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Copyright of AIN Journal is the property of Arab Institute of Navigation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-Unloading (SUL) bulk carriers are unconventional , designed and provided with various sets of equipment in different set-ups to allow them to discharge the cargo onboard without assistance or interference from any shore facilities or discharging equipment. This variance and complexity of equipment pose hazards to the crew onboard; though many precautions are in place to reduce these hazards, accidents still happen. In this study, a thorough hazard identification process is performed, guided by International Maritime Organization (IMO) Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). The failure Mode Effect and Consequence Analysis (FMECA) method is used to identify the hazards and rank them based on measuring both frequency and severity of each. A novel contribution of this endeavour was to repeat the process of ranking hazard scenarios using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), thus sharpening the results obtained by FMECA, especially when the qualitative nature of the latter is considered. This study represents a pioneer step towards a full FSA for SUL bulk carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Educational videos are a potent resource for the learning of surgical skills among different study cohorts. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of different educational video interventions and their features. Methods : A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID), Cochrane libraries and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed from inception to 28/02/21. Studies included were not limited by date of publication, studies aiming to assess the impact of video-based interventions in the direct acquisition of surgical skill were included. Eligible studies were analysed based on study type, type of video intervention, method of assessment and period of education. The educational impact of the studies was also assessed as per Messick's framework for testing validity of evaluation methods and McGhagie's model for analysing translational outcomes. Results : 22 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion, of which 14/22 (63.6%) demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge/skills following the video-based teaching interventions, 3/22 (13.6%) studies demonstrated an improvement in trainee satisfaction scores. A recurrent limitation of the included studies was the lack of validation of selected assessment methods. None of the included studies scored on all 5 parameters of validity as defined by Messicks validity framework. Furthermore, none of the included trials were conducted for long enough to indicate direct changes to patient outcomes resultant from educational methods. Conclusion: Video-based surgical education is effective in learning surgical skills within different levels of surgical training; however, superior study quality and follow-up is required to determine which aspects of video-based interventions are most impactful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of AIN Journal is the property of Arab Institute of Navigation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIN Journal is the property of Arab Institute of Navigation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary objective of this study is to develop a rapid method for calculating hull collapse strength of double hull oil tankers after collisions. For this purpose, the statistical characteristics of hull girder collapse after collision are studied. Four double hull oil tankers with different size are considered: Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax and Very Large Crude Carrier. A set of 50 credible collision scenarios are selected by a sampling technique associated with the collision hazard identification based on the historical ship collision database. Four parameters, namely vertical collision location, damage penetration, striking ship's bulbous bow height, and striking ship's bulbous bow length are determined as a consequence of the corresponding collision scenario. The intelligent supersize finite element method is used to compute the progressive collapse behaviour of hull girder structures with the collision damages so determined. The residual hull girder strength indices can then be determined and formulated in a closed expression associated with collision damages and ship length. The developed formulations will be useful to quickly calculate the hull collapse strength of double hull oil tankers immediately after collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Risks of ship collision and grounding have historically contributed to the loss of life and property at sea, as well as for oil pollution of the marine environment. These risks can be reduced either through reduction of frequency or consequence, or both by introducing risk control options (RCOs) such as, innovative design methods, techniques and onboard systems for navigation as well as improving the human performance. This study presents a recent state-of-the-art review of risk control options introduced against ship collisions and grounding. The current RCOs are practically classified into three categories regarding to its types and natures; navigation aids and maneuverability, human behaviors and ship design modifications. According to the literature review, the latest category was the main interest of several research activities in the past decades by improving the ship sides and bottom crashworthiness to reduce ship collision and grounding risks. Finally, concluding remarks and recommendations are recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a method for assessing the risk of ship hull collapse following a collision. A probabilistic approach is applied to establish the relationship between the exceedance probability of collision and the residual ultimate longitudinal strength index. A set of credible collision scenarios which represent the entire range of possible collision accidents is selected using a sampling technique based on probability density distributions of influencing parameters. The amount and location of collision damage for selected individual collision scenarios are characterised using the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method. The ultimate hull girder strength of a ship with predefined collision damage is then calculated using the ALPS/HULL intelligent supersize finite element method. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, applied examples are given, involving collisions with a hypothetical Suezmax-class double-hull oil tanker. Based on the results, design formulations for predicting the residual strength index of damaged ship hulls are derived in an empirical manner. The examples show that the proposed method will be very useful for evaluating the risk of collapse of a ship's hull after sustaining collision damage, which may contribute to a collision risk-based design framework. Moreover, the method will be useful in rescue and salvage operations immediately after a collision by permitting a rapid assessment of the structural safety of a damaged ship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the number of ships increased substantially and it is still expected to continue to increase. Collision risk is one of the most serious accidents that can lead to severe consequences, such as casualty, property damage and environmental pollution. According to the statistics, it is found that the developments in collision avoidance systems and the related regulations have not contributed much to prevent the collision accidents. The aim of the present study is to develop a new methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of double-hull oil tankers. Within the framework of the methodology, a probabilistic approach is introduced to define a relevant set of ship-ship collision scenarios by treating the accidental influencing parameters as random variables. The collision frequency is calculated for each of the selected collision scenarios by considering a double-hull oil tanker collided with different types of striking ships. To predict the resulting collision damage to the struck ship, numerical simulations are conducted for each scenario by performing nonlinear finite element analyses. Based on the calculated risks, exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria. In addition, to give a more complete picture of the risk assessment, a new method is proposed for assessing the risk of ship's hull collapse following a collision. The results are formulated in terms of the residual strength index (RSI) and the loading ratio to produce the relationship between residual strength (R) and loading ratio of horizontal bending moment to vertical bending moment (L) and design formulations for predicting the RSI of damaged ship hulls are derived in an empirical manner. As an applied example, a hypothetical Suezmax-class double hull tanker is considered as a struck ship. Collision risks to asset and the environment are assessed. It is considered that the developed methodology can be useful in the early design stage of oil tankers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]