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[Objective] The water chemical characteristics and irrigation suitability evaluation of surface water body in areas around Yuelu Mountain in Xiangjiang River basin were analyzed in order to provide theoretical support for ecological environment protection and scientific decision-making of integrated water resources management in this area. [Methods] The study was conducted in the area around Yuelu Mountain. Water samples of precipitation, mountainous creek water, and Xiangjiang River water were collected from December 2020 to November 2021. The water chemical characteristics and factors influencing each water body were analyzed by using Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, end-member diagram, etc. [Results] The main anions and cations of precipitation were Ca2+, K+, SO2-4, and NO-3, with no obvious water chemical type. The main anions and cations of mountainous creek water were Ca2+ and NO-3, and the water chemical types were Cl-Ca·Mg and Cl-Ca. The main anions and cations of Xiangjiang River water were Ca2+ and HCO-3, and the water chemical type was HCO3-Ca. Mountainous creek water was primarily influenced by atmospheric precipitation and carbonate rock weathering, whereas Xiangjiang River water was more influenced by carbonate rock weathering. [Conclusion] Na+%, SAR, and RSC indexes, and the USSL diagram and Wilcox diagram results were good. The mountainous creek water and Xiangjiang River water in the areas around Yuelu Mountain are suitable for irrigation and are not prone to salt or alkali damage.

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The Tian Shan mountain range, known as the water towers of Central Asia, plays a key role in local water supply, yet large uncertainties remain about the amount of water that is stored in its glaciers. In this study, we assess the impact of the boundary conditions on ice thickness estimates using two inversion models: a mass conservation (MC) model and a basal shear stress (BS) model. We compare the widely used Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6 with the updated Glacier Area Mapping for Discharge from the Asian Mountains glacier inventory, as well as two digital elevation models (SRTM DEM and Copernicus DEM). The results show that the ice volume (in ~2000 CE) in the Tian Shan range is 661.0 ± 163.5 km3 for the MC model and 552.8 ± 85.3 km3 for the BS model. There are strong regional differences due to inventory, especially for glaciers in China (17–25%). However, the effect of different DEM sources on ice volume estimation is limited. By the end of the 21st century, the projected mass loss differences between inventories are higher than between adjacent emission scenarios, illustrating the vital importance of high-quality inventories. These differences should be carefully considered during water resource planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro‐geochemical data indicated that silicate weathering in this area was inhibited by low temperatures, while carbonate weathering was promoted by the abundant clastic rocks with fresh surfaces produced by glacial action. Carbonate weathering dominated the riverine solute generation (with a contribution of 58%, 51%, and 43% at the QiangYong Glacier (QYG), the WengGuo Hydrological Station (WGHS), and the lake estuary (LE), respectively). The oxidation of pyrite contributed to 35%, 42%, and 30% of the riverine solutes, while silicate weathering contributed to 5%, 6%, and 26% of the riverine solutes at the QYG, WGHS, and LE, respectively. The alluvial deposit of easily weathering fine silicate minerals, the higher air temperature, plant density, and soil thickness at the downstream LE in comparison to upstream and midstream may lead to longer contact time between pore water and mineral materials, thus enhancing the silicate weathering. Because of the involvement of sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite, carbonate weathering in the upstream and midstream did not consume atmospheric CO2, resulting in the high rate of carbonate weathering (73.9 and 75.6 t km−2 yr−1, respectively, in maximum) and potential net release of CO2 (with an upper constraint of 35.6 and 35.2 t km−2 yr−1, respectively) at the QYG and WGHS. The above results indicate the potential of the glaciated area of the Tibetan Plateau with pyrite deposits being a substantial natural carbon source, which deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, kinship testing is very common in forensic caseworks, but the power of autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STRs) may be limited in complex cases. X-Chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs), having a unique heritage mode, should be of special use in some deficient cases. To evaluate and compare the potential of A-STR and X-STR as supplement genetic markers in deficient kinship testing, we simulated 10,000 duos for each of 18 kinds of relationships involving full sibling, half-sibling, grandparent-grandchild, and uncle/aunt-nephew/niece. Loci from STRTyper10, PowerPlex 16, and Investigator Argus X-12 were studied in Southern Han Chinese and the distribution of likelihood ratio (LR) values was analysed. With the addition of the X-12 system, the distribution of LR values for the full sisters, paternal half-sisters, paternal grandmother-granddaughters, maternal aunt-nieces, and maternal aunt-nephews separated much more obviously from those of unrelated duos, and the effectiveness was 1.0000, 0.99865, 0.9991, 0.8996 and 0.9634, respectively, which was more efficient than A-STRs. For the individual duos with other relationships, the effects of adding X-STRs and A-STRs were similar. Therefore, for the Southern Han Chinese, X-STRs can be very useful in kinship testing involving full sisters, paternal half-sisters, paternal grandmother-granddaughters, and maternal aunt-nieces/nephews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 31 samples were selected from two ice cores collected from Aru and Guriya glaciers in the TP, and four water-soluble metal ions, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were analyzed and compared with these three instruments to seek for the best analysis scheme. The results show that IC and ICP-MS can both meet the requirements except ICP-OES, especially in K+ analysis. The results were highly consistent, with the correlation coefficients (R²) all above 0.97 and there is no evidence that the measured values from ICP-MS are higher than that from IC. Therefore, in addition to IC, ICP-MS is also an effective method to determine water-soluble metal ions in snow and ice samples from the TP. Meanwhile, the analysis speed of ICP-MS is much faster than IC, and micro and trace elements can also be determined at the same time, which means ICP-MS is very suitable for the rapid analysis of large quantities of ice core samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the introduction of models based on the immune system, new algorithms suitable for processing analytical signals are described. By imitating the defense mechanism of the immune system, the algorithms iteratively eliminate antigens (multi-component analytical signals) with antibodies (standard signals of assumed components) until the remaining antigens (residual signal) approach a minimum and do not change. By using these algorithms, information can be obtained for each component to provide a quantitative result. Applications of these algorithms to the resolution of chromatograms, photoacoustic spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals and two-dimensional chromatograms are summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study is aimed at detecting diatom in lung, liver and kidney tissues using PCR - DHPLC technology after different periods of enzyme digestion to assess the effect of enzyme digestion on the detection of diatom species. Twenty Randomly selected experimental rabbits were drowned at the same place. Their liver, kidney, and lung tissues were removed for sampling. After the extraction of DNA from the samples, amplification was conducted with specific primers of the SSU gene of diatom. Then, an analysis was performed with agarose gel electrophoresis and DHPLC. Within 2 h-8 h, the amount of the diatom species found in the lung gradually increased over time and was statistically significant <. After 8 h, with enzyme digestion, the amount of the diatom species found in lung showed no significant increase (>). However, as for the liver and kidney, within 2h-6h, the amount of the diatom species gradually increased over time and was statistically significant <. After 6h, the fig. did not present significant growth (>). The amount of the diatom species found in the organs after different periods of digestion time had significant differences, which provides a reference for the detection of diatoms and also, has a good application prospect in the forensic identification of drowning.