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Patchouli alcohol (PA) has been widely used for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) in traditional Chinese medicine, and the related mechanism remains to be fully understood. Our previous study has indicated that PA significantly reduced visceral sensitivity and defecation area in IBS-D rats. In this study, we prepared an IBS-D rat model and observed the dynamic intestinal motility and colonic longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus (LMMP) neurons, as well as their subtypes at D14, D21, and D28. After PA administration, we observed the effects on the changes in intestinal motility, colonic LMMP neurons, and LMMP Myosin Va in IBS-D rats and their co-localization with inhibitory neurotransmitter-related proteins. The results indicated that PA treatment could alleviate IBS-D symptoms, regulate the abnormal expression of LMMP neurons, increase Myosin Va expression, up-regulate co-localization levels of Myosin Va with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and promote co-localization levels of Myosin Va with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the neuropathic alterations in the colon of chronic restraint stress-induced IBS-D rat model. PA reversed the neuropathological alteration by affecting the transport process of nNOS and VIP vesicles via Myosin Va and the function of LMMP inhibitory neurons, and these effects were related to the mechanism of enteric nervous system (ENS) remodeling.

We compared chromosomal mosaicism, detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS), during preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) with that detected by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array-based PGT to assess the pregnancy outcomes associated with both platforms in a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization in a single university-based assisted reproduction center. In total, 6427 blastocysts biopsied from 1513 patients who underwent 2833 oocyte retrievals from January 2017 to February 2019 were identified. The incidence of mosaicism was significantly higher in the NGS-based PGT group than in the SNP array-based PGT group. Furthermore, some aneuploid specimens were affected by mosaicism. The total mosaicism detection rate with NGS-based PGT (23.3%) was significantly higher than that with SNP array-based PGT (7.7%). Mosaicism rates were similar when stratified by maternal age or PGT type. The SNP array cohort showed a significantly higher spontaneous abortion rate than the NGS cohort (10.07% versus 6.33%; P = 0.0403). The ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate was higher in the NGS cohort (44.1%) than in the SNP array cohort (42.28%). Our results confirm that NGS-based PGT can detect mosaicism more frequently than SNP array-based PGT in trophectoderm specimens. Therefore, clinical application of NGS for PGT may improve pregnancy outcomes compared with that of SNP array-based PGT. More detailed blastocyst detection and classification is necessary to prioritize embryo transfers.

In this study, we achieved a facile and low-cost (18-22 USD/g) synthesis of spiro[fluorene-9,9-phenanthren-10-one]-based interfacial layer materials (MSs; designated MS-PC, MS-PA, MS-OC, and MS-OA). Carbazoles and dimethylacridine substituents with an extended π-conjugation achieved through ortho- or para-orientations were used as donors at the spiro[fluorene-9,9'-phenanthren-10'-one] moiety. Highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the device architecture of ITO/NiOx/MSs/perovskite/PC61BM/BCP/Ag can be achieved to improve the surface morphology of NiOx when MSs are adopted as the interfacial layer. During a morphological study, the ortho-orientated donor of MS-OC and MS-OA has spherical structures indicated that the films were smooth and that the films of perovskite deposited on them had large grain size and uniformity. The photoluminescence properties of the perovskite layers on the NiOx/MSs were showed better hole-transporting capabilities than the bare NiOx. The dual-functional interfacial layer has shown defect passivation effect, it not only improved the surface morphology of NiOx but also enlarged the perovskite layer grain size. The best PSC device performance of the NiOx/MS-OC was characterized by 22.34 mA cm-2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 1.128 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), and 80.8% fill factor (FF), resulting in 20.34% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The NiOx/MS-OC PSCs showed good long-term device stability, even retained the original PCE of 93.16% after 370 days under argon (25 °C). Owing to the superior perovskite morphologies of the NiOx/MSs, the resulting devices outperformed the bare NiOx-based PSCs.

Soluble covalent organic cages (COCs) were designed to comprise cryptand inner cavities and multiple metal-chelating sites on windows. The porous liquid formed by well-dispersed COCs in solution pr...

An Ir8Pd4-heteronuclear metal-organic cage (MOC-51) was assembled from bipodal metalloligand [Ir(ppy)2(qpy)(BF4)] (qpy = 4,4′:2′,2″:4″,4‴-quaterpyridine; ppy = 2-phenylpridine) with Pd(II) salt. The cubic barrel shaped MOC shows one-photon and two-photon excited deep-red emission, as well as large singlet oxygen quantum yields under visible light irradiation, therefore exhibiting great potentials in organelles-targeted cell imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Compared with the Ir(III) metalloligand, the Ir8Pd4-MOC showed less dark toxicity and higher mitochondria-targeting efficiency. The localization in mitochondria overcomes the limitation of short lifetime and diffusion distance of ROS in cell, thus improved PDT effect can be obtained in low light dose usage of the MOC. This study presents the first case of Ir-based metal-organic cages for bio-applications in successful integration of imaging diagnosis and photodynamic therapy

Although the photodimerization of acenaphthylene (ACE) has been known for 100 years, the asymmetric cycloaddition of its 1-substituted derivatives is unknown. Herein, we report a supramolecular photochirogenic approach in which a homochiral and photoactive Δ/Λ-[Pd6 (RuL3 )8 ]28+ metal-organic cage (Δ/Λ-MOC-16) is used as a supramolecular reactor for the enantioselective exited-state photocatalysis of 1-Br-ACE. Owing to preorganization of the substrates by the supramolecular cage, stereochemical control of the triplet state, and nanospace transfer of energy and chirality, the cycloaddition of ACE proceeded with high selectivity for the formation of anti over syn stereoisomers, whereas the regio-, stereo-, and enantioselective cycloaddition of unsymmetrical 1-Br-ACE showed effective enantiodifferentiation of a pair of anti head-to-head stereoisomers. The enzyme-mimicking photocatalysis was verified by catalytic turnover, rate enhancement, and competing-guest inhibition experiments.

Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) causes peripheral nerve injury complications with motor and sensory dysfunction of the upper limb. Growing evidence has shown an active role played by cold-water swimming (CWS) in alleviating peripheral neuropathic pain and functional recovery. This study examined whether CWS could promote functional recovery and pain modulation through the reduction of neuroinflammation and microglial overactivation in dorsal horn neurons at the early-stage of BPA. After BPA surgery was performed on rats, they were assigned to CWS or sham training for 5 min twice a day for two weeks. Functional behavioral responses were tested before and after BPA surgery, and each week during training. Results after the two-week training program showed significant improvements in BPA-induced motor and sensory loss (p < 0.05), lower inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuole formation in injured nerves among the BPA–CWS group. Moreover, BPA significantly increased the expression of SP and IBA1 in dorsal horn neurons (p < 0.05), whereas CWS prevented their overexpression in the BPA–CWS group. The present findings evidenced beneficial rehabilitative effects of CWS on functional recovery and pain modulation at early-stage BPA. The beneficial effects are partially related to inflammatory suppression and spinal modulation. The synergistic role of CWS combined with other management approaches merits further investigation.

Supramolecular catalysis of artificial synthetic-hosts is originally bio-inspired for reactivities intrinsic to enzymes, but more exceptional properties and functions may be expected beyond enzyme mimics. Herein we demonstrate that, based on the creation of dynamic nanospaces in solution by highly charged positive coordination cage of [Pd 6 (RuL 3 ) 8 ] 28+ , multirole and multi-way cageconfined catalysis is accomplishable for versatile functions and anomalous reactivities with the aid of biomimetic cage effect. The high cationic-host charges drive partial deprotonation of 24 imidazole-NHs on cage sphere alike imidazole-residuals in proteins, generating amphoteric heterogeneity in solution to enforce effective cavitybasicity against solution-acidity. Synergistic actions arisen from cage hydrophobicity, host-guest electrostatic interactions and imidazole-N coordination facilitate C(sp)-H activation and carbanionic intermediate stabilization of terminal alkynes to achieve unusual H/D-exchange and Glaser coupling under acidic conditions, and enable phase transfers of water-insoluble substrates/products/co-catalysts to make immiscible-phase and bi-phase catalysis feasible, thus providing a useful catalytic protocol to combine merits from homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic and phase transfer catalysis.

Molecular or supramolecular level photoluminescence (PL) modulation combining chemical and photonic input/output signals together in an integrated system can provide potential high-density data memorizing and process functions intended for miniaturized devices and machines. Herein, a PL-responsive supramolecular coordination cage has been demonstrated for complex interactions with redox-active guests. PL signals of the cage can be switched and modulated by adding or retracting Fc derivatives or converting TTF into different oxidation states through chemical or photochemical pathways. As a result, reversible or stepwise PL responses are displayed by these host-guest systems because of the occurrence of photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FREnT) processes, providing unique nanodevice models bearing off/on logic gates or memristor-like sequential memory and Boolean operation functions.

In this study, we achieved a facile and low-cost (18-22 USD/g) synthesis of spiro[fluorene-9,9-phenanthren-10-one]-based interfacial layer materials (

The nanoscale chemical spaces inherent in porous organic/coordination cages or solid/liquid materials have been continuously explored for their nanoconfinement effect on selective adsorption and reaction of small gas or organic molecules. Herein, we aim to rationalize the unconventional chemical reactivities motivated by the cage-confined nanospaces in aqueous solutions, where the robust yet permeable nanospaces defined by the open cages facilitate dynamic guest exchange and unusual chemical reactions. The high positive charges on [(Pd/Pt)6(RuL3)8]28+ nanocages drive imidazole–proton equilibrium to display a significantly perturbed pKa shift, creating cage-defined nanospaces in solution with distinct intrinsic basicity and extrinsic acidity. The supramolecular cage effect plays pivotal roles in elaborating robust solution nanospaces, controlling ingress-and-egress molecular processes through open-cage portals and endowing nanocages with transition-state stabilization, amphoteric reactivities and the phase transfer of insoluble molecules, thus promoting chemical transformations in unconventional ways. Consequently, a wide range of application of cage-confined catalysis with anomalous reactivities may be expected based on this kind of open-cage solution medium, which combines cage nanocavity, solution heterogeneity and liquid-phase fluidity to benefit various potential mass transfer and molecular process options.

Effective conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by visible light represents a potential strategy for sustainable development. Among which, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a relatively small activation energy (1.23 eV, around 1000 nm light irradiation) is especially attractive. In this work, well-distributed platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) with a width of about 3 nm have been successfully immobilized into the confined coordination interspaces of 3.7 nm diameter, which are facilitated by early transition metal Hf(IV)-based clusters of a self-sensitized palladium porphyrin metal–organic framework. Under visible light irradiation, the resultant Pt@Pd-PCN-222(Hf) (which is also denoted as Pt@Pd-PMOF-2(Hf)) displays superb photocatalytic activity, achieving an unprecedented maximum H2 evolution rate of 22 674 μmol g−1 h−1 with a turn-over number (TON) of 4131.2 in 32 h and the highest turn-over frequency (TOF) of 482.5 h−1 based on Pt-NPs. This photocatalyst can be recycled and reused for three successive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. This effective strategy takes advantage of the synergetic effect between Pd-porphyrin photosensitizers and Pt-NP co-catalysts confined within nanoscale coordination interspaces incorporating hydrophilic Hf(IV)-oxo clusters.

Early detection is vital for the prevention and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, existent methods (such as enzyme immunoassay, chemiluminescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay) for early detection of CRC are time consuming, costly and complicated multistage processes, limiting their further applications. Here, a novel label-free and ultrasensitive detection method is developed for CRC protein marker NDKA by Cr3+ ions aggregating Au@Ag NPs (ICNPs) via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra for the first time. The Au@Ag NPs with size-controlled Ag shell thickness (1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm and 9 nm Ag shells) are prepared as the SERS substrates and its Raman signals are Ag shells thickness-dependent sensitivity to proteins. By using Cr3+ ions as aggregating agents, the aggregating effect between the SERS substrates of Au@Ag ICNPs and protein analyte results in significantly enhanced and reproducible Raman signals owing to formation of lots of hotspots. Using this novel method, several label-free proteins, myoglobin (3 fg/mL), human serum albumin (30 fg/mL), lysozyme (30 ng/mL) and cytochrome C (30 ng/mL) were also detected at ultralow concentrations with good reproducibility and high sensitivity, demonstrating the potential applications in the fields of medical therapy and clinical diagnosis.

A Co-MOF, [Co3(HL)2·4DMF·4H2O] was simply synthesized through a one-pot solvothermal method. With the semiconductor nature, its band gap was determined to be 2.95 eV by the Kubelka–Munk method. It is the first trinuclear Co-MOF employed for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction with cobalt–oxygen clusters as catalytic nodes. Hydrogen evolution experiments indicated the activity was related to the photosensitizer, TEOA, solvents, and size of catalyst. After optimization, the best activity of H2 production was 1102 μmol/(g h) when catalyst was ground and then soaked in photosensitizer solution before photoreaction. To display the integrated design of Co-MOF, we used no additional photosensitizer and cocatalyst in the CO2 reduction system. When −NH2 was used for light absorption and a Co–O cluster was used as catalyst, Co-MOF exhibited an activity of 456.0 μmol/(g h). The photocatalytic mechanisms for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction were also proposed.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, in prostate cancer, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs especially ANRIL were largely unknown. We investigated the effects of ANRIL on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells using CCK-8 assay and Transwell migration assay. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to analyze the levels of ANRIL, let-7a, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad7. Our results showed that ANRIL was significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues. Knockdown of ANRIL significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer LNCap, PC3 and DU145 cells. Knockdown of ANRIL significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2, and increased the level of p-Smad7 in prostate cancer LNCap cells. We further found that knockdown of ANRIL significantly enhanced the expression of let-7a, and rescue experiment found that let-7a inhibitor recovered the suppressive effects of ANRIL silencing on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer LNCap, PC3 and DU145 cells. And let-7a inhibitor recovered the suppressive effects of ANRIL silencing on the activity of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in prostate cancer LNCap cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that overexpression of lncRNA ANRIL promoted the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells via regulating let-7a/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

To ensure a physicochemically desired sequence motif to adapt a specific type of secondary structures, we compile an α-helix database allowing complicate search patterns to facilitate a data-driven design of therapeutic peptides. Nearly 1.7 million helical peptides in >130 thousand proteins are extracted along with their interacting partners from the protein data bank (PDB). The sequences of the peptides are indexed with patterns and gaps and deposited in our Therapeutic Peptide Design dataBase (TP-DB). We here demonstrate its utility in three medicinal design cases. By our pattern-based search engine but not PHI-BLAST, we can identify a pathogenic protein, Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a virulence factor of H. pylori, which contains a motif DYKYLE that belongs to the affinity determinant motif DYKXX[DE] of the FLAG-tag and can be recognized by the anti-FLAG M2 antibody. By doing so, the known purification-tag-specific antibody is repurposed into a diagnostic kit for H. pylori. Also by leveraging TP-DB, we discovered a stretch of helical peptide matching the potent membrane-insertion pattern WXXWXXW, elucidated by MD simulations. The newly synthesized peptide has a better minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and much lower cytotoxicity against Candida albicans (fungus) than that of previously characterized homologous antimicrobial peptides. In a similar vein, taking the discontinued anchoring residues in the helix-helix interaction interface as the search pattern, TP-DB returns several helical peptides as potential tumor suppressors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whose helicity and binding affinity were examined by MD simulations. Taken together, we believe that TP-DB and its pattern-based search engine provide a new opportunity for a (secondary-)structure-based design of peptide drugs and diagnostic kits for pathogens without inferring evolutionary homology between sequences sharing the same pattern. TP-DB is made available at http://dyn.life.nthu.edu.tw/design/.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a pivotal role in transporting odorants through the sensillar lymph of insect chemosensory sensilla and increasing the sensitivity of the olfactory system. To address the ligand binding, activation, and release mechanisms of OBPs, we performed a set of conventional molecular dynamics simulations for binding of the odorant-binding protein DhelOBP21 from Dastarcus helophoroides with 18 ligands (1-NPN and 17 volatiles), as well as four constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the open pocket DhelOBP21 at pH 5.0 could bind volatiles and form a closed pocket complex via transformation of its N-terminus into regular Helix at pH 7.0 and vice versa. Moreover, the discrimination of volatiles (selectivity and promiscuity) was determined by the characteristics of both the volatiles and the ‘essential’ and ‘selective’ amino acid residues in OBP binding pockets, rather than the binding affinity of the volatiles. This study put forward a new hypothesis that during the binding of volatiles there are two transitions for the DhelOBP21 amino-terminus: pH- and odorant binding-dependent random-coil-to-helix. Another important finding is providing a framework for the exploration of the complete coil-to-helix transition process and theoretically analyzing its underlying causes at molecular level.

A Co-MOF, [Co

In this paper, a generalized conforming thick/thin plate element based on the quadrilateral area coordinate system called AATF-PQ4 is developed. Based on the governing equations of Mindlin-Reissner plate theory, the fundamental analytical solutions are first derived, then using this trial functions to formulate element AATF-PQ4. In the case of thin plate, this thick/thin plate element is degraded into corresponding thin plate element automatically and is free from shear locking. Numerical examples show that the proposed element, AATF-PQ4, has a good precision for thick and thin plate.

Flavonoids are potential antibacterial agents. However, key substituents and mechanism for their antibacterial activity have not been fully investigated. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking of flavonoids relating to potent anti-Escherichia coli agents were investigated. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were developed by using the pIC50 values of flavonoids. The cross-validated coefficient (q2) values for CoMFA (0.743) and for CoMSIA (0.708) were achieved, illustrating high predictive capabilities. Selected descriptors for the CoMFA model were ClogP (logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient), steric and electrostatic fields, while, ClogP, electrostatic and hydrogen bond donor fields were used for the CoMSIA model. Molecular docking results confirmed that half of the tested flavonoids inhibited DNA gyrase B (GyrB) by interacting with adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) pocket in a same orientation. Polymethoxyl flavones, flavonoid glycosides, isoflavonoids changed their orientation, resulting in a decrease of inhibitory activity. Moreover, docking results showed that 3-hydroxyl, 5-hydroxyl, 7-hydroxyl and 4-carbonyl groups were found to be crucial active substituents of flavonoids by interacting with key residues of GyrB, which were in agreement with the QSAR study results. These results provide valuable information for structure requirements of flavonoids as antibacterial agents.

GA-Bp network model was proposed. GA was used to optimize the initial real values population of Bp network, and optimizing crossover fraction was fulfilled. In addition, the modified GA-Bp was applied to predict the deformation of the surrounding rock around tunnels.

To better understand the distributed characteristics of key minerals of China, a systematic analysis regarding the mining rights and prospecting rights for coal, iron, copper, aluminum, and other key minerals was done all over the country. The characteristics of the national mining rights of key minerals shows as followings: too much underground mining rights, less prospecting rights, the scale of mining rights is relative small and the geological distribution is unbalance. The analysis result can provide an important reference to mining rights management and mineral resource deployment.

The study explored titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) at 40 °C. The leakage current density was about 8.4 × 10 −6 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm. The interface trap density ( D it ) and the flat-band voltage shift (Δ V FB ) were 2.3 × 10 12 cm −2 eV −1 and 1.2 V, respectively. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in the ambient N 2 at 350 °C for 1 min, the leakage current density, D it , and Δ V FB were improved to 2.4 × 10 −6 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm, 7.3 × 10 11 cm −2 eV −1 , and 1.0 V, respectively. Finally, the study demonstrates the application to the AlGaAs/InGaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-PHEMT). The results indicate the potential of the proposed device with a LPD-TiO 2 gate oxide for power application.

This research was to reveal the influence of cooling water pipe on temperature field in concrete with different numerical methods. The effect of cooling water was simulated by the finite element methods contained the approximate method and the coupling method. The results showed that the temperatures were calculated by approximate method were lower than the results of coupling method, and the largest difference in temperature was 1.52°C. The temperature gradient changed obviously near the water pipe and the effective cooling length of the water pipe along the radial direction was 0.1m. Moreover, the largest temperature error was 3.95％ in the hydration time of 24h, and away from the water pipe 0.2m through compared the results of two methods. The results would be helpful to research the combine water pipe thermal field on concrete, and predict the temperature cracks in the construction engineering.

A finite element method was developed to reveal the thermal characteristics of concrete with a cooling pipe, and the influence of cooling pipe on thermal field was calculated by the coupled fluid flow and solid heat transfer method. Temperature distribution along the pipeline was calculated and the mean Nusselt numbers on each section in the cooling pipe also were obtained. Numerical results show that the flow field and the temperature distribution were very complexly and the heat transfer was severely attenuated in the bend position, the outboard temperature of pipe was higher than the inboard temperature. In addition, in order to study the effect of the cooling pipe on thermal distribution, the temperature of different positions at the hydration time were compared with the no cooling results. The present results could be helpful to predict the temperature cracks in structure engineering.

The Equivalent Linear Method is a common way used in earthquake engineering to analyze nonlinear site seismic response, but the response under strong motion is underestimated by the way. For analyzing nonlinear response more veritably, in the study, a time-domain nonlinear analysis method was proposed and used in a case for 1D seismic response analysis of soil layers under strong motion. The results obviously showed that, comparing with true nonlinear method, the Equivalent Linear Method underestimated in the case in natural period range of common civil engineering structures. The true nonlinear method adopted in the study is more fitful for nonlinear response of soil layers under strong motion.

In this work, an attempt to fabricate nanostructured metallization patterns on SiO(2) dielectric layers is made by using plasma-patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), in conjunction with a novel aqueous seeding and electroless process. Taking octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) as a test material, the authors demonstrate that optimizing the N(2)-H(2) plasma conditions leads to the successive conversion of the topmost aliphatic chains of alkyl SAMs to carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl (C-OH) functional groups, which was previously found in alkyl SAMs only by exposure to "oxygen-based" plasma. Further modifying the plasma-exposed (either COOH or C-OH terminated) regions with an aqueous solution (SC-1) creates surface functionalities that are viable for site-controlled metallic seeding (e.g., Co or Ni) with an adsorption selectivity of greater than 1000:1. Neither the combination of costly PdCl(2) and complex additives nor the demerits of the associated aqueous chemistry (e.g., seed agglomeration and seed sparseness) are involved. Therefore, the seed particles are only 3 nm in size. Simultaneously, there are sufficient particle densities previously unattainable for electroless deposition to trigger highly resolved Cu metallization patterns with a film thickness of less than 10 nm. The formation of the seed-adsorbing sites is discussed, based on a plasma-dissociated, water-mediated chemical oxidation route.

The liquid phase deposition (LPD) was used to deposit silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) layer on AlGaAs near room temperature. The LPD method is not only simple but also can obtain the SiO 2 very economically. Both the aqueous solution of hydro-fluosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) were used for the LPD solution. After rapid temperature annealing (RTA) at 300°C for 1 min, the leakage current density is ~ 4.24 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm, and the interface trap density is ~ 1.7 × 1011 cm−2eV−1 for the LPD-SiO 2 thickness of 29 nm.

Combination therapy can help overcome limitations in the treatment of heterogeneous tumors. In the current study, we examined whether multiple therapeutic agents could be targeted to anti-dansyl single-chain antibodies (DNS scFv) that were anchored on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. Functional DNS scFv could be stably expressed on CT-26 colon cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Dansyl moieties were covalently attached to recombinant beta-glucuronidase (betaG) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) via a flexible poly(ethylene glycol) linker to form DNS-PEG-betaG and DNS-PEG-IL-2 conjugates. The conjugates displayed enzymatic and splenocyte-stimulatory activities, respectively, that were similar to those of the unmodified proteins. The conjugates selectively bound CT-26 cells that expressed anti-DNS scFv (CT-26/DNS cells) but not CT-26 cells that expressed control scFv (CT-26/phOx cells). DNS-PEG-betaG preferentially activated a glucuronide prodrug (BHAMG) of p-hydroxy aniline mustard at CT-26/DNS cells in culture and accumulated in subcutaneous CT-26/DNS tumors after intravenous administration. Systemic administration of DNS-PEG-IL-2 or DNS-PEG-betaG and BHAMG significantly delayed the growth of CT-26/DNS but not control CT-26/phOx tumors. Combination treatment with DNS-PEG-betaG and BHAMG followed by DNS-PEG-IL-2 therapy significantly suppressed the growth of CT-26/DNS tumors as compared to either single-agent regimen. These results show that at least two DNS-modified therapeutic agents can be selectively delivered to DNS scFv receptors in vitro and in vivo, allowing combination therapy of DNS scFv-modified tumors.

The silicon dioxide (SiO2) on AlGaAs prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) at 40 °C has been explored. The LPD-SiO2 film deposition rate is about 67 nm h−1 for the first hour. The leakage current density is about 1.21 × 10−6 A cm−2 at 1 MV cm−1. The interface trap density (Dit) and the flat-band voltage shift (ΔVFB) are 1.28 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1 and 0.5 V, respectively. After rapid thermal annealing in the N2 ambient at 300 °C for 1 min, the leakage current density, Dit, and ΔVFB can be improved to 4.24 × 10−7 A cm−2 at 1 MV cm−1, 1.7 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1, and 0.2 V, respectively. Finally, this study demonstrates the application of the LPD-SiO2 film to the AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor.