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The postoperative evaluation of cleft lip is an important means to improve the operation method and the effect of the restoration. In recent years, the methods of cleft lip repair, such as Chinese western rotary propulsion, reconstruction of labial and nasal muscle tension band+trefoil flap, etc., have been developed. However, at present, there are still many secondary deformities, such as obvious scars and alar collapse. In this paper, in a review of the previous literature, the existing methods, advantages and disadvantages, and the application of the evaluation of the postoperative effect of cleft lip were reviewed. To date, there are many methods that can be used to evaluate the effect of cleft lip surgery. These research methods can be divided into subjective evaluation and objective evaluation, such as subjective evaluation, direct measurement, photo measurement, and three-dimensional scanning measurement. Among them, the subjective evaluation is simple, but the reliability is poor, and this method is suitable for all patients with cleft lip. The direct measurement has a low cost and is only suitable for one-dimensional information measurement, but the accuracy is poor, so it is difficult to determine the endpoints. The time of the photo measurement method is short, which can avoid tissue deformation, but it is easy to produce errors; this method is suitable for patients with cleft lip who can cooperate. The three-dimensional scanning measurement has a high accuracy, is time consuming and is a simple method but has a high cost and is suitable for areas with appropriate equipment conditions. Overall, the evaluation of the postoperative effect of cleft lip surgery should combine subjective evaluation with objective evaluation, dynamic evaluation with static evaluation, and utilize long-term follow-up to obtain comprehensive and accurate information and provide a reference for clinicians to carry out cleft lip surgery.

The mechanism of cracks initiation and propagation of high strength aluminum alloy rims for heavy vehicles were analyzed. Tensile testing machine,optical microscopy,scanning electronic microscope and energy disperse spectrometer detailed characterization of the mechanical properties,fracture morphology,crack characteristics and corrosion products of aluminum alloy wheel respectively. The results show that the crack is look like the shape"Z",expanding along the grain boundary and fracture;there are corrosive elements Cl and S at the crack initiation zone and crack extension area,with characteristics of typical stress corrosion. According to the actual assembly and service condition,it exist electric potential difference between aluminum alloy wheel and steel lock ring under the condition of corrosive medium,which will generate galvanic corrosion. After T6 heat treatment,there areηphase,S phase and θ phase on the grain boundary of 7 A04 aluminum alloy. In the corrosion environment,the matrix grain priority to dissolute itself as anodic,which makes the grain boundary become active path,crack propagation along the path lead to fracture.

Copper‐based bimetallic heterojunction catalysts facilitate the deep electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2RR) to produce high‐value‐added organic compounds, which hold significant promise. Understanding the influence of copper interactions with other metals on the adsorption strength of various intermediates is crucial as it directly impacts the reaction selectivity. In this review, an overview of the formation mechanism of various catalytic products in eCO2RR is provided and highlight the uniqueness of copper‐based catalysts. By considering the different metals' adsorption tendencies toward various reaction intermediates, metals are classified, including copper, into four categories. The significance and advantages of constructing bimetallic heterojunction catalysts are then discussed and delve into the research findings and current development status of different types of copper‐based bimetallic heterojunction catalysts. Finally, insights are offered into the design strategies for future high‐performance electrocatalysts, aiming to contribute to the development of eCO2RR to multi‐carbon fuels with high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To separate platinum from other impurity elements, ammonium chloride was used to selectively precipitate platinum in the state of ammonium chloroplatinate from the tail solution containing different platinum compounds. And then ammonium chloroplatinate was reduced via a liquid phase chemical reduction method to produce ultrafine platinum powder. The effects of chemical species of the intermediate, the concentration of (NH4)2PtCl6 solution, the type and amount of dispersants on the particle size, specific surface area and morphology of platinum powder were investigated. The results show that the morphology and particle size of the obtained platinum powder are not affected by the type of the tail solutions, and the average particle size of the powder prepared under the optimized conditions is about 150 nm and the purity is 99.99%. Therefore, the method developed in this study can be used for directly preparing ultrafine platinum powder from the tail liquid from the production process of various platinum compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]