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Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani,1 Farrokh Yousefi,2 Farzad Seidi,1 S Mohammad Sajadi,3,4 Navid Rabiee,5 Sajjad Habibzadeh,6 Amin Esmaeili,7 Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh,8 Christos Spitas,8 Ebrahim Mostafavi,9,10 Mohammad Reza Saeb11 1Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45195-313, Iran; 3Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; 4Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, Soran, Iraq; 5Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 6Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 1591639675, Iran; 7Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, College of the North Atlantic — Qatar, Doha, Qatar; 8Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan; 9Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 10Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 11Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, 80-233, PolandCorrespondence: Amin Hamed MashhadzadehMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, KazakhstanEmail amin.hamed.m@gmail.com; amin.hamedmashhadzadeh@nu.edu.kzEbrahim MostafaviStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Biomedical Innovation Building, 240 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USAEmail ebimsv@Stanford.edu; ebi.mostafavi@gmail.comIntroduction: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely employed as biomolecule carriers, but there is a need for further functionalization to broaden their therapeutic application in aqueous environments. A few reports have unraveled biomolecule–CNT interactions as a measure of response of the nanocarrier to drug-encapsulation dynamics.Methods: Herein, the dynamics of encapsulation of the antimicrobial peptide HA-FD-13 (accession code 2L24) into CNTs and hydroxylated CNTs (HCNTs) is discussed.Results: The van der Waals (vdW) interaction energy of CNT–peptide and HCNT–peptide complexes decreased, reaching − 110.6 and − 176.8 kcal.Mol− 1, respectively, once encapsulation of the peptide inside the CNTs had been completed within 15 ns. The free energy of the two systems decreased to − 43.91 and − 69.2 kcal.Mol− 1 in the same order.Discussion: The peptide was encased in the HCNTs comparatively more rapidly, due to the presence of both electrostatic and vdW interactions between the peptide and HCNTs. However, the peptide remained encapsulated throughout the vdW interaction in both systems. The negative values of the free energy of the two systems showed that the encapsulation process had occurred spontaneously. Of note, the lower free energy in the HCNT system suggested more stable peptide encapsulation.Keywords: drug delivery, hydroxylation, carbon nanotubes, molecular dynamic simulation, encapsulation, antimicrobial peptide

Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani,1,* Babak Bagheri,2,* Farrokh Yousefi,3 Abbasali Nasiriasayesh,4 Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh,5 Payam Zarrintaj,6 Navid Rabiee,7 Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,7 Vanessa Fierro,8 Alain Celzard,8 Mohammad Reza Saeb,5 Ebrahim Mostafavi9,10 1School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45195-313, Iran; 4Industrial Management Institute, Tehran, Iran; 5Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran; 6School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; 7Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 8Université De Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Epinal, 88000, France; 9Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA; 10Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ebrahim MostafaviStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USAEmail ebimsv@stanford.eduAmin Hamed MashhadzadehCenter of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, IranEmail amin.hamed.m@gmail.comIntroduction: Nanotube-based drug delivery systems have received considerable attention because of their large internal volume to encapsulate the drug and the ability to penetrate tissues, cells, and bacteria. In this regard, understanding the interaction between the drug and the nanotube to evaluate the encapsulation behavior of the drug in the nanotube is of crucial importance.Methods: In this work, the encapsulation process of the cationic antimicrobial peptide named cRW3 in the biocompatible boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) was investigated under the Canonical ensemble (NVT) by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.Results: The peptide was absorbed into the BNNT by van der Waals (vdW) interaction between cRW3 and the BNNT, in which the vdW interaction decreased during the simulation process and reached the value of − 142.7 kcal·mol− 1 at 4 ns.Discussion: The increase in the potential mean force profile of the encapsulated peptide during the pulling process of cRW3 out of the nanotube showed that its insertion into the BNNT occurred spontaneously and that the inserted peptide had the desired stability. The energy barrier at the entrance of the BNNT caused a pause of 0.45 ns when half of the peptide was inside the BNNT during the encapsulation process. Therefore, during this period, the peptide experienced the weakest movement and the smallest conformational changes.Keywords: boron nitride nanotube, drug delivery, antimicrobial peptide, molecular dynamic simulation, encapsulation

Introduction: Employees' perceptions of their hospital, makes up the organizational climate. The job satisfaction of employees is one of the most common internal factors influence organizational climate. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational climate with job satisfaction of employees in Ghods, Besat and Tohid hospitals in Sanandaj. Methodology: This research was a descriptive – analytical study. The sample of 189 nurses from three hospitals of Ghods, Besat and Tohid were participated in this study which was selected through census sampling in 2017 (Three groups of 63 people). The instruments that used in this study are JDI job satisfaction questionnaire and the questionnaire of organizational climate description by Halpin and Kraft. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test were used. Findings: There was a negative significant correlation between the variables of team spirit and harassment with job satisfaction (P

Intruduction: Today suicide is a major problem in the realm of mental health, and usually it has a psychological theme. Since the psychiatric patients gives so much attention in this scope, so, as a major aims of this study, studying the relation between suicide and demographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis and duration of mental illness among psychiatric patients is needed. Method: As an analytic-descriptive study, among all patients who have the inclusion criteria, those who admit informed consent (152 participant), complete questionnaires and other needed information’s. Then other necessary data’s were gives from the psychiatric documentations of the patients. Alongside data’s which gives from the patients and their hospital documentations, the Beck scale for suicidal ideation was used. The 20th version of SPSS software was used to analyzing data’s and it did through these statistical analyses: Pearson’s Coloration Coefficient, independent T test, and one-way ANOVA. Finding: With regard to statistical analysis there was not any significant relationship between suicide grade and demographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis and the duration of mental illness among patients. Conclusion: the distribution of the sample scores not relies on any demographic variables. It seems that cultural and social variables are important to keep in our mind. With taking account our limitations, further studies need to find exclusive and specific data’s.

Background: Substantial evidence indicates that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) above certain levels can affect human health through triggering some biological responses. According to WHO, short-term exposure to EMF at the levels present in the home/environment do not cause any apparent detrimental effects in healthy individuals. However, now, there is a debate on whether long-term exposure to low level EMF can evoke detrimental biological responses. Although based on the Communications Act of 1934, selling, advertising, using, or importing mobile jammers which block cell phone calls and text messages are illegal acts, in some countries these devices are being used for security purpose and for prevention of cheating during examinations. Methods: In this study 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 each. The control group received no radiation. The sham exposure group was exposed to a switched-off jammer device. After fasting for 12 hours, the exposure group was exposed to EMFs at a distance of 50 cm from the jammer. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein after 24, 48 and72 hours and fasting blood sugar was measured by using a common blood glucose monitor (BIONIME GM110, Taiwan). The significance level was considered 5% and SPSS Ver. 21 was used for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between blood sugar level in the control and exposure groups after 24, 48 and 72 hours of continuous irradiation (p values were

The presence of genetic diversity leads to better adaptation of plants to different environments and enables researchers to select superior genotypes adapted to given culture conditions. In order to estimate the genetic diversity of eggplant, 22 accessions were obtained from the INRAe vegetable germplasm center and the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and were planted in horticultural science station of University of Tehran, Karaj, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The number of flowers per plant and number of fruits per plant were higher in the MM00007 and FLT02 accessions, respectively. The maximum leaf area (190 cm² plant-1) was recorded for MM 01597. Accessions FLT46, MM 0064, MM 00108 bis MM 01597 and MM 01010 revealed high variations in root characters. Higher number of root tips and maximum number of roots were assigned for FLT46, and average root orientation and steep root angle frequency for MM 01597 and MM 01010. The correlation of root angles frequency and root number could possibly be exploited in selection programs as factors indirectly involved in increasing yield and the number of flowers per plant. Based on all evaluated traits, genotypes FLT10, MM 01597, MM 01010, FLT46, and FLTE9012 could be used as parents for future eggplant breeding programs due to their desirable agricultural traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new optimization problem with respect to a generalized form of fuzzy relational equations (FRE) in which fuzzy equality replaces ordinary equality in the constraints (FRE-FC). Fuzzy constraints enable us to attain optimal points (called super-optima in this paper) that are better solutions than those resulted from the resolution of the similar problems with ordinary equality constraints. Some structural properties of the FRE-FC problems are studied and a new formulation is presented in which the fuzzy constraints (equations) are precisely modeled. Subsequently, a new PSO-based algorithm is proposed to solve the FRE-FC problems defined by arbitrary continuous t-norms. The proposed algorithm is tested with different test problems generated by ten well-known continuous t-norms used in the literature. Moreover, the generated solutions for these problems, are also compared with some well-known meta-heuristic methods which have been applied to many practical optimization problems. It is shown that the optimal intensity of electromagnetic radiation problem can be formed as a special case of FRE-FC problems in which fuzzy composition is defied by max-product composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we review some common fixed point theorems for four non-continuous mappings in ε-metric spaces, where the metric is Riesz space valued. These results cover famous comparable results in the existing literature by considering fewer conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) loss from irrigated cropland, especially in rice paddies, results in low N-use efficiency and groundwater contamination. Soil conditions that increase ammonium and nitrate ion retention alleviate these problems. [...]

Background and Objectives: The attitude of health care providers towards the elderly has an important effect on the quality of service delivery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of health staff in Gorgan towards the elderly. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 395 health care providers in Gorgan in 2019 were selected by census sampling method and completed a questionnaire on demographic information and attitudes towards the elderly. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: 73 participants (18.5%) had a good attitude towards the elderly, 319 (80.8%) had a moderate attitude, and 3 (0.8%) had a weak attitude. There was a statistically significant relationship between the overall score of attitude towards the elderly and job background (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a moderate attitude towards the elderly in most of the participants. Designing and implementing more interventions is necessary to promote a positive attitude towards the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of polyamines on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose.