial heterogeneity and deformability, often blurring the distinction between the globular and sheet models. Finally, this paper offers perspectives on future research directions aimed at further unravelling the intricate structure of C-S-H.

Falling from height (FFH) is a significant safety concern in the construction industry. It requires construction safety managers to identify and prevent FFH from occurring as early as possible. However, due to insufficient expertise and the shortage of relevant personnel, it is often challenging to accurately and promptly identify FFH risks, especially those more dangerous ones. To address this issue, we proposed a new identification method for FFH risk points by incorporating BIM, path simulation, and machine learning techniques. Our approach, based on the likelihood exposure consequence criterion, efficiently identified and prioritized hazardous FFH risk points. Unlike prior studies, we emphasized the spatial distribution of workers by incorporating site layout and construction schedule considerations. The algorithm generated a safe routing plan, which was validated in experiments, emphasizing its effectiveness in early detection and mitigation of FFH risks. This research provided a comprehensive approach to FFH risk management that integrates building information modeling, path simulation, and machine learning to comprehensively address FFH risks in construction and generate safe route plans for effective safety management. The proposed method significantly contributes to the early detection and elimination of potential FFH risks in construction projects.