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This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the characteristics of cellphone use in Chinese early adolescents and the moderating and mediating role of self-control in the relationships among sedentary behavior, physical exercise, and cellphone use time. Using convenience sampling, we selected eight middle schools in Guangzhou, China. Two classes in the first grade of each middle school were randomly selected as the survey subjects. A total of 715 early adolescents (ages 11-13) completed surveys about the purpose of using cellphones (i.e., learning, entertainment, and others), cellphone use scenarios (i.e., sitting, standing, and moving), sedentary behavior, physical exercise, cellphone use time, and self-control. The results showed that the mean total daily cellphone use was 36.44 ± 37.42 min/day in early adolescents, who used cellphones mainly for studying, and 91.7% of them were seated when using cellphones. Cellphone use time was positively correlated with sedentary behavior, not correlated with physical exercise, and negatively correlated with self-control. Self-control played a moderating (not mediating) role not only between sedentary behavior and cellphone use time but also between physical exercise and cellphone use time. This study revealed the complex relationships among sedentary behavior, physical exercise, self-control, and cellphone use time. Our findings have significance for preventing the overuse of cellphones among early adolescents., Author(s): Ming-Qiang Xiang [sup.1] , Zi-Rong Wang [sup.2] , Zebo Xu [sup.1] , Peizhen Sun [sup.3] , Lanlan Zhang [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.443378.f, 0000 0001 0483 836X, School of [...]

Since the revision of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-20-R), few studies have examined its validity and none yet its gender invariance. This study addressed these critical issues among 502 Nigerian university students (50.4% of females, M.sub.age = 22.10 years). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) demonstrated that a one-, two- and three-dimensional structures were tenable; however, the latter model appeared to be the best-fitting model to the data reflecting cognitive-affective, physical, and self-destructive components. The estimates of the internal consistency reliability of the CESD-20-R were significant (McDonald [omega] = 0.94, Greatest Lower Bound = 0.96). Multi-group CFAs provided support for full configural and weak factorial invariances but partial strong and strict invariances across gender. At strong factorial invariance level, two items (#13 'I felt fidgety' and #19 'trouble getting to sleep') lacked invariance. Further, latent mean differences showed significantly higher scores among males than females on the self-destructive component reflecting suicidal ideation items (d = -0.238). Following CESD-20-R diagnostic criteria, 6.6% met criteria for major depression episode (MDE), 2.4% for probable MDE, and 5.6% for possible MDE. In sum, the CESD-20-R, which has been developed to be conformed to current depression diagnostic criteria, yielded a meaningful factorial structure and excellent internal consistency reliability. It can be used successfully by researchers and clinicians to establish gender comparisons of depressive symptoms in the context under consideration here. However, caution is required when interpreting some specific items. Moreover, in health programs for early prevention and intervention, careful attention needs to be paid to males who have shown more vulnerability to the suicidal ideation component of depressive symptoms than females., Author(s): Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou [sup.1] , Steven Kator Iorfa [sup.2] , Sunyoung Park [sup.3] , Doris Chinelo Chinweuba [sup.2] , Jude Mary Cénat [sup.4] , JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji [sup.2] Author [...]

Although it is widely acknowledged that mental disorders are widespread among youth, the role of cannabis largely has been disregarded. Alcohol and opioid use disorders are recognized as considerable risks [...]

The negative effects of deprivation on adolescents' psychological and behavioral adjustments have been well documented, but limited information is known about how deprivation affects adolescents' cognitive ability via maternal and paternal involvements in the Chinese context. Furthermore, the rural-urban differences in this influencing mechanism have been rarely investigated. In this study, a nationally representative sample of 10,750 Chinese adolescents (45.1% females; mean age = 13.58) from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) was utilized to enhance the understanding on the mediating and moderating mechanisms between deprivation and adolescents' cognitive ability. Findings revealed that deprivation predicted a poor cognitive ability of adolescents, whereas only the maternal involvement demonstrated a mediating effect. The level of deprivation among urban adolescents was lower than that among rural adolescents, and the levels of parental involvement and cognitive ability among urban adolescents were higher than those among rural counterparts. Moreover, deprivation had a greater impact on the cognitive ability among urban adolescents compared to rural adolescents. Implications for future research, policies, and interventions were discussed., Author(s): Shan Jiang [sup.1] , Lei Dong [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10784.3a, 0000 0004 1937 0482, Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, , Shatin, N.T., Hong [...]