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Recently, because of the world's critical conditions, the development of new feed additives and the creation of non-traditional double-function feed additives are essential and for improving feeds quality by reducing the content of certain bio-contaminants. This study aimed to reduce environmental pollutants and create effective and economical inhibitors of bio-contaminants by evaluating the aptitude of these feed additives such as particles Miswak (Salvadora persica), black mulberry leaves, and seaweeds (Sargassum linifolium and Posidonia oceanica) algae with different concentrations (500 and 1000 µl) and (50 and 100 µl) before and after nanosizing process, respectively, to reduce the growth of certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus aureus,, as well as the production of the fungus Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin (B1). Our data illustrated that all the tested particles of Miswak, black mulberry leaves, and Sargassum linifolium and Posidonia oceanica algae possessed antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, which increased after the nanosizing process, but S. aureus was more susceptible to the tested nanosized treatments than E. cloacae. Treatments with nanosized Miswak had the greatest inhibitory effect on both tested bacteria, with 96.84% regarding S. aureus and 95.185% in the case of E. cloacae at a concentration of 50 μl and dilution10-6 . The aflatoxin detoxification capabilities of these treatments were tested. Posidonia oceanica (P.O.) particles were the best detoxifier agent before and after the nanosizing process, followed by blue mulberry leaves and S. linifolium particles. Nanosized treatments, especially Posidonia oceanica, an antibacterial and aflatoxin detoxifier agent, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk contaminated with mycotoxins is a significant issue affecting human health, especially in infants. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of mycotoxins in milk collected from women farmers' vendors (WFV), and to evaluate certain herbal plant fibers as green mycotoxin binders. Moreover, explore the binding efficiency ratios of mycotoxins using shaking or soaking process incorporated with herbal extracts. Furthermore, compare the taste evaluations of tested milk are enriched with herbal extracts. Results indicated that the fumonisins were not detected in the collected cow milk samples but realized a 25% occurrence ratio in buffalo's milk samples. A high occurrence ratio of aflatoxin M1 (aflaM1) was observed in buffalo and cow milk samples. The soaking process of plant fibers in contaminated milk overnight significantly degrades and adsorbs mycotoxins particles. The shacking process incorporated with plant fibers exhibited more effectiveness in mycotoxins degradation than soaking or shacking processes alone. The speed of shacking process played an important role in the mycotoxin's binding process. All the tested plant fibers effectively reduced all mycotoxin presence in contaminated milk, especially green tea, during the soaking or shacking process. Moreover, the shacking process incorporated with plant fibers promoted and supported the mycotoxins degradation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]