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Currently, the focus of stochastic resonance (SR) research is primarily on bistable systems, and classical bistable SR systems have the problems of low dimension, inconvenient parameter adjustment, and high threshold for SR effects. In this paper, based on the classic bistable system, a class of multi-dimensional single potential well SR systems without transition threshold is proposed and applied to signal processing. Firstly, the mechanism of double potential well SR and single potential well SR is studied. On this basis, a kind of multi-dimensional single potential well SR system is defined and its theoretical conditions are analyzed. Then a specific four-dimensional single potential well SR system is constructed, and the dynamics of the system is analyzed. The gain range and the approximate relationship between the system input and the four-dimensional output are derived. Finally, the four-dimensional single potential well SR system is applied to the processing of various signals. The experimental results show that the constructed system has good noise reduction and feature amplification effects on noisy signals through the advantages of multi-dimensional output, and can be used to highlight the fault feature frequency in bearing fault signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion The microneedle fractional radiofrequency system (MFRS) is able to rejuvenate facial appearance by heating and coagulating certain depth of skin tissue.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel vacuum‐assisted MFRS for facial contour tightening.This prospective, randomized, split‐face study included 21 patients who underwent three treatments with a vacuum‐assisted MFRS at 1‐month intervals. Half of the face was treated with the MFRS; the other half was untreated (control). Facial volume changes and wrinkles were objectively measured using a three‐dimensional imaging system and VISIA‐CR.Volume changes of the treated midface were −0.24 ± 0.75, −0.59 ± 0.92, and −0.55 ± 0.65 mL at 1, 3, 6 months follow‐up; however, measurements of the control side were 0.08 ± 0.70, −0.08 ± 0.53, and − 0.10 ± 0.86 mL, indicating significant reductions (p < 0.05). The number of facial wrinkles on the treated side was significantly reduced to 12.44 ± 4.85 at 3 months and sustained at 6 months (11.11 ± 4.100) compared to the control side (14.89 ± 5.26 and 13.22 ± 4.44, respectively; p < 0.05). No long‐term side effects occurred.The vacuum‐assisted MFRS is safe and effective and is recommended for improving facial tightening and reducing wrinkles. This technology is sufficient to ensure the insertion depth, thus helping to improve the treatment accuracy and safety. The MFRS provides sustained effects for at least 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein phase separation plays a very important role in many biological processes and is closely related to the occurrence and development of some serious diseases. So far, the fluorescence imaging method and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) have been frequently used to study the phase separation behavior of proteins. Due to the wide size distribution of protein condensates in phase separation from nano-scale to micro-scale in solution and living cells, it is difficult for the fluorescence imaging method and conventional FCS to fully reflect the real state of protein phase separation in the solution due to the low spatio-temporal resolution of the conventional fluorescence imaging method and the limited detection area of FCS. Here, we proposed a novel method for studying the protein phase separation process by objective scanning-based fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (Scan-FCCS). In this study, CRDBP proteins were used as a model and respectively fused with fluorescent proteins (EGFP and mCherry). We first compared conventional FCS and Scan-FCS methods for characterizing the CRDBP protein phase separation behaviors and found that the reproducibility of Scan-FCS is significantly improved by the scanning mode. We studied the self-fusion process of mCherry-CRDBP and EGFP-CRDBP and observed that the phase change concentration of CRDBP was 25 nM and the fusion of mCherry-CRDBP and EGFP-CRDBP at 500 nM was completed within 70 min. We studied the effects of salt concentration and molecular crowding agents on the phase separation of CRDBP and found that salt can prevent the self-fusion of CRDBP and molecular crowding agents can improve the self-fusion of CRDBP. Furthermore, we found the recruitment behavior of CRDBP to β-catenin proteins and studied their recruitment dynamics. Compared to conventional FCS, Scan-FCCS can significantly improve the reproducibility of measurements due to the dramatic increase of detection zone, and more importantly, this method can provide information about self-fusion and recruitment dynamics in protein phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the performance of sliding mode observer in detecting the state of induction motor, a state detection method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)-backstepping (BS)-sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed in this paper. In this method, the controller is constructed and the parameters of the control rate are optimized, so that the tracking accuracy and robustness of the new observer are improved relative to conventional observer, exponential observer, PI and PID. Firstly, the state equation of the induction motor under stator and rotor winding fault and stator current sensor fault is established. Secondly, the new sliding mode observer is designed using the backstepping method based on the new reaching law. Then, the new fitness function and PSO is used to optimize the parameters of the new sliding mode observer. Finally, the simulation comparison experiment of stator current state detection is carried out under the simulated fault condition of induction motor. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing the state tracking situation and the state detection error. The comparative experimental results show that the method has less jitter, stronger robustness, and higher state tracking accuracy when detecting stator current states under different faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the development of integrated circuit and communication technology, digital secure communication has become a research hotspot. This paper aims to design a five-dimensional fractional-order chaotic secure communication circuit with sliding mode synchronous based on microcontroller (MCU). Design/methodology/approach: First, a five-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system for encryption is constructed. The approximate numerical solution of fractional-order chaotic system is calculated by Adomian decomposition method, and the phase diagram is obtained. Then, combined with the complexity and 0–1 test algorithm, the parameters of fractional-order chaotic system for encryption are selected. In addition, a sliding mode controller based on the new reaching law is constructed, and its stability is proved. The chaotic system can be synchronized in a short time by using sliding mode control synchronization. Findings: The electronic circuit is implemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed scheme. Originality/value: It is feasible to realize fractional-order chaotic secure communication using MCU, and further reducing the synchronization error is the focus of future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of macrocheilia secondary to port-wine stains is complicated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose an innovative method for treating macrocheilia on the lower lip. METHODS: Patients who underwent the reconstruction of macrocheilia on the lower lip through the innovative approach were examined. Their preoperative and postoperative standard photographs were taken to evaluate the changes in lip length and thickness. The scores on Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients who underwent the reconstruction of macrocheilia were examined. A follow-up of 12.2 months (6–36 months) was conducted. The lower lip contour and the mentolabial groove were reconstructed to normal appearance. The lip length was shortened from 5.38 ± 0.49 cm pretreatment to 4.59 ± 0.30 cm posttreatment (p =.016). The exposed vermilion was shortened from 2.05 ± 0.48 cm to 1.26 ± 0.12 cm posttreatment (p <.01). The mean VSS and VAS scores were 2.2 ± 1.5 and 8.4 ± 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: The bilateral limited excision and stepwise single-stage approach were safe and effective for reconstructing prominent macrocheilia on the lower lip. The technique was also easy to command for the beginners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital image plays an important role of information carrier with the rapid development of information technology. In this paper, a compressible image encryption method based on nondegenerate hyperchaos is proposed. Firstly, a nondegenerate hyperchaotic system based on the nonlinear feedback controller is designed, and its dynamic characteristic is analyzed. The image information is compressed by integer discrete cosine transform (DCT). Then the image encryption algorithm is proposed by using the pseudo‐random sequence generated by hyperchaotic system. Finally, the proposed scheme is realized by using ZYNQ development platform. The security of proposed scheme is enhanced by the nondegenerate hyperchaotic system, and the data volume for encryption algorithm is reduced by DCT preprocessing without affecting the image visual quality. The hardware implementation based on ZYNQ platform shows the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Through the security analysis of the experimental results, it is verified that the image can be well encrypted by the proposed method with great performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, stochastic resonance (SR) based on Duffing and Langevin equations has been widely studied, but there is little research on SR phenomenon in higher-dimensional fractional-order systems. Based on the fractional-order Lorenz-like system, the SR phenomenon is studied from the perspective of equilibrium point in this paper. The dynamic process of SR phenomenon is presented, and several key parameters are derived. The results of numerical simulation show that the boundary of SR and chaos system will be broken if the order of the fractional-order system or internal parameters is properly adjusted, and the effect of SR phenomenon will also be influenced. This paper connects two important nonlinear phenomena (chaos and SR) based on the fractional-order system, which provides a new idea for the conversion between chaos and SR systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that glycerol can act as an optical clearing agent (OCA) to increase the light penetration through the skin and laser deposition to the target chromophore, thus potentially increasing the efficacy of laser treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a pulsed dye laser (PDL) in combination with an OCA can increase the efficacy in treating port-wine stains (PWSs). METHODS: Thirteen patients with untreated PWSs underwent 3 treatment sessions at 6-week intervals. Each PWS was divided into OCA + PDL sites (PDL treatment after topical use of 0.5 mL hydrous glycerol for 5 minutes), PDL sites, and untreated sites. The chromametric evaluation and visual evaluation (VAS) of the efficacy and the assessment of side effects were conducted 3 months after the final treatment. RESULTS: Visual evaluation was 2.69 versus 2.07 (p =.025) and 3.38 versus 3.07 (p =.04) for OCA + PDL and PDL-only sites after the first and second sessions. After the third session, the chromameter and VAS indicated no significant difference between the 2 sites. Permanent side effects were not observed. CONCLUSION: Greater efficacy was observed after the first 2 treatments on the OCA + PDL sites. Although after multiple sessions, the OCA + PDL treatment did not improve efficacy over just PDL alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of molecular targets for achieving beneficial effects from small-molecule drugs is a crucial and currently unsolved challenge, which leads to high costs and long development cycles. Therefore, it is urgent to develop methods for easily and quickly acquiring information about protein–drug interaction at a molecular level. In this study, we propose a novel method for the study of protein–drug interaction by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) based on organic solvent-induced protein aggregation. We used β-secretase (BACE-1) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) as model proteins. Fluorescence-labelled proteins aggregated in aqueous solutions containing organic solvents. In the presence of drugs, the aggregation of proteins was inhibited greatly, and FCS was used to characterize protein aggregates. The decrease in the characteristic diffusion time (τD) of protein aggregates demonstrated a strong interaction between proteins and drug molecules. We presented a new parameter IC50 to assess the inhibitory effects of drugs on the basis of the changes in the τD of fluorescence-labelled proteins under different concentrations of the drugs in the presence of organic solvents. We acquired a remarkable difference in the IC50 values for different drugs and in terms of the trend, our results were consistent with those reported by other methods. Compared with current methods, our approach is simple, low-cost, and time-saving, and has the potential to become a promising and universal tool for drug screening at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this paper, a nine-dimensional chaotic system is designed and applied to secure communication. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, the equilibrium characteristics, dissipativity, bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent spectrum are used to analyze the relevant characteristics of the proposed nine-dimensional chaotic system. In the analysis of Lyapunov exponential spectrum, when changing the linear parameters, the system shows two states, hyperchaos and chaos. For secure communication, there is a large secret key space. Secondly, C0 complexity and SEcomplexity of the system are analyzed, which shows that the system has sequences closer to random sequences. Findings: The proposed nine-dimensional system has a large key space and more complex dynamic characteristics Originality/value: The results show that the proposed nine-dimensional hyperchaotic system has excellent encryption capabilities and can play an important role in the field of secure communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a five-dimensional hyperchaotic system for secure communication based on MCU is proposed. First, a five-dimensional hyperchaotic system is constructed and the features such as equilibrium stability and Lyapunov exponents are analyzed. The states of this system with different parameters are studied, including periodic, hyperchaotic and chaotic state. Next, the complexity of system is analyzed. By analyzing the complexity of each dimension, the correctness of system selection is verified and the dimension with the highest complexity is selected for communication encryption. Then, the hardware circuit is designed. The encryption and decryption of square wave signal are completed through simulation which realizing the secure communication. Finally, the accuracy of system and the algorithm of realizing chaos of MCU are adjusted, and the system after adjustment is in a chaotic state verified by 0–1 test, the chaos is successfully generated by MCU. Using MCU can reduce the hardware cost of signal encryption greatly, and apply five-dimensional hyperchaotic system to secure communication can not only improve the security but also enhance the anti-interference ability in the process of signal transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐scale intracontinental deformations were developed in response to the tectonic evolution of the southern Longmenshan tectonic belt (LMS) on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Detailed studies, including field structural analysis and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), were conducted on sedimentary rocks in the foreland basin of the southern Longmenshan tectonic belt (FBSL) in order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the southern LMS. Field observations show that FBSL deformations are mainly characterized by broad and gentle folds in a NE–SW direction and shallow thrust faults. At least two sedimentary discontinuities and two‐stage deformations occurred after the deposition of Cretaceous strata. Samples of magnetic fabrics from the Qionglai–Changshiba profile were characterized by the triaxial magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids common in sedimentary rocks. The magnetic fabrics of the profile represent a weak deformation that was associated with layer‐parallel shortening before folding and mainly reflect the Mesozoic–Cenozoic NW–SE convergence. There are also the following atypical magnetic fabrics: magnetic foliation that is oblique to the bedding and that was associated with layer‐parallel simple shearing during folding; and magnetic lineation that is to varying degrees oblique to the strike of bedding and represents a superposition of structures. Based on the correlation results of magnetic fabrics for samples of different ages, a tectonic superposition since the Late Indosinian Orogeny was found in FBSL. By combining field structural analysis and magnetic fabrics, it was suggested herein that the FBSL is a propagation product of Mesozoic–Cenozoic deformations of southern LMS to the southeast, which therefore experienced a composite superposition of deformations. This finding provides the basis for a comprehensive understanding of the southern LMS and may shed light on the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the tectonic response of its eastern boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband light (BBL) is one of the intense pulsed light. BBL treatment for nonablative, noninvasive skin tightening and rejuvenation reportedly elicits satisfactory clinical outcomes. Up until now, self-controlled case series with objective evaluation of efficacy of facial pores in response to BBL treatment have not been reported. We aimed to assess its safety and efficacy on enlarged facial pores by objective measuring technique. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BBL on the appearance of facial pores. 25 patients received five treatments with BBL at 2-week intervals. One split-face was treated by BBL, another split-face was untreated as a control. Objective measurements of the quantitative number of pores were calculated with a VISIA-CR imaging system. Skin elasticity, transepidermal water loss, skin sebum excretion, and skin surface hydration values were also evaluated by using an Elastimeter, Vapometer, Sebumscale, and Moisturemeter. Pretreatment, the total average number of facial pores was 835.88 and 835.68 for BBL-treated facial sides and untreated facial sides, respectively (p =.993). These values were 801.44 and 811.8, respectively, 2 months after the final treatment (p =.606). There were no long-term side effects. BBL seems to be a safe and mildly effective approach to reduce detectable pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing immunotherapy response rate and durability can lead to significant improvements in cancer care. To address this challenge, a novel multivalent immune checkpoint therapeutic platform is constructed through site‐specific ligation of anti‐PD‐L1 nanobody (Nb) on ferritin (Ftn) nanocage. Nb‐Ftn blocks PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction and downregulates PD‐L1 levels via endocytosis‐induced degradation. In addition, the cage structure of Ftn allows encapsulation of indocyanine green (ICG), an FDA‐approved dye. Photothermal treatment with Nb‐Ftn@ICG induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, which improves systemic immune response via maturation of dendritic cells and enhanced infiltration of T cells. Moreover, Nb‐Ftn encapsulation significantly enhances cellular uptake, tumor accumulation and retention of ICG. In vivo assays showed that this nanoplatform ablates the primary tumor, suppresses abscopal tumors and inhibits tumor metastasis, leading to a prolonged survival rate. This work presents a novel strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy using multivalent nanobody‐ferritin conjugates as immunological targeting and enhancing carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our lineage tracing studies using multiple Cre mouse lines showed a concurrent labeling of abundant taste bud cells and the underlying connective tissue with a neural crest (NC) origin, warranting a further examination on the issue of whether there is an NC derivation of taste bud cells. In this study, we mapped NC cell lineages in three different models, Sox10-iCreER T2 /tdT mouse, GFP+ neural fold transplantation to GFP− chickens, and Sox10-Cre/GFP-RFP zebrafish model. We found that in mice, Sox10-iCreER T2 specifically labels NC cell lineages with a single dose of tamoxifen at E7.5 and that the labeled cells were widely distributed in the connective tissue of the tongue. No labeled cells were found in taste buds or the surrounding epithelium in the postnatal mice. In the GFP+/GFP− chicken chimera model, GFP+ cells migrated extensively to the cranial region of chicken embryos ipsilateral to the surgery side but were absent in taste buds in the base of oral cavity and palate. In zebrafish, Sox10-Cre/GFP-RFP faithfully labeled known NC-derived tissues but did not label taste buds in lower jaw or the barbel. Our data, together with previous findings in axolotl, indicate that taste buds are not derived from NC cells in rodents, birds, amphibians or teleost fish. • Neural crest-derived cells are not seen in taste buds in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. • Sox10-iCreER T2 is ideal for neural crest lineage mapping in mouse. • GFP+/GFP− chicken chimera is valuable for longitudinally tracking neural crest cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To detect the fault of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), in this paper, a fault detection method of novel sliding mode observer is proposed, without a velocity sensor. In addition to better elimination of chattering for the new sliding mode observer, at the same time, it has better stability and faster convergence speed than the traditional sliding mode observer. Firstly, the sliding mode observer is built according to the mathematical model of the DFIG. Then, the rotor current and the rotational speed are estimated. After comparing the actual rotor current value with the observed value, the self-detection of the fault for the DFIG is realized. Secondly, three faults of grid voltage sags failure, DFIG inter-turn stator fault and rotor current sensor fault are given respectively. After that the Simulink simulation model is built under different fault conditions. It is proved by simulation that this sliding mode observer can well detect faults occurring at different positions. Additionally, it can also be proved that the sliding mode observer has the characteristics of fast response and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taste bud cells are specialized epithelial cells that undergo continuous turnover, and thus require active progenitors for their renewal and an intact taste function. Our previous studies suggested that a population of taste bud cells originates from outside of the surrounding tongue epithelium—previously regarded sole source of taste bud progenitors. In this study, we demonstrated that SOX10 (SRY-related HMG-box gene 10)-expressing cells, known to be in the migrating neural crest, were also distributed in taste bud-surrounding tissue compartments under the tongue epithelium, that is, the connective tissue core of taste papillae and von Ebner's glands. By lineage tracing of SOX10-expressing cells using SOX10-Cre, a Cre model driven by the endogenous SOX10 promoter, crossing with a Cre reporter line R26-tdTomato (tdT), we found SOX10-Cre-labeled tdT+ cells within taste buds in all three types of taste papillae (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate) as well as in the soft palate in postnatal mice. The tdT+ taste bud cells were progressively more abundant along the developmental stages, from virtually zero at birth to over 35% in adults. Most of tdT+ taste bud cells had a low intensity of immunosignals of Keratin 8 (a widely used taste bud cell marker). In circumvallate taste buds, tdT signals were co-localized principally with a type III taste bud cell marker, less so with type I and II cell makers. Together, our data demonstrate a novel progenitor source for taste buds of postnatal mice—SOX10-Cre-labeled cells in the connective tissue core and/or von Ebner's glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the research on fault detection and diagnosis technology is very significant to improve the reliability of the equipment, which can greatly improve the safety and efficiency of the equipment. This paper proposes a new fault detection and diagnosis means based on the FOA-LSSVM algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is effective for the detection and diagnosis of analog circuit faults. In addition, the model also demonstrate good generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In the paper, a novel six‐dimensional hyperchaotic system is proposed for secure communication. A detailed analysis of some relevant features, such as equilibrium stability, dissipation, bifurcation, and Lyapunov exponents. The results show that there are hyperchaos, chaos, quasi‐periodic, and periodic dynamic behaviors for our constructed hyperchaotic system. Then the six‐dimensional hyperchaotic system is simulated and implemented, which verified its physical realizability. The six‐dimensional hyperchaotic system is applied to complete the signal encryption and decryption circuit design, then the circuit is tested. The results indicate that the proposed hyperchaotic system can play an important role in some key areas such as communication security and complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port-wine stains (PWS) affect 0.3 to 0.5% of newborns and pulsed dye laser (PDL) remains the treatment of choice. However, no reliable study regarding the benefits of more frequent has been conducted. We designed the present study to evaluate whether more frequent PDL treatments in infantile patients would achieve further lightening of erythema. We prospectively investigated 20 infants with PWS. Two adjacent sites were both treated for a 12-week duration and randomly allocated to be treated for seven sessions at 2-week intervals or three sessions at 6-week intervals. The efficacy outcome 2 months after the final treatment was determined by visual and chromameter evaluation. Sixteen patients completed the study with a total of 54 treatment sites. Similar results were observed in the two groups. The average blanching rates were 42.93% (SD = 27.92%) and 43.81% (SD = 32.80%) for PDL treatments with seven and three sessions, respectively (p = 0.374). Partial recovery from the laser treatment was more frequently observed and side effects were significantly higher at 2-week follow-ups (p < 0.001), resulting in a total of 3-13 weeks for skin recovery. More frequent PDL treatments do not necessarily increase efficacy in infantile PWS patients. Considering the potential risks and added costs, this practice may not be of benefit. (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-ONC-17010857). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an 18-bit 2-2 MASH delta-sigma modulator (DSM) for the isolated amplifier. Combining the cascade of integrators with feedforward (CIFF) structure and the cascade of integrators with feedback (CIFB) structure, the DSM effectively results in reduced harmonic distortion. Gain boost and slew rate (SR) boost techniques are used to enhance the performance of the first stage integrator. To reduce low-frequency noise, the chopper technique is adopted as well. The DSM was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with an active area of 0.90 mm2, dissipating 29.70 mW under a 3.3 V supply with the Schreier figure-of-merit (FoMs) 170.00 dB. The 108.71 dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and 17.77 bits the effective number of bits (ENOB) are achieved by simulation in a 20 kHz bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to improve the complexity of chaotic systems and the security accuracy of information encrypted transmission. Applying five-dimensional memristive Hopfield neural network (5D-HNN) to secure communication will greatly improve the confidentiality of signal transmission and greatly enhance the anticracking ability of the system. Design/methodology/approach: Chaos masking: Chaos masking is the process of superimposing a message signal directly into a chaotic signal and masking the signal using the randomness of the chaotic output. Synchronous coupling: The coupled synchronization method first replicates the drive system to get the response system, and then adds the appropriate coupling term between the drive The synchronization error and the coupling term of the system will eventually converge to zero with time. The synchronization error and coupling term of the system will eventually converge to zero over time. Findings: A 5D memristive neural network is obtained based on the original four-dimensional memristive neural network through the feedback control method. The system has five equations and contains infinite balance points. Compared with other systems, the 5D-HNN has rich dynamic behaviors, and the most unique feature is that it has multistable characteristics. First, its dissipation property, equilibrium point stability, bifurcation graph and Lyapunov exponent spectrum are analyzed to verify its chaotic state, and the system characteristics are more complex. Different dynamic characteristics can be obtained by adjusting the parameter k. Originality/value: A new 5D memristive HNN is proposed and used in the secure communication [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of double-pass pulsed dye laser (DWL) and single-pass PDL (SWL) in treating virgin port wine stain (PWS). Background: The increase in the extent of vascular damage attributed to the use of double-pass techniques for PWS remains inconclusive. A prospective, side-by-side comparison with a histological study for virgin PWS is still lacking. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients (11 flat PWS, 10 hypertrophic PWS) with untreated PWS underwent 3 treatments at 2-month intervals. Each PWS was divided into three treatment sites: SWL, DWL, and untreated control. Chromametric and visual evaluation of the efficacy and evaluation of side effects were conducted 3 months after final treatment. Biopsies were taken at the treated sites immediately posttreatment. Results: Chromametric and visual evaluation suggested that DWL sites showed no significant improvement compared with SWL (p > 0.05) in treating PWS. The mean depth of photothermal damage to the vessels was limited to a maximum of 0.36–0.41 mm in both SWL and DWL sides. Permanent side effects were not observed in any patients. Conclusions: Double-pass PDL does not enhance PWS clearance. To improve the clearance of PWS lesions, either the depth of laser penetration should be increased or greater photothermal damage to vessels should be generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EMLA cream was developed to reduce pain during pulsed-dye laser (PDL) treatment; however, no standard assessment for the therapeutic outcomes of PDL with EMLA creams thus far available. This comparative, prospective clinical trial evaluates laser efficacy and pain reduction during PDL treatment with EMLA cream for local topical anesthesia. Nineteen patients with untreated port-wine stain (PWS) were treated using PDL and examined in this study. Treatment specifications included Vbeam® PDL (Candela Corp.), 595-nm wavelength, 9 J/cm2 radiant exposure, 0.45 ms pulse duration, 10 mm spot size, and cryogen spray cooling (40 ms cooling plus a 20 ms delay). A topical anesthetic (EMLA cream: 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) and a placebo were applied to two respective testing areas on all patients prior to treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. Clinical therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by visual evaluation and with the use of a chromameter 2 months after 3PDL treatments. The average VAS scores were 3.15 ± 0.95 and 8 ± 0.57 for the EMLA cream site and the placebo site, respectively, at a significance level p < 0.001. The EMLA cream site and the placebo site had clearance or fading rates of 45.08 and 44.12%, respectively (p < 0.05). No serious side effects were reported. Patients reported a consistent decrease in pain during PDL treatment when the topical anesthetic EMLA cream was administered. Treatment of PWS by PDL with EMLA cream does not lead to a decrease in efficacy or an increase in side effects; instead, it significantly reduces pain during treatment. EMLA cream is a safe and effective local topical anesthetic for PWS treatment by PDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of pulsed dye laser (PDL) at different intervals for the treatment of East Asians with Port-Wine Stain (PWS). Background: The population of East Asians around the world is about 1.6 billion, and they are considered to have more melanin in their skin compared with Caucasians. Nevertheless, no studies about the optimal treatment intervals for East Asians with PWS have been carried out. Methods: We prospectively investigated 39 East Asian patients with untreated PWS. Half of the PWS lesion was randomly allocated to be treated at 3 weeks and the other half at 6 weeks. Both halves of the PWS were treated three times in total. The efficacy outcome 2 months post final treatment was evaluated by visual and chromameter evaluation. Results: The average blanching rate was 40.27% and 44.17% for PDL treatments at the 3- and 6-week interval sites, respectively ( p > 0.05). No patient developed scarring or permanent pigmentation change. Limitations: There was no age criteria involved in the enrollment of patients in this study. Additionally, there is no comparison with long-term treatments at different intervals. Conclusions: PDL treatment at 3-week interval proved to be safe for East Asians with PWS. This can reduce the total duration of the course of treatments and had no increase in side effects compared with the standard interval treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pulsed dye laser (PDL) with 7 and 10 mm spot sizes is widely used on a regular basis for the treatment of port-wine stain (PWS). Background data: No studies have reported on the differences in efficacy outcomes resulting from the use of different laser spot sizes in the treatment of PWS by PDL. Thus, an in vivo investigation into the differences in safety and efficacy of treatment between two spot sizes (7 vs. 10 mm) of PWS by PDL was conducted. Materials and methods: A total of 35 PWS patients underwent three treatment sessions by using a 595 nm wavelength PDL (Vbeam®, Candela Corp) with two laser settings: (1) 7 mm spot size, radiant exposure of 12 J/cm2 and (2) 10 mm spot size, radiant exposure of 10 J/cm2. Cryogen spray cooling and 1.5 msec pulse duration were applied. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by visual and chromametric evaluation 3 months after the final treatment. Results: Average blanching rates were 34.03% and 36.51% at sites treated by PDL with 7 and 10 mm laser spot sizes, respectively ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: On the basis of the laser setting, the therapeutic outcomes of PDL with 7 and 10 mm spot sizes were similar. PDL with a 10 mm laser spot size is more efficacious with lower radiant exposure than PDL with a 7 mm spot size; it can also reduce the treatment time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image inpainting is an active area of research in image processing that focuses on reconstructing damaged or missing parts of an image. The advent of deep learning has greatly advanced the field of image restoration in recent years. While there are many existing methods that can produce high-quality restoration results, they often struggle when dealing with images that have large missing areas, resulting in blurry and artifact-filled outcomes. This is primarily because of the presence of invalid information in the inpainting region, which interferes with the inpainting process. To tackle this challenge, the paper proposes a novel approach called separable mask update convolution. This technique automatically learns and updates the mask, which represents the missing area, to better control the influence of invalid information within the mask area on the restoration results. Furthermore, this convolution method reduces the number of network parameters and the size of the model. The paper also introduces a regional normalization technique that collaborates with separable mask update convolution layers for improved feature extraction, thereby enhancing the quality of the restored image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in restoring images with large missing areas and outperforms state-of-the-art image inpainting methods significantly in terms of image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A molecular-level model for hydrocracking process was established. • The model revealed the reaction laws of PAHs and heteroatomic compounds. • The contents of typical molecules in the hydrocracking products were calculated. Based on the Structure Oriented Lumping (SOL) method, a molecular-level reaction kinetic model for hydrocracking process was established to investigate the reaction laws of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heteroatomic compounds in hydrocracking process and calculate the molecular compositions of hydrocracking products. Molecules showed different reaction laws due to the differences of the initial contents, the structural increments and their positions in the reaction network. Since the hydrodenitrogenation reactions of indole and carbazole homologs were more difficult to carry out than the hydrodesulfurization reactions of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene homologues, the denitrification rate was lower than the desulphurization rate at the outlet of the hydrotreating section. When the reaction temperature of the hydrotreating section was 360 °C, the conversion rates of sulfides and nitrides were 98.4 % and 91.3 %, respectively. The increase of reaction temperature intensified the hydrogenation saturation of aromatics, the ring opening of naphthenes and the cracking of paraffins. As the reaction temperature of the hydrocracking section rose from 370 °C to 410 °C, more isomerized carbon ions were generated due to the β-position cracking of paraffins. The mass ratio of methylbutane to n -pentane in light naphtha increased from 1.29 to 3.08. The increase of reaction temperature accelerated the side chain cracking reactions of naphthenes with 4 or more carbon atoms in the side chains, and generates more naphthenes with 0 to 3 carbon atoms in the side chains. Aromatics mainly underwent the ring-by-ring hydrogenation saturation reactions in the hydrotreating section, and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was significantly easier to be hydrogenated than monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing fault detection is very important for improving the equipment reliability and saving energy consumption. As compared with neural networks, extreme learning machine (ELM) is based on statistical learning theory, which has advantages of better classification ability and generalization performance. This paper presents a novel approach for fault detection and diagnosis based on Firefly-Chaos Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine. The experiment result indicates this proposed method is effective for Analog Circuit fault detection and diagnosis and the model generalization ability is favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new recursive method to compute higher order sensitivities of node voltages, as well as those of circuit performances (gain, input and output impedances, or reflection coefficients) with respect to all circuit parameters. Using the sensitivity coefficients we formulate multivariate polynomial equations. Fault identification is obtained by solving these equations with respect to element deviations. This task can be accomplished by using a multivariable Newton-Raphson procedure (mNR) for solving nonlinear multivariable equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish the sharp maximal function estimates for the commutator associated with the Riesz transforms of Schrödinger operator. As an application, we obtain the boundedness of the commutator on weighted Lebesgue, Morrey and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the actual operation of the wind turbine, the collected fault data sets are limited, and it is difficult to realize fault diagnosis through the correlation between variables. To solve this problem, a fault diagnosis method based on virtual expansion and spherical mapping model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, Hermite interpolation is applied to discrete wind power data samples to obtain an interpolation curve about the characteristics of the sample, and a synchronous sampling method is adopted for the interpolation curve to construct a virtual sample. Then, the features of the virtual sample are mapped to a three-dimensional space. Define the spherical data model and perform spherical fitting in a three-dimensional coordinate system. Finally, feature extraction is performed on the fitted spherical surface for training and testing extreme learning machine (ELM). The distribution law of fault data in the spherical model is summarized. Using the data generated based on the Bootstrap method as a control group, comparative experiments were carried out in back-propagation neural network (BP), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chorus shows its unique charm with its beautiful harmony, uniform rhythm, colorful layers and free and precise pitch. If the Harmony is compared to the body and the Rhythm is like a bone, the Intonation will be the flesh and blood of this "elf". This paper abstracts the chorus effect into a multivariate function, constructs the mathematical relationship between Intonation, Tempo, Harmony, Rhythm, and Intensity, A novel mathematical algorithm—Resonance Algorithm (RA) is proposed, which finds the optimal solution of the multivariate function in the chorus effect through the cooperation and information sharing between individuals in the group. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed method, the performance of RA algorithm is tested. Firstly, the ability to search for complex function is compared with GA, ACO, PSO, etc. The results show that RA has better ability to search for optimal value, and the accuracy of the optimal value is higher. Secondly, RA and PSO are not only combined with SVM and Gaussian process respectively, but also classification and data fitting are performed. The experimental results show that RA has the characteristics of adaptability and stability, no need to set parameters, and easy to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Japan, 200 unrelated patients with clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH were screened for mutations in coding and promoter region of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene using denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA sequencing and Southern blotting analysis. About 37 different mutations in the LDL receptor gene were identified in 125 (62.5%) of the patients, 22 of these mutations have not been described before. The most common mutations were K790X (19.5%), P664L (6.0%), FH-Tonami-1 (6.0%), IVS15-3C>A (5.5%) and FH-Tonami-2 (4.5%), whereas the other mutations were rare. No apolipoprotein B (apoB) mutations responsible for familial ligand-defective apoB-100 (FDB) were identified. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) were observed to have minor effects on the lipid and lipoprotein profile. In 75 (32.5%) of the FH patients, LDL receptor gene mutations could not be identified. These patients had significantly lower total cholesterol (7.71±1.64 vs. 8.68±1.47 mmol/l, P<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (6.02±1.51 vs. 6.87±1.47 mmol/l, P<0.001) in plasma, also a lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) (22 vs. 29%, P=0.05) compared with patients with a LDL receptor gene mutation, suggesting that besides LDL receptor, defect of other genes involved in LDL metabolism may be a cause of FH with a milder phenotypic expression in Japanese population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) have recently garnered significant attention as a potential solution to the challenges posed by interconnect scaling in 2D ICs. However, the inclusion of an extra dimension and the introduction of through-silicon vias (TSVs) for interlayer connections have resulted in a significantly more complex compared to traditional 2D placement. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for the stacked 3D ICs. Specifically, our approach involves the diffusion of standard and macro modules in the presence of wirelength and density forces, followed by a 2D mixed-size placement to optimize placement. To eliminate the overlap between macros, we perform legalization and fix them. The TSV insertions are then conducted, and we fix them in the center of the 3D net. Finally, legalization and detailed placement for cells are performed layer-by-layer. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of the proposed framework, we propose a GPU-enabled acceleration strategy that accelerates the wirelength computation based on the deep learning toolkit PyTorch. Extensive experimental results on the standard-cell IBM-PLACE benchmarks and large-scale modern mixed-size (MMS) benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art 3D placement methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of deep neural network models (DNNs) severely limits their application on devices with limited computing and storage resources. Knowledge distillation (KD) is an attractive model compression technology that can effectively alleviate this problem. Multi-teacher knowledge distillation (MKD) aims to leverage the valuable and diverse knowledge distilled by multiple teacher networks to improve the performance of the student network. Existing approaches typically rely on simple methods such as averaging the prediction logits or using sub-optimal weighting strategies to fuse distilled knowledge from multiple teachers. However, employing these techniques cannot fully reflect the importance of teachers and may even mislead student's learning. To address this issue, we propose a novel Decoupled Multi-Teacher Knowledge Distillation based on Entropy (DE-MKD). DE-MKD decouples the vanilla knowledge distillation loss and assigns adaptive weights to each teacher to reflect its importance based on the entropy of their predictions. Furthermore, we extend the proposed approach to distill the intermediate features from multiple powerful but cumbersome teachers to improve the performance of the lightweight student network. Extensive experiments on the publicly available CIFAR-100 image classification benchmark dataset with various teacher-student network pairs demonstrated the effectiveness and flexibility of our approach. For instance, the VGG8|ShuffleNetV2 model trained by DE-MKD reached 75.25%|78.86% top-one accuracy when choosing VGG13|WRN40-2 as the teacher, setting new performance records. In addition, surprisingly, the distilled student model outperformed the teacher in both teacher-student network pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The mammalian tongue develops from the branchial arches (1–4) and comprises highly organized tissues compartmentalized by mesenchyme/connective tissue that is largely derived from neural crest (NC). This study aimed to understand the roles of tumour suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme in regulating Hippo signalling and cell proliferation for the proper development of tongue shape and size. Materials and methods: Conditional knockout (cKO) of Nf2 in NC cell lineage was generated using Wnt1‐Cre (Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO). Nf2 expression, Hippo signalling activities, cell proliferation and tongue shape and size were thoroughly analysed in different tongue regions and tissue types of Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO and Cre‐/Nf2fx/fx littermates at various stages (E10.5–E18.5). Results: In contrast to many other organs in which the Nf2/Hippo pathway activity restrains growth and cell proliferation and as a result, loss of Nf2 decreases Hippo pathway activity and promotes an enlarged organ development, here we report our observations of distinct, tongue region‐ and stage‐specific alterations of Hippo signalling activity and cell proliferation in Nf2cKO in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme. Compared to Cre−/Nf2fx/fx littermates, Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO depicted a non‐proportionally enlarged tongue (macroglossia) at E12.5–E13.5 and microglossia at later stages (E15.5–E18.5). Specifically, at E12.5 Nf2cKO mutants had a decreased level of Hippo signalling transcription factor Yes‐associated protein (Yap), Yap target genes and cell proliferation anteriorly, while having an increased Yap, Yap target genes and cell proliferation posteriorly, which lead to a tip‐pointed and posteriorly widened tongue. At E15.5, loss of Nf2 in the NC lineage resulted in distinct changes in cell proliferation in different regions, that is, high in epithelium and mesenchyme subjacent to the epithelium, and lower in deeper layers of the mesenchyme. At E18.5, cell proliferation was reduced throughout the Nf2cKO tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymes are considered safe and effective therapeutic tools for various diseases. With the increasing integration of biomedicine and nanotechnology, artificial nanozymes offer advanced controllability and functionality in medical design. However, several notable gaps, such as catalytic diversity, specificity and biosafety, still exist between nanozymes and their native counterparts. Here we report a non‐metal single‐selenium (Se)‐atom nanozyme (SeSAE), which exhibits potent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase‐mimetic activity. This novel single atom nanozyme provides a safe alternative to conventional metal‐based catalysts and effectively cuts off the cellular energy and reduction equivalents through its distinctive catalytic function in tumors. In this study, we have demonstrated the substantial efficacy of SeSAE as an antitumor nanomedicine across diverse mouse models without discernible systemic adverse effects. The mechanism of the NADPH oxidase‐like activity of the non‐metal SeSAE was rationalized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, comprehensive elucidation of the biological functions, cell death pathways, and metabolic remodeling effects of the nanozyme was conducted, aiming to provide valuable insights into the development of single atom nanozymes with clinical translation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymes are considered safe and effective therapeutic tools for various diseases. With the increasing integration of biomedicine and nanotechnology, artificial nanozymes offer advanced controllability and functionality in medical design. However, several notable gaps, such as catalytic diversity, specificity and biosafety, still exist between nanozymes and their native counterparts. Here we report a non‐metal single‐selenium (Se)‐atom nanozyme (SeSAE), which exhibits potent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase‐mimetic activity. This novel single atom nanozyme provides a safe alternative to conventional metal‐based catalysts and effectively cuts off the cellular energy and reduction equivalents through its distinctive catalytic function in tumors. In this study, we have demonstrated the substantial efficacy of SeSAE as an antitumor nanomedicine across diverse mouse models without discernible systemic adverse effects. The mechanism of the NADPH oxidase‐like activity of the non‐metal SeSAE was rationalized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, comprehensive elucidation of the biological functions, cell death pathways, and metabolic remodeling effects of the nanozyme was conducted, aiming to provide valuable insights into the development of single atom nanozymes with clinical translation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Low-fluence Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (LF-QSNY) and picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser (PSAL) have shown superiority in the treatment of nevus of Ota (NO). Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of PSAL and LF-QSNY in the treatment of NO. Methods. 15 patients randomly underwent split-lesion treatment of the two lasers within three months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the efficacy outcomes. The patient's preferences, recurrence rate, and adverse events were also documented. Results. Fifteen patients with 34 lesions finished the trial. Lesions, operated with LF-QSNY and PSAL, reached VAS scores of 3.47 ± 0.67 and 3.51 ± 0.87, respectively (P > 0.05). Most significant improvement in LF-QSNY was achieved after the first session (VAS = 1.84). One (6.67%) patient experienced a relapse on the PSAL side. Temporary hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation mainly occurred on the PSAL side. Patients under five years demonstrated superior efficacy (3.81 ± 0.47 vs 3.08 ± 0.66, P = 0.046) than those over with the treatment of LF-QSNY. Limitations. Limited sample and lack of objective evaluation. Conclusion. The difference between the LF-QSNY and PSAL in the treatment of NO was statistically insignificant, while LF-QSNY may be a better choice for the treatment of early NO. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900022690. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate problems involving wind turbines that easily occur but are hard to diagnose, this paper presents a wind turbine (WT) fault diagnosis algorithm based on a spectrogram and a convolutional neural network. First, the original data are sampled into a phonetic form. Then, the data are transformed into a spectrogram in the time-frequency domain. Finally, the data are sent into a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with batch regularization for training and testing. Experimental results show that the method is suitable for training a large number of samples and has good scalability. Compared with Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and other fault diagnosis methods, the average diagnostic correctness rate is higher; so, the method can provide more accurate reference information for wind turbine fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The excellent efficacy is mitigated by the limited safety profile of microfocused ultrasound procedures. Objective: We sought to assess the safety and tightening efficacy of a novel microfocused ultrasound. Methods: The randomized middle and lower face and submental region of the participants were treated with the novel device using the following transducers: M4.5, D4.5, M3.0, and D3.0. Improvement in paired comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment photographs, three-dimensional (3D) volumetric assessments, skin thickness measured by B-ultrasonography, and skin photoaging parameters were evaluated. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were also recorded. Results: A total of 20 participants (20 female) were enrolled. Fourteen of 20 participants (70%) were judged to show clinically significant facial tightening during 3-month follow-up (P < 0.05). The mean volumetric change in the lower face, as quantitatively assessed after 3 months was −0.29 mL compared with +0.42 mL on the control side (P < 0.05). The VAS pain score was 3.00 ± 1.19 without any oral or intramuscular anesthesia. Conclusions: A small sample size, lack of clinical scales, and impersonalized treatment parameters. The novel microfocused ultrasound appears to be a safe and effective modality for lower-face tightening. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR 2200064666. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Conventional fault recognition algorithms can only recognize the classes of faults that have appeared in wind turbine systems. However, if a new category of faults appears, the traditional algorithm can only misclassify it into the class of pre‐existing faults. In this paper, a new class fault recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the initialized model is built using known fault data, including detectors and classifiers. Secondly, the new class fault data detected by the detectors are put into the cache, and when the cache overflows, the new class faults are augmented with data using generative adversarial networks. Finally, the new class fault data and the generated data are added to the initial training set, and the structure and weights of the initialized model are updated using the new training set. In this way, the purpose of recognizing the new class of faults is achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed detection algorithm can effectively detect new class faults and the model can efficiently solve the problem of the new class of fault recognition after data augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Based on an existing 4‐dimensional Lorenz hyperchaotic system, a novel 5‐dimensional hyperchaotic system is proposed by an extra linear control coefficient in this paper. Some related characters are analysed comprehensively, including the stability of equilibrium, dissipativity, rotation symmetry, bifurcations, Lyapunov exponent, and Poincare surface of a section of the hyperchaotic system. The 5‐dimensional hyperchaotic system is then implemented and simulated in the circuit simulation software NI Multisim. The results indicate that the proposed hyperchaotic system exhibits hyperchaos, chaos, and quasi‐periodic and periodic dynamic behaviours, which can facilitate and enhance the security of chaos‐based communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolic reprogramming of tumors requires high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain therapeutic resistance, posing a major challenge for photothermal therapy (PTT). Although raising the temperature helps in tumor ablation, it frequently leads to severe side effects. Therefore, improving the therapeutic response and promoting healing are critical considerations in the development of PTT. Here, we proposed a gas‐mediated energy remodeling strategy to improve mild PTT efficacy while minimizing side effects. In the proof‐of‐concept study, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drug‐based hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor was developed to provide a sustained supply of H2S to tumor sites, serving as an adjuvant to PTT. This approach proved to be highly effective in disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain, inhibiting ATP generation, and reducing the overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which ultimately amplified the therapeutic outcome. With the ability to reverse tumor thermotolerance, this strategy delivered a greatly potent antitumor response, achieving complete tumor ablation in a single treatment while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Thus, it holds great promise to be a universal solution for overcoming the limitations of PTT and may serve as a valuable paradigm for the future clinical translation of photothermal nanoagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolic reprogramming of tumors requires high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain therapeutic resistance, posing a major challenge for photothermal therapy (PTT). Although raising the temperature helps in tumor ablation, it frequently leads to severe side effects. Therefore, improving the therapeutic response and promoting healing are critical considerations in the development of PTT. Here, we proposed a gas‐mediated energy remodeling strategy to improve mild PTT efficacy while minimizing side effects. In the proof‐of‐concept study, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drug‐based hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor was developed to provide a sustained supply of H2S to tumor sites, serving as an adjuvant to PTT. This approach proved to be highly effective in disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain, inhibiting ATP generation, and reducing the overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which ultimately amplified the therapeutic outcome. With the ability to reverse tumor thermotolerance, this strategy delivered a greatly potent antitumor response, achieving complete tumor ablation in a single treatment while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Thus, it holds great promise to be a universal solution for overcoming the limitations of PTT and may serve as a valuable paradigm for the future clinical translation of photothermal nanoagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]