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Capacitive deionization is an emerging water desalination technology for industrial applications. Recent advancements in electrode design and system development have led to the reporting of ultra-high salt adsorption performance, benefiting its potential application in agricultural water treatment at a potentially low cost. In this study, we provide a comprehensive summary of the porous electrode design strategy to achieve ultra-high ion adsorption performance, considering factors such as experimental parameters, chemically tuned material properties, redox chemistry and smart nanoarchitecture for future electrode design. Furthermore, we endeavor to establish a correlation between capacitive deionization (CDI) technology and its applicability in the agricultural sector, specifically concentrating on water treatment with an emphasis on undesirable ions associated with salinity, hardness, and heavy metals, to achieve harmless irrigation. Additionally, to ensure the efficient and cost-effective application of CDI systems in agriculture, a thorough overview of the literature on CDI cost analysis is presented. By addressing these aspects, we anticipate that ultra-high salt adsorption CDI systems hold great promise in future agricultural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The milling chatter is a form of self-excited,unstable vibration in the process of machining,which may result in low machining quality,poor accuracy and surface finish,as well as accelerated tool wear,aside from damaging the cutting spindle and machined part.A semi-discretization method for predicting the stability of milling process with multiple time delays to study cutting chatter is presented.Taking the unequal pitch milling as example,the comparison between this method and the existing zero order analysis method is carried out,through the theoretical verification,the proposed method with variable pitch cutter in the spindle between 8 000 to 9 000r/min will obtain greater stability prediction limit,while in other revolution range,two predictive results are in good congruency.

Given that currently more high-efficiency photocatalysts are needed to address environmental pollution, this paper has proposed an effective method of P123-modified synthesis of BiOCl nanosheet/bismuth nitrate (BiOCl/BBN) heterojunctions. The photocatalytic results showed that the BiOCl nanosheet with BiOCl/BBN heterojunctions (BOC-1) exhibited 100% efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB within 3 min under visible light, simultaneously demonstrating beneficial stability and recyclability. The effectiveness of the photocatalytic activity of BOC-1 was ascribed to the formation of BiOCl/BBN heterojunctions and P123 modification, which facilitated the separation of carriers. This study offers a convenient and effective approach for the synthesis of high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts for the removal of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the difference of photosynthetic physiological indexes between leaf and bark of '84K' poplar under drought stress and rewatering, the cutting seedlings of '84K' poplar were treated with drought and rewatering for 7 days. The content of chlorophyll, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves and bark were measured. The results showed that the total chlorophyll content of bark was obviously lower than that of leaves. Compared with the control, the difference of chlorophyll (a + b) between drought and rewatering treatment was not significant. The chlorophyll (a + b) of drought treatment decreased significantly by 13.48%, and rewatering treatment could restore to the control level. The chlorophyll a/b of the bark was higher than that of the leaves, which indicated that the bark had a strong ability to utilize the weak light. Under drought stress, the actual photosynthetic rate of bark and leaves decreased by 46.71% and 67.59% respectively, and recovered to 74.45% and 57.55% after rewatering. Drought treatment had no significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of bark, but had significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves. The effects of drought stress on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves were obvious, but the bark was not sensitive to drought stress. After rewatering, most of the photosynthetic parameters of leaves restored to the control level, showing a superior recovery ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that xylem embolism can be repaired by bark water uptake and that the sugar required for embolism refilling can be provided by corticular photosynthesis. However, the relationship between corticular photosynthesis and embolism repair by bark water uptake is still poorly understood. In this study, the role of corticular photosynthesis in embolism repair was assessed using Salix matsudana branch segments dehydrated to −1.9 MPa (P50, water potential at 50% loss of conductivity). The results indicated that corticular photosynthesis significantly promoted water uptake and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the bark and xylem during soaking, thereby effectively enhancing the refilling of the embolized vessels and the recovery of hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, the influence of the extent of dehydration on the embolism refilling enhanced by corticular photosynthesis was investigated. The enhanced refilling effects were much higher in the mildly dehydrated (−1.5 MPa) and moderately dehydrated (−1.9 MPa) branch segments than in the severely dehydrated (−2.2 MPa) branch segments. This study provides evidence that corticular photosynthesis plays a crucial role in xylem embolism repair by bark water uptake for mildly and moderately dehydrated branches. Corticular photosynthesis promoted water uptake and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the bark and xylem of dehydrated Salix matsudana branch segments during soaking. Maintenance of corticular photosynthesis in the wetted branch segments effectively enhanced the refilling of embolized vessels and the recovery of hydraulic conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]