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Objectives Vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity. However, the causal relationship remains controversial. We hypothesized that there would be family-based associations in both vitamin D deficient families and obese families for the SNPs associated with vitamin D deficiency, if vitamin D deficiency was a causal factor of obesity. We aimed to investigate the family-based association of SNPs in CYP27B1 with both vitamin D deficiency and obesity. Methods Four hundred and nineteen pedigrees containing 1505 rural individuals aged from 18 to 79 years in Henan Province of China were included in this study. Family-based associations of rs10877012 and rs4646536 in CYP27B1 with vitamin D deficiency and obesity were investigated. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentration Results It was shown that vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor of obesity (adjusted OR: 1.332, 95% CI: 1.042-1.703, P = 0.022). Furthermore, there were family-based associations for allele T of rs10877012 and allele T of rs4646536 in both vitamin D deficient families and obese families (P < 0.05). Both rs10877012 and rs4646536 were associated with serum 25(OH)D3 levels between siblings (P < 0.05), but not BMI (P > 0.05). In addition, there is linkage disequilibrium between rs10877012 and rs4646536 (D' = 1.0, r.sup.2 = 0.992). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may be a causal factor of obesity. Maintaining sufficient vitamin D is beneficial to obesity prevention. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity. But their causal relationship is still controversial. CYP27B1 plays a direct role in circulating the concentration of 25(OH)D, which can be used to investigate causal relationships. In this study, allele T of rs10877012 and allele T of rs4646536 in CYP27B1 were family-based linked with both vitamin D deficiency and obesity. In addition, both rs10877012 and rs4646536 were associated with serum 25(OH)D.sub.3 levels between siblings but not BMI. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may be a causal factor of obesity. Maintaining sufficient vitamin D is beneficial to obesity prevention., Author(s): Songcheng Yu [sup.1], Yinhua Feng [sup.1], Chenling Qu [sup.2], Wenqian Huo [sup.1], Zhenxing Mao [sup.1], Chongjian Wang [sup.1], Wenjie Li [sup.1], Xing Li [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) College of [...]

The copper‐catalyzed (3+2) annulation of 5‐ethynyloxazolidine‐2,4‐diones with acylacetonitriles worked well under mild reaction conditions to afford biologically important 2,3‐dihydrofuran derivatives having an amide moiety in moderate to high yields. A wide scope of easily accessible 5‐ethynyloxazolidine‐2,4‐diones and acylacetonitriles were tolerated. The successful scale‐up reaction demonstrated that the reaction is a useful method for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydrofuran derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being capable of dealing with both electrical signals and light, artificial optoelectronic synapses are considered to be an important cornerstone of neuromorphic computing. Here, an artificial optoelectronic synapse is reported through a simple solution process using organic poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a remarkable analog switching characteristic similar to synaptic behavior is observed. The endurance and data retention capability of the P3HT‐based optoelectronic synapse exhibit stable characteristics up to 5000 consecutive cycles and 104 s. Through in‐depth physical mechanism analysis, it is confirmed that the analog switching characteristics of the device are mainly caused by a tunneling mechanism and space charge limited conduction. Furthermore, characterizations such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic layer deposition prove that the memristive properties of device can be attributed to ion migration. More importantly, the device can co‐modulate the optoelectronic signal and successfully implement a photo‐triggered multi‐signal mode response. Based on this, a 3 × 3 synapse array is developed to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed P3HT‐based optoelectronic synapse in constructing an artificial visual system. Finally, operant conditioning is successfully simulated in the synaptic device. This work provides a reference for the construction of optoelectronic synapses in the neuromorphic visual system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]