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Summary This paper describes a new species of Bastiania, presents a new record and redescribes a known species of Tripyla. These nematodes are all in the order Triplonchida and were collected from Shanxi Province, North China. Bastiania sinensis sp. n. is characterised by having the female with a relatively slender body 1049-1295 μm long, dorsally arcuate after heat relaxation, with outer labial setae and cephalic setae in a single circle, an oval amphid, 7-8 laterodorsal cervical setae scattered in the pharyngeal region, orthometamenes and pseudocoelomocytes present, tail conoid with a mucron 1-2 μm long, two pairs of caudal setae present, a = 58.1-75.5, b = 4.0-4.6, c = 12.7-19.7, c′ = 4.1-7.8 and V = 61.1-67.7. Males were not found. Tripyla aquatica is recorded for the first time from China, and is redescribed. Tripyla setifera has been reported from China but without a detailed description – now provided. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among the species were analysed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 segments of large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes. Bastiania sinensis sp. n. is monophyletic with the Bastiania sequences available in GenBank, but is on an independent branch supporting its status as a separate species; T. aquatica and T. setifera are monophyletically clustered with known Tripyla species and grouped together with sequences from their respective species.

Soil phosphorus (P) could be categorized into organic and inorganic forms, with diffe-rent capabilities of nutrient supply. Exploring soil P components through liquid磷素在土壤中可分为有机磷和无机磷两大组分,不同形态的磷供给植物营养的难易程度不同,应用液体

Coprosma macrocarpa, known as the large-seeded coprosma or coastal karamu, is a shrub endemic to New Zealand. To our knowledge, no reports of plant parasitic nematodes associated with C. macrocarpa have been reported. Here we report the detection and identification of the nematode, Litylenchus coprosma, extracted from C. macrocarpa in Otata Island.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between thyroid gland-dosimetric parameters and hypothyroidism induced by intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 52 patients with NPC treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, from May 2008 to December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled in the present study and divided into two groups based on thyroid function: The euthyroid and hypothyroid groups. The association between hypothyroidism and clinical or dosimetric parameters were analyzed. Females had a significantly increased probability of suffering from radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIHT), compared with males (P=0.010). The occurrence of RIHT was significantly negatively associated with thyroid volume prior to radiotherapy (P=0.048). Furthermore, the mean dose (Dmean) and V50 in the hypothyroidism group were significantly increased, compared with the euthyroidism group (P=0.017 and P=0.023, respectively). During the treatment optimization period, dose constraints associated with the thyroid gland demonstrated a significantly protective effect on thyroid function compared with the unconstrained group (P=0.034). According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the threshold value was 5,160 cGy for Dmean and 54.5% for V50. The 3-year cumulative incidence of RIHT was 67.8% when the Dmean value was >5,160 cGy and 44.6% when the Dmean was 54.5%, and 29.9% when the V50 was

Litylenchus coprosma is reported for the first time from Coprosma robusta at two locations in Wellington, New Zealand. Nematodes were isolated from the leaves with angular yellow patches limited by veins and identified as L. coprosma based on morphology and sequence analysis of the SSU and LSU regions of rDNA.

The genus Tripylella Brzeski and Winiszewska-Ślipinska, 1993 currently contains four accepted species. Here, a new species is described. Morphologically, Tripylella subintermedia sp. nov. is charac...

Tripylina puxianensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from Shanxi province, China. It is characterized by having a triangular dorsal tooth, pointing towards the ventral side, anterior to two sub-ventral teeth, with dorsal and sub-ventral teeth similar in shape and size; one ventromedian seta in the cervical region; vulva with protruding lips, absence of post-uterine sac; and a pair of setae on the tail; male not found; female body length 1048–1331 μm, a = 25.5–33.8, b = 5.5–6.2, c = 14.4–23.1, c' = 2.1–3.5 and V = 56.1–68.5%. The phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Tripylina were analyzed using data from the SSU (small subunit) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA. These analyses confirmed that T. puxianensis n. sp. is different from other members of the genus for which sequences are available.

Zeatylenchus pittosporum is reported for the first time from Pittosporum crassifolium at Auckland, New Zealand. Nematodes were isolated from the leaves with brown or yellow chlorotic spots and identified as Z. pittosporum based on morphology, SSU and LSU of rDNA sequences analysis.

M eloidogyne minor Karssen et al . 2004 was collected from perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) growing in a sports ground in Christchurch, New Zealand. This is a new record for M. minor, the first report of this nematode occurring in New Zealand, and the second report from the southern hemisphere (after Chile). In general, the New Zealand isolate of M. minor corresponds well to the descriptions of M. minor given by Karssen et al . (2004) . The New Zealand isolate is characterized by having a female with dorsally curved stylet, 13–14 μm long, with transversely ovoid knobs slightly sloping backwards from shaft; rounded perineal pattern; and male with stylet 16–19 μm long, large transversely ovoid knobs sloping slightly backwards from shaft; head region not set off, labial disc elevated, lateral lips prominent; and second stage juvenile 370–390 μm long, with hemizonid posterior but adjacent to excretory pore; tail 53–63 μm long; and a distinct hyaline tail terminus 14–18 μm long. In addition, molecular phylogeny using near full length small subunit (SSU), D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and 2), and the intergenic spacer (IGS2) of the ribosomal rDNA supports the identification.

To develop a quick and easy colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) strip for schistosomiasis diagnosis in domestic animals.The reconstruction of Streptococcal Protein G (SPG) was designed and its gene was subcloned into plasmid pET-28a(+) to express in Escherichia coli. The recombinant SPG was purified and labeled with colloidal gold. The Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) and rSPG were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane for the test line and control line respectively. The specificity, sensitivity and cross-reaction of the strip method were detected.The rSPG was successfully expressed and purified to label with colloidal gold. The colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strips were assembled and they could detect the sera of S. japonicum infected BALB/c mice, New Zealand white rabbits, buffalo and sheep successfully. Besides, the sensitivity of GICA strip was 100% in the sera of mice and the serum of rabbits with S. japonicum infection. The specificity was 100% in the serum of mice and the sera of rabbits with free of infection. The sensitivity was 100% in the sera of sheep with miracidia of S. japonicum hatching from the stool and the specificity was 88.46% in the sera of sheep without that. The sensitivity was 94.44% in the sera of buffalo with miracidia hatching from the stool and the specificity was 100% in the sera of buffalo without that. The cross-reaction rate was 5.88% in Paramphistomum.The GICA strip can successfully detect a variety of S. japonicum infected domestic animals and may be a useful tool for screening on a large scale in the endemic areas.

In this paper, we combine villa in comparing low temperature solar water for floor heating with regular heating sources. In the end, this paper analysis the economization and conservation benefit of solar heating system and domestic hot water. The best scheme of villa is solar system combining centralizing hearing.

Sleep quality and mental health are directed influence to dormitory air quality. Sleep mode Work schedules is established by questionnaires, after the interconnection of PAQ, QPD and ACC is analysised, air quality of dormitory building is assessmented. The results show that dormitory air quality is influenced by windowing and living habit of undergraduate and the proportion of the dissatisfaction of air quality below 20%.

Objective: To make sure the feasibility with 18F FDG PET/CT to guided dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, by dosimetric verification before treatment. Methods: Chose 11 patients in Ⅲ~ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with functional image-guided IMRT and absolute and relative dosimetric verification by Varian 23EX LA, ionization chamber, 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx and IBA detachable phantom. Drawing outline and making treatment plan were by different imaging techniques (CT and 18F FDG PET/CT). The dose distributions of the various regional were realized by SMART. Results: The absolute mean errors of interest area were 2.39%±0.66 using 0.6cc ice chamber. Results using DTA method, the average relative dose measurements within our protocol (3%, 3 mm) were 87.64% at 300 MU/min in all filed. Conclusions: Dosimetric verification before IMRT is obligatory and necessary. Ionization chamber and 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx was the effective dosimetric verification tool for primary focal hyper metabolism in functional image-guided dynamic IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our preliminary evidence indicates that functional image-guided dynamic IMRT is feasible.

The oxidation of hydroquinone (QH 2 ) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid (L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In this study, electron transfer (ET) from QH 2 in aqueous to ferrocene (Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed. The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values. The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH 2 were sensitive to the changes of the driving force, which increased as the driving force increased. In addition, factors that would affect ET of QH 2 were studied. Experimental results indicated ion situation around QH 2 molecule could change the magnitude of the rate constants because the capability of oxidation of QH 2 would be affected by them.

Tripylina puxianensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from Shanxi province, China. It is characterized by having a triangular dorsal tooth, pointing towards the ventral side, anterior to two sub-ventral teeth, with dorsal and sub-ventral teeth similar in shape and size; one ventromedian seta in the cervical region; vulva with protruding lips, absence of post-uterine sac; and a pair of setae on the tail; male not found; female body length 1048-1331 µm, a = 25.5-33.8, b = 5.5-6.2, c = 14.4-23.1, c' = 2.1-3.5 and V = 56.1-68.5%. The phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Tripylina were analyzed using data from the SSU (small subunit) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA. These analyses confirmed that T. puxianensis n. sp. is different from other members of the genus for which sequences are available.

This paper describes three species of the genus Tripyla from New Zealand and provides a key to species based on the morphology of females. Tripyla daviesae sp. nov. is characterized by its short body length (L = 1143-1363 μm), relatively anterior vulva (V = 50-51%), and the length of the gubernaculum (13-17 μm). Tripyla tirau sp. nov. is characterized by its relatively posterior vulva (V = 55.5-59.5%), relatively short body length (930-1214 μm) and relatively short tail (c = 7.9-9.8). Tripyla affinis de Man, 1880 was recorded from New Zealand but without a detailed description which is provided here. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships among the species were analyzed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) of the ribosomal rRNA genes, and confirmed that T daviesae sp. nov. and T tirau sp. nov. are distinct from all other species for which sequences are available.

This paper describes a new species and gives a new record and a re-description of a known species of Trischistoma Cobb, 1913. Trischistoma taiguensis sp. nov. is characterized by having one pair of caudal setae on the tail; female body length of 562-699 µm, a = 35-42, b = 4.1-4.7, c = 11-14, c' = 3.9-4.6 and V = 79-82%. For the first time, Trischistoma pellucidum Cobb, 1913 is recorded from Shanxi Province, China. The phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Trischistoma were analyzed using data from the SSU (small subunit) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA sequences. These analyses confirmed that T. taiguensis sp. nov. and T. pellucidum differ from other known members of the genus for which sequences are available in GenBank.

To investigate the effect of Compound Qingqin Liquid (CQL) on the expression level of angiotensin II (Ang II) and COX-2 mRNA transcription and protein expression in the renal tissue of rats with uric acid nephropathy.SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the positive drug group, the high, moderate, and low dose CQL group according to number randomization principle. The model was established by gastrogavage of adenine, accompanied with yeast feeding. Distilled water was given by gastrogavage to rats in the blank control group and the model group. Allopurinol at the daily dose of 9.33 mg/kg was given by gastrogavage to rats of the positive control group. CQL at the daily dose of 3.77 g/kg, 1.89 g/kg, and 0.09 g/kg was respectively given by gastrogavage to rats in the high, moderate, and low dose CQL groups. All treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Rats were randomly divided at week 4 (3 in the blank control group, and 6 in the rest groups), and the rest rats were killed at week 6. The renal tissue was extracted. The expression level of Ang II and COX-2 mRNA transcription were detected by RT-PCR. The expression level of Ang II was detected by ELISA. The expression level of COX-2 protein was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical assay.Compared with the blank control group, except the mRNA expression of Ang II at week 4, the mRNA and protein expression of Ang II and COX-2 obviously increased at week 4 and 6 in the model group (P0.01, P0.05). The COX-2 protein expression at week 4 was obviously lower in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the model group and the low dose CQL group (P0.05); the average integral of optical density value was obviously lower in the positive control group than in the model group. Except the mRNA expression of Ang II in the high dose CQL group at week 6, the mRNA and protein expression of Ang II obviously decreased in the positive control group and each dose CQL group (P0.01, P0.05). Of them, the effects were better in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the positive control group and the low dose CQL group (P0.05, P0.01). Besides, the mRNA expression of COX-2, the average integral of optical density value were obviously lower in the positive control group and each dose CQL group than in the model group (P0.05). The protein expression of COX-2 was obviously lower in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the model group (P0.05). Of them, the mRNA expression of COX-2 was better in the moderate dose CQL group than in the positive control group (P0.05); the protein expression of COX-2 was better in the high dose CQL group than in the low dose CQL group (P0.05).CQL was capable of lowering the expression level of Ang II, COX-2 mRNA transcription and protein expression, thus suppressing the inflammatory pathological injury of the renal tissue.

To investigate the genetic difference of cytochrome oxidase I (CO I ) of Oncomelania snails from the project of afforestation for schistosomiasis control in marshland regions, so as to explore the effects of different ecological environments.The snails were collected from 3 different areas, Anqing, Tongling, Wuwei, i.e. the upstream, midstream and downstream regions along the Yangtz River in Anhui Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the snails, and CO I gene fragments were amplified by PCR, then purified and sequenced. The sequences were edited by using Blast. The CO I genes of O. h. minima and Biomphalaria glabrata were used as the reference of exogenous gene. The genetic distances of the various regions were calculated by the Kimura method and phylogenetic trees were constructed with UPGMA and the NJ method of MEGA (3.1) software.The amplified CO I gene of the snail was a fragment about 700 bp including 2 primers in length. There were little genetic diversity among the different areas, the identities were higher than or equal to 98%. The genetic distances indicated that the distance between the projects of afforestation and woodland in Anqing was 0.003, while Tongling was 0.019, Wuwei was 0.007. The distances among the three projects of afforestation were 0.003-0.012. The two phylogenetic trees were constructed by the methods of UPGMA and NJ respectively, which took on very similar topo-structure in which isolates of Biomphalaria glabrata located in one clade and all the others in the other one. In the other one clade, O. H. minima located in one clade. There was little genetic diversity among Anqing, Tongling, Wuwei clusters. The afforestations of Anqing and Wuwei clustered into one group, while the woodlands of Anqing and Wuwei appeared as another group.There is a little genetic diversity of the snail cytochrome oxidase I (CO I ) in different ecological environments among the upstream, midstream and downstream regions along the Yangtz River in Anhui Province.

In this paper, the working principles of the soil-air heat exchanger were presented, and a related experimental study was conducted. The results demonstrated that the experimental system had good performance in terms of continuity and stability. The temperature and humidity of fresh air became lower after long-term steadily running of this system. To sum up, in humid and hot area, cooling and dehumidification of fresh air by using earth energy was an effective measurement to improve indoor air quality and to save energy in summer.

This paper describes a new species and gives a new record and a re-description of a known species of Trischistoma Cobb, 1913. Trischistoma taiguensis sp. nov. is characterized by having one pair of caudal setae on the tail; female body length of 562–699 µm, a = 35–42, b = 4.1–4.7, c = 11–14, c' = 3.9–4.6 and V = 79–82%. For the first time, Trischistoma pellucidum Cobb, 1913 is recorded from Shanxi Province, China. The phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Trischistoma were analyzed using data from the SSU (small subunit) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA sequences. These analyses confirmed that T. taiguensis sp. nov. and T. pellucidum differ from other known members of the genus for which sequences are available in GenBank.

To investigate the effects and safety of cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA DDS) implanted into vitreous cavity on the treatment of experimental rabbit uveitis.A model of uveitis was established in 30 New Zealand white rabbits (30 eyes). The rabbits were randomized into control group (group A, 6 eyes), intravitreal non-medicated DDS group (group B, 6 eyes), oral CsA group (group C, 6 eyes) and intravitreal CsA DDS group (group D, 12 eyes). The inflammatory parameters such as floating cells, flaring and exudation in anterior chamber were graded. The cells infiltration and degree of opacity in vitreous were scored as well. The electroretinography and histopathological examination in eye, liver and kidney were recorded. In addition, CsA level in vitreous cavity was measured by HPLC in another 13 New Zealand white rabbits that received intravitreal implantation of CsA DDS.Uveitis was successfully induced in the 30 eyes. The inflammation in groups A, B and C was more severe than group D. There was no significant difference between groups D and A or B (P0.05). The electroretinography showed more significant b-wave depression in groups A and B than group D (P0.05). A large amount of inflammatory cells infiltration and marked tissue disorganization were found at ciliary body and retina in groups A and B. The mean drug level in vitreous cavity ws (491.0 +/- 481.6) ng/ml at 4 weeks, (575.2 +/-0373.2) ng/ml at 8 weeks and (301.5 +/- 128.5) ng/ml at 12 weeks. No toxicity could be detected in histological examination by light microscopy.Sustained therapeutic drug level could be achieved by implanting CsA DDS into vitreous cavity. It may effectively reduce the ocular inflammation in the rabbit model of uveitis.

This paper describes three species of the genus Tripyla from New Zealand and provides a key to species based on the mor-phology of females. Tripyla daviesae sp. nov. is characterized by its short body length (L = 1143–1363 μm), relatively anterior vulva ( V = 50–51%), and the length of the gubernaculum (13–17 μm). Tripyla tirau sp. nov. is characterized by its relatively posterior vulva ( V = 55.5–59.5%), relatively short body length (930–1214 μm) and relatively short tail ( c = 7.9–9.8). Tripyla affinis de Man, 1880 was recorded from New Zealand but without a detailed description which is pro-vided here. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships among the species were analyzed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) of the ribosomal rRNA genes , and confirmed that T. daviesae sp. nov. and T. tirau sp. nov. are distinct from all other species for which sequences are available.