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The falsely annotated protein-coding genes have been deemed one of the major causes accounting for the annotating errors in public databases. Although many filtering approaches have been designed for the over-annotated protein-coding genes, some are questionable due to the resultant increase in false negative. Furthermore, there is no webserver or software specifically devised for the problem of over-annotation. In this study, we propose an integrative algorithm for detecting the over-annotated protein-coding genes in microorganisms. Overall, an average accuracy of 99.94% is achieved over 61 microbial genomes. The extremely high accuracy indicates that the presented algorithm is efficient to differentiate the protein-coding genes from the non-coding open reading frames. Abundant analyses show that the predicting results are reliable and the integrative algorithm is robust and convenient. Our analysis also indicates that the over-annotated protein-coding genes can cause the false positive of horizontal gene transfers detection. The webserver of the proposed algorithm can be freely accessible from www.cbi.seu.edu.cn/RPGM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The primary structure, i.e., the amino acids sequence, plays determinant roles in dynamical folding process and stable structure of protein molecules, then how to put forward sequences based approaches to demonstrate the biological information of the primary sequence will facilitate correlative researches. In this article, we outline a novel 2D graphical representation on the basis of a selected pair of physiochemical properties of amino acids, which integrates both the electric and hydrophobic factors to demonstrate the characteristic features of proteins. This novel representation transforms protein into a zigzag curve uniquely and allows direct inspection of similarities/dissimilarities among different protein sequences with higher resolution than previous methods. From this representation, some efficient numerical descriptors are derived, by which we quantitatively analyze the evolutionary distances among the ND6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) protein sequences of eight species, the results are coincident with the actual evolutions, which illustrate the efficiencies of the present approach. This representation can also provide convenient tools and alternative studying strategies for protein sequences and structures analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate scleral buckling (SB) surgery using a non-contact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes., Methods: Totally 9 patients (9 eyes) with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination. SO was removed at an appropriate time based on recovery. The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO removal. Retinal reattachment, complications, visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after surgery were observed., Results: Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo (3-22mo) after SO removal. All patients had retinal reattachment. At the final follow-up, visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients, and no change for 1 patient. The IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery, but it stabilized after treatment; it was not affected in the other patients. None of the patients had infections, hemorrhage, anterior ischemia, or any other complication., Conclusion: This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Wu SL, None; Chen YQ, None; Shen LJ, None; Mao JB, None; Lin L, None; Tao JW, None; Chen H, None; Zhang SA, None; Yu JF, None; Wang CX, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Aim: To investigate the feasibility of teaching minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery with a robot-assisted surgical system and a three-dimensional (3D) visualization system., Methods: Enucleated porcine eyes were established as an animal model for removing foreign bodies. Forty medical students were recruited to remove foreign bodies to compare the traditional microscope and the 3D system. One junior resident performed the surgical task with manual and robot-assisted operations on 20 porcine eyes for each group. One senior surgeon evaluated the retinal invasion by a graded injury degree. The learning curve for minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery was described., Results: Compared with the robot-assisted group, the injury degree was higher in the manual group. For the first ten surgeries, the manual and robot-assisted groups had injuries of 2.60±1.35 (4 to 0) and 1.80±1.62 (4 to 0), respectively. For the last ten surgeries, the injury degrees were 1.90±1.20 (3 to 0) and 0.80±0.42 (1 to 0). Considering the manual and robot-assisted groups together, 95%, 75% and 60% of the students considered surgical manipulation with the 3D visualization system to be more comfortable, easier and clearer, respectively., Conclusion: The robot-assisted surgical system and 3D visualization system may have value in teaching minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Aim: To analyse macular microvascular alterations in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and the efficiency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for mCNV by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)., Methods: A total of 123 patients were included in this retrospective study, divided into mCNV group, high myopia (HM) group, and normal group at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to January 2019. Superficial vessel density, deep capillary density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, A-circularity index (AI) and vessel density around the 300 µm width of the FAZ region density (FD) and the area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion (only for mCNV group) were measured on 3×3 mm 2 OCTA images. FAZ area was corrected for axial length. Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured on OCT in mCNV group. Compared the parameters on OCTA of 3 groups and pre-anti-VEGF and post-anti-VEGF at 1, 2, 3, and 6mo follow-up in mCNV group., Results: There were significant differences among 3 groups in superficial vessel density, deep capillary density and FD ( P <0.05). FAZ area in HM group was smaller than normal group ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between mCNV group and the other two group. AI increased in mCNV group ( P <0.05). The mean CMT, area and flow area of CNV lesion decreased after treatment ( P <0.05), while vessel density and FAZ didn't change. The mean CMT, area and flow area of CNV lesion statistically decreased after anti-VEGF treatment in mCNV group ( P <0.05), while superficial vessel density, deep capillary density and FAZ area, AI and FD didn't change. The mean reduction ratio of lesions was 50.32% (7.07% to 100%). Lesion regression 100% was observed in 2 cases (4.88%). There was a negative correlation between the CNV lesion area and reduction ratio ( r =-0.380, P =0.042) and the flow lesion area and reduction ratio ( r =-0.402, P =0.030)., Conclusion: Macular vessel density decreases, FAZ turns smaller and more irregular in mCNV eyes. Anti-VEGF therapy is efficient for mCNV without affecting vessel density and FAZ, but it is unable to completely eliminate CNV lesions in most cases. The bigger mCNV lesions have lower reduction ratio., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Aim: To evaluate urine β2-microglobulin (β2-M), retinol-binding protein (RBP) excretion, and renal impairment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) for chronic hepatitis B., Methods: We enrolled 165 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who were treated with ADV monotherapy (n = 90) or ADV plus lamivudine combination therapy (n = 75). An additional 165 chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir were recruited as controls. We detected serum creatinine, urine β2-M, and RBP levels, and estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the initiation of antiviral therapy and every 6 mo for a period of five years., Results: Urine β2-M abnormalities were observed in patients during the first (n = 3), second (n = 7), third (n = 11), fourth (n = 16), and fifth (n = 21) year of ADV treatment. Urinary RBP abnormalities were observed in patients during the first (n = 2), second (n = 8), third (n = 12), fourth (n = 15), and fifth (n = 22) year of ADV treatment. eGFR decreased 20%-30% from baseline in 20 patients, 30%-50% in 12 patients, and > 50% in 3 patients during the five years of treatment. Further analysis indicated that decreases in eGFR of ≥ 30% relative to the baseline level correlated significantly with urine RBP and β2-M abnormalities. In contrast, both serum creatinine and eGFR remained stable in patients treated with entecavir, and only one of these patients developed a urine β2-M abnormality, and two developed urine RBP abnormalities during the five years of treatment., Conclusion: Urine RBP and β2-M are biomarkers of renal injury during long-term ADV treatment for chronic hepatitis B, and indicate when treatment should be switched to entecavir.

Objective: To investigate clinical effects of coracohumeral ligament reconstruction with autologous double-strand of long palmaris longus tendon and artificial ligament for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation., Methods: From April 2006 to June 2009, 31 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation were treated with coracohumeral ligament reconstruction using autologous double-strand palmaris longus tendon and artificial ligament. There were 18 males and 13 females, ranging in age from 18 to 60 years, with an average of 35 years. Twenty-six patients were acute trauma and other 5 patients were chronic trauma. Preoperative symptoms included different degrees of pain, restricted movement, and instability of acromioclaviecular joint. The X-ray showed acromioclavicular joint dislocation., Results: The patients had good incision union without vascular and nerve injuries. All the patients were followed up, and the average duration was 23 months. The JOA scores decreased from preoperative (38.8 +/- 1.5) to (73.2 +/- 1.1) at 1 month after operation,and (93.5 +/- 0.8)at the last follow-up. Twenty-eight patients got an excellent result, 2 good and 1 fair., Conclusion: The reconstruction of coracohumeral ligament using autologous double-strand palmaris longus tendon and artificial ligament is an effective method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.