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Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a targeted radiotherapy that relies on the 10B (n, α) 7Li reaction, which produces secondary particles with high linear energy transfer (LET), leading to a high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in tumors. The biological effectiveness of BNCT is influenced by factors such as boron distribution and concentration, necessitating improved methods for assessing its radiobiological effects and clarifying the sensitivity of the differences in different factors to the biological effects. Purpose: This paper introduces a method to evaluate the biological effects of BNCT using the cellular repair model. This method aims to overcome some of the limitations of current evaluation approaches. The primary goal is to provide guidance for clinical treatments and the development of boron drugs, as well as to investigate the impact of the synergistic effects of mixed radiation fields in BNCT on treatment outcomes. Methods: The approach involves three key steps: first, extending the radial energy deposition distribution of BNCT secondary particles using Geant4‐DNA. This allows for the calculation of initial DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) distributions for a given absorbed dose. Next, the obtained initial DSB distributions are used for DNA damage repair simulations to generate cell survival curves, then thereby quantifying RBE and compound biological effectiveness (CBE). The study also explores the synergistic effects of the mixed radiation fields in BNCT on assessing biological effects were also explored in depth. Results: The results showed that the RBE of boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) drugs at cell survival fraction 0.01 was 2.50 and 2.15, respectively. The CBE of the boron dose component was 3.60 and 0.73, respectively, and the RBE of the proton component was 3.21, demonstrating that BPA has a significantly higher biological impact than BSH due to superior cellular permeability. The proton dose significance in BNCT treatment is also underscored, necessitating consideration in both experimental and clinical contexts. The study demonstrates that synergistic effects between disparate radiation fields lead to increased misrepairs and enhanced biological impact. Additionally, the biological effect diminishes with rising boron concentration, emphasizing the need to account for intercellular DNA damage heterogeneity. Conclusions: This methodology offers valuable insights for the development of new boron compounds and precise assessment of bio‐weighted doses in clinical settings and can be adapted to other therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of social media has broken the geographical and communicative boundaries between fans, providing them with a more open platform to express themselves and pursue a shared spiritual resonance. This research focuses on the dynamics and psychological foundations of the BTS Weibo fan community to explore the emotional investment, community connections, and identity construction that arise from the excessive admiration and pursuit of a particular subject, whether virtually or in reality, in the social media era. Based on grounded theory, this research collects data generated by specific fan groups, including their content, interactions, and narratives, and iteratively analyzes and summarizes this data. The study identifies key characteristics of BTS Weibo fan behavior, such as sense of community, exclusivity and gift economy. These findings lay the foundation for further research on the evolving behaviors and motivations of fans, contributing to a broader discussion on media consumption, fan culture, and the psychological impact of online communities.

Aims Heterologous expression of sulfur: quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr) from Halomonas mongoliensis JS01, which is responsible for oxidizing sulfide to elemental sulfur, in Thioalkalivibrio versutus (T. versutus) D301 improves desulfurization. Methods and results We expressed sqr in T. versutus D301 by conjugative transfer and then assayed its desulfurization capacity in an airlift reactor and analyzed its transcriptome at −380 mV ORP. Our findings demonstrate that the D301- sqr + strain, utilizing sodium sulfide as a sulfur source under optimal ORP conditions (−380 mV), achieved an elemental sulfur yield of 95%. This represents an 8% increase over the T. versutus D301. Moreover, the sodium sulfide utilization rate for D301- sqr + showed a marked improvement [0.741 vs. 0.651 mmol∙(l·h)−1], with a concurrent increase in the rate of elemental sulfur production when compared to the T. versutus D301 (0.716 vs. 0.518 mmol ∙(l·h)−1). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the flavocytochrome c (fcc) and the sox system were differentially transcriptionally down-regulated in D301- sqr + compared with the T. versutus D301. Conclusions Heterologous expression of the gene sqr altered the transcription of related genes in T. versutus D301 sulfur oxidation pathway, increasing the yield of elemental sulfur and the rate of sulfur oxidation, and making D301- sqr + more potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the role of microRNA (miRNA, miR) -16 in the development of coronary atheromatous plaques and to study possible mechanism involved in the process. Methods: Coronary artery tissues were obtained from 16 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting,and the coronary artery plaques were divided into fibrous plaques and atheromatous plaques based on pathological examination. The expression level of miR-16 in coronary fibrous plaques and atheromatous plaques was detected by miRNAs array. The in vitro model of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced foam cells from macrophages was established, the transformation as well as apoptosis of foam cells were detected by TUNEL assay, cell counting and Western blotting. The release of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] in the culture supernatant of form cell was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and expression of miR-16 was tested by miRNAs array. Finally, miR-16 was transfected into macrophages and the apoptosis of foam cell as well as the release of inflammatory factors were detected. Results: Compared with fibrous plaques of coronary artery, the expression of miR-16 in coronary atheromatous plaques detected by miRNAs assay increased by 1.75 folds. In vitro model of oxLDL-induced foam cells showed that oxLDL might promote the transfer of macrophages into foam cells and induce foam cells apoptosis and stimulate the release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and MMP-9). Macrophages transfected with miR-16 could further induce the apoptosis of foam cells and secretion of inflammatory factors. Conclusions: oxLDL could induce the apoptosis of foam cells, release of inflammatory factors and up-regulate miR-16 expression, and the high expression of miR-16 could further enhance foam cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, further promote the progression of atherosclerosis. miR-16 might serve as a potential target for inhibiting artherosclerosis.

The development of flexible electronics for detecting solar‐blind deep ultraviolet (UV‐C) light holds great promise for emerging technologies. Here, flexible photoelectrochemical photodetectors (PEC‐PDs) are demonstrated for self‐powered solar‐blind UV‐C sensing based on one‐step radio frequency sputtered amorphous gallium oxide (a‐Ga2O3) thin films on indium tin oxide‐coated polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) substrates in a simple and low‐cost manner. Surface functionalization of the ITO/PEN substrates with silver nanowires (Ag NWs) successfully embedded within the a‐Ga2O3 films significantly enhances the optoelectronic performance. Incorporating Ag NWs reduces charge transfer resistance and potential barrier, while enhancing built‐in electric field at the Ag NWs/a‐Ga2O3 interface, synergistically facilitating efficient electron transport. Consequently, the Ag NW‐modified PEC‐PDs exhibit approximately two‐fold increases in key metrics including responsivity (11.23 mA W−1) and response times (0.07/0.09 s rise/decay) under 254 nm illumination compared to pristine devices. Moreover, the Ag NW‐functionalized PEC‐PDs demonstrate superb mechanical flexibility and fatigue durability, maintaining ≈95% of the initial photoresponse current and responsivity after 500 bending cycles. This work provides valuable insights into designing high‐performance flexible self‐powered PEC‐PDs through ingenious photoanode engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]