Author: "Yousef Mohammad" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Yousef Mohammad"' showing total 581 results

Start Over Author "Yousef Mohammad"

581 results on '"Yousef Mohammad"'

1. Workplace resilience and compassionate care among Jordanian private sector nurses

Author: Yousef Mohammad Nassar, Nidal Eshah, Hindya O. Al-Maqableh, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Ahmad Rayan, and Mohammad J. Alhawajreh
Subjects: Compassionate care, Workplace resilience, Nurse manager, Nurses, Jordan, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract: Abstract Background Compassionate care is a hallmark of the nursing profession. Yet, nursing is beset by perennial problems, not the least of which is nursing shortage and increased workload. As such, resilience becomes a critical ingredient that nurses must possess to overcome such challenges. However, there needs to be more evidence of the relationship between compassionate care and resilience within the Jordanian nursing context. Aim To explore the relationship between workplace resilience and compassionate care among Jordanian nurses working in the private sector. Methods The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional correlational design. Convenience sampling with inclusion-exclusion criteria was used to select participants from three private hospitals in Jordan. The Compassionate Care Questionnaire was used to measure levels of compassionate care, and the Resilience at Work Scale was used to measure workplace resilience. Ethical approval was obtained before data collection. Results A total of 161 nurses participated in the study. Participants had high levels of compassionate care and workplace resilience. Male nurses and nurses with lower workloads had significantly higher levels of compassionate care. Likewise, older nurses, nurses with postgraduate degrees, and nurses with experience of less than 5 years in the current area had significantly higher levels of workplace resilience. Compassionate care had a mordantly solid and significant positive relationship with workplace resilience and all its seven dimensions (living authentically, finding one’s calling, maintaining perspective, managing stress, interacting cooperatively, staying healthy, and building networks. Conclusion Developing workplace resilience can support nurses in implementing compassionate care. Nurse Managers and hospital administrators must consider the effects of compassionate care and workplace resilience on nurses and patients. Future research can include a longitudinal exploration of compassionate care and workplace resilience and an investigation of the levels of these variables outside a hospital setting.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Wurtzite CdS ratio tunability on α-Fe2O3/CdS synergistic heterostructure for enhanced UV-induced photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine 6G dye pollutant

Author: Yousef Mohammad Alrababah and Chan Kok Sheng
Subjects: Hematite α-Fe2O3, Wurtzite-phase CdS, Rhodamine 6G dye, Ultraviolet irradiation, Photocatalytic degradation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Hematite α-Fe2O3 exhibits a slow catalytic reaction rate and low performance in aqueous pollutant decomposition. In this work, α-Fe2O3/CdS binary heterostructure composites were created by introducing different ratios of wurtzite CdS into α-Fe2O3 within 0–100 wt% via precipitation and impregnation methods. The photocatalytic performance of α-Fe2O3/CdS was enhanced for the decomposition of aqueous rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. SEM images reveal that higher CdS loading results in increased interfacial contact between rod-like CdS and spherical-shaped α-Fe2O3. XRD and FTIR results confirm the coexistence of rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 and hexagonal CdS phases, with peak strength proportional to the ratio of component loading, as the respective elements were verified through EDX analysis. The UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis exhibits an enhancement in optical absorption and band gap broadening as the CdS loading rises. α-Fe2O3/CdS with increased CdS loading exhibits faster and more efficient R6G degradation under UV exposure, as evidenced by greater rate constants and degradation efficiency, with optimal CdS loading of 90 wt% achieving a maximum efficiency of 79.14%. The present heterostructure could be employed in future wastewater remediation for effective removal of organic dye pollutants, further promoting clean water preservation for global environmental sustainability.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae

Author: Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed Youssef, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed Maaty, and Yousef Mohammad Al-Saraireh
Subjects: Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The O. natrix belongs to the family Fabaceae and is distributed in Jordan. Different species of the family Fabaceae contain chemical compounds that may have potential antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to analyse the phenolic compounds found in O. natrix methanolic extract. Using the MTT assay, the antiproliferative action was studied. The enzymes α-glucosidase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assays were used to study the antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease actions, respectively, of methanolic extract of O. natrix. Eleven phenolics and seven flavonoids were identified in the methanolic extract of O. natrix by HPLC. The highest phenolics and flavonoids were gallic acid (1.25 mg/100 g dry weight) and rutin (1.44 mg/100 g dry weight), respectively. The most cancer cell lines influenced by the extract of O. natrix were PC-3 (IC50 = 55 ± 2 µg/mL) and HepG-2 (IC50 = 68 ± 2 µg/mL) compared to positive control cisplatin. However, the cancer cell lines CaCo-2, MCF-7, and HeLa showed IC50 values of 109 ± 2 µg/mL, 123 ± 2 µg/mL, and 79 ± 1 µg/mL, respectively, related to cisplatin. The O. natrix extract inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme by 84% and 86%, respectively compared to positive controls acarbose and rivastigmine. The O. natrix may possess antiproliferative effects against prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. It also may have antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Correction: Workplace resilience and compassionate care among Jordanian private sector nurses

Author: Yousef Mohammad Nassar, Nidal Eshah, Hindya O. Al-Maqableh, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Ahmad Rayan, and Mohammad J. Alhawajreh
Subjects: Nursing, RT1-120
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Thermal annealing gradient tailoring on ammonium nitrate-capped CdS nanospheres synthesized via green precipitation

Author: Chan Kok Sheng and Yousef Mohammad Alrababah
Subjects: Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: This study explores the impact of thermal annealing gradients on the physical properties and structural evolution of cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanospheres capped with ammonium nitrate as a modifier, which were fabricated through precipitation and subsequent annealing within 160–480 °C temperature range. The properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques The XRD results show that the present CdS exhibits superior crystallinity compared to pure CdS without capping, transitions from a cubic to a hexagonal phase structure, and increases in crystallite size and crystallinity with increasing temperature. The FTIR spectra postulate that a vibrational band presence evidences ammonium nitrate capping on CdS, with another distinct band that represents CdS in the lower wavenumber region, both intensifying at elevated temperatures. The UV–Vis analysis reveals that CdS exhibits strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption suitable for effective photoreaction under UV light and has a broader band gap compared to bulk CdS. SEM images show an extensive distribution of homogeneous nanospheres over the surface, with increased growth in size when capped with ammonium nitrate and at higher temperatures. As validated by TGA and DSC results, CdS with a smaller crystallite size improves thermal stability and energy transfer, as evidenced by reduced weight loss and a lower endothermic temperature, respectively. Varying the annealing temperature with ammonium nitrate capping can improve the structural and physical properties of CdS, which are beneficial for varied applications such as optoelectronics, energy storage, and photocatalysts.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Annealing temperature-dependent CdS phase tunability in improving photocatalytic efficiency towards aquatic dye decomposition

Author: Chan Kok Sheng, Nor Azlia Binti Aziz, and Yousef Mohammad Alrababah
Subjects: CdS heterogeneous structure, Photocatalytic degradation, UV irradiation, R6G dye, Optical absorption, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Combinations of different materials can improve the functionality of a composite. Heterogeneous structures that consist of various crystalline phases in a single material may also improve the physical and catalytic properties. In this work, we have synthesized highly crystalline CdS with cubic, hexagonal, and heterogeneous phases through precipitation, followed by varying the annealing temperature. The photocatalytic degradation was performed on aqueous rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye as a model pollutant under UV irradiation. From the results, UV–Vis analysis revealed that the heterogeneous structure yields the most intense absorption with a reduced band gap, which is useful for improved photocatalytic reactions. The SEM image demonstrates that the heterogeneous CdS contains more tiny granule particles that disperse extensively over the surface. As a consequence, heterogeneous CdS shows enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency and rate constant, which may serve as a future photocatalyst for wastewater remediation.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Author: Emily Haeuser, Audrey L. Serfes, Michael A. Cork, Mingyou Yang, Hedayat Abbastabar, E. S. Abhilash, Maryam Adabi, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Saira Afzal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Yonas Akalu, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Vahid Alipour, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Dickson A. Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, B. B. Darshan, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Arielle Wilder Bell, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Somayeh Bohlouli, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Archith Boloor, Ivana Bozicevic, Zahid A. Butt, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Richard G. Cowden, Saad M. A. Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, José das Neves, Nicole Davis Weaver, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Kebede Deribe, Keshab Deuba, Samath Dharmaratne, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Alireza Didarloo, Shirin Djalalinia, Fariba Dorostkar, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Maha El Tantawi, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Oghenowede Eyawo, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Farshad Farzadfar, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A. Foigt, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Lemma Getacher, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Mahaveer Golechha, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Samer Hamidi, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Claudiu Herteliu, Hung Chak Ho, Ramesh Holla, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Rakibul M. Islam, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S. Ji, Kimberly B. Johnson, Nitin Joseph, Vasna Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Maryam Keramati, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Jagdish Khubchandani, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Jacek A. Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Vaman Kulkarni, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Iván Landires, Heidi Jane Larson, Savita Lasrado, Paul H. Lee, Shanshan Li, Xuefeng Liu, Afshin Maleki, Preeti Malik, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Babak Moazen, Osama Mohamad, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Masoud Moradi, Paula Moraga, Sumaira Mubarik, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, Lillian Mwanri, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Muhammad Naveed, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionut Negoi, Frida N. Ngalesoni, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Andrew T. Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Adrian Pana, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, George C. Patton, Shrikant Pawar, Emmanuel K. Peprah, Maarten J. Postma, Liliana Preotescu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Juwel Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J. Rao, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Mavra A. Riaz, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer M. Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Susan Fred Rumisha, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Maitreyi Sahu, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M. Samy, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Amira A. Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Jae Il Shin, Roman Shrestha, Jasvinder A. Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Shahin Soltani, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Takahiro Tabuchi, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Nuno Taveira, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Rekha Thapar, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Francesco S. Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Yasir Waheed, Richard G. Wamai, Yanzhong Wang, Paul Ward, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Katherine Wilson, Sanni Yaya, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Simon I. Hay, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, and on behalf of Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators
Subjects: HIV, Mapping, Africa, Geostatistics, Spatial statistics, HIV prevalence, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sina Azadnajafabad, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Negar Rezaei, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Nazila Rezaei, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi, Christopher J. L. Murray, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar, GBD 2019 NAME Breast Cancer Collaborators, Sahar Saeed Moghaddam, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari,, Hedayat Abbastabar, Hassan Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Sima Afrashteh, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Marjan Ajami, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Sadaf Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Saba Alvand, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Armin Aryannejad, Tahira Ashra, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Nader Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Mohammad Behnammoghadam, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Somayeh Bohlouli, Wolfram Manuel Wolfram Brück, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Fariba Dorostkar, Ebrahim Eini, Iffat Elbarazi, Muhammed Elhadi, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Fatemeh Farahmand, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Nasrin Galehdar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Azin Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Kimiya Gohari, Goleij Goleij, Golitaleb Golitaleb, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Shafiul Haque, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidar, Zahra Heidarymeybodi, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mohamed Hsairi, Elham Jamshidi, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Tahereh Javaheri, Ali Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Behzad Kiani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Sang-woong Lee, Mozhgan Letafat-nezhad, Somayeh Livani, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ahmad R Mafi, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ahmad Azam Malik, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Yousef Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Ari f Mohammed, Sara Momtazmanesh, Abdolvahab Sara, Paula Moraga, Abbas Mosapour, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Zuhair S Natto, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Marzieh Nojomi, Maryam Noori, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Reza Pakzad, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Fakher Rahim, Shahram Rahimi-Dehgolan, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Mahsa Rashidi, Amirfarzan Rashidi, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Nima Rezaei, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Abdallah M Samy, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Brijesh Sathian, Sayed Mohammad Shafiee, Saeed Shahabi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali Sheidaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Reza Shirkoohi, Parnian Shobeiri, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Elnaz Tabibian, Majid Taheri, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Amir Tiyuri, Irfan Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Rohollah Valizadeh, Bay Vo, Yasir Waheed, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Deniz Yuce, Nazar Zaki, Iman Zare, Mohammad Zoladl, Ali H Mokdad, and Christopher J L Murray
Subjects: breast cancer, epidemiology, risk factor, Global Burden of Disease, Middle East, North Africa, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women globally. The North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region is coping hard with the burden of BC. We aimed to present the latest epidemiology of BC and its risk factors in this region.MethodsWe retrieved the data on BC burden and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe BC status in the 21 countries of the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. We explored BC incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable burden to seven risk factors of female BC, namely, alcohol use, diet high in red meat, low physical activity, smoking, secondhand smoke, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose. Decomposition analysis on BC incidence trend was done to find out the contributing factors to this cancer’s growth.ResultsIn 2019, there were 835,576 (95% uncertainty interval: 741,968 to 944,851) female and 10,938 (9,030 to 13,256) male prevalent cases of BC in the NAME region. This number leads to 35,405 (30,676 to 40,571) deaths among female patients and 809 (654 to 1,002) deaths in male patients this year. BC was responsible for 1,222,835 (1,053,073 to 1,411,009) DALYs among female patients in 2019, with a greater proportion (94.9%) of burden in years of life lost (YLLs). The major contributor to female BC incidence increase in the past three decades was found to be increase in age-specific incidence rates of BC (227.5%), compared to population growth (73.8%) and aging (81.8%). The behavioral risk factors were responsible for majority of attributable female BC burden (DALYs: 106,026 [66,614 to 144,247]). High fasting plasma glucose was found to be the risk factor with the largest effect (DALYs: 84,912 [17,377 to 192,838]) on female BC burden.ConclusionThe increasing incidence and burden of BC in the NAME region is remarkable, especially when considering limited resources in the developing countries of this region. Proper policies like expanding screening programs and careful resource management are needed to effectively manage BC burden.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. The burden of metabolic risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context

Author: Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Javad Khanali, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Sahba Rezazadeh-Khadem, Negar Rezaei, Parnian Shobeiri, Zahra Esfahani, Nazila Rezaei, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar, Amirali Aali, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Meriem Abdoun, Abdorrahim Absalan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen ME. Abu-Rmeileh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ayman Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Marjan Ajami, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Tariq A. Alalwan, Khalid F. Alhabib, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Saleh A. Alqahatni, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami, Sohrab Amiri, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Judie Arulappan, Ashokan Arumugam, Zahra Aryan, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Abolfazl Avan, Sina Azadnajafabad, Samad Azari, Hosein Azizi, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nader Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, Souad Bouaoud, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Abdulaal Chitheer, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Shirin Djalalinia, Milad Dodangeh, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Iffat Elbarazi, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Rana Ezzeddini, Mohammad Fareed, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Yaseen Galali, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Parham Habibzadeh, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Hamidreza Hasani, Maryam Hashemian, Amr Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Kamal Hezam, Reza Homayounfar, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Kaveh Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Jalil Jaafari, Haitham Jahrami, Elham Jamshidi, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ali Kabir, Amirali Karimi, Neda Kaydi, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Moien A.B. Khan, Kashif Ullah Khan, Yusra H. Khan, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Mohammed Kuddus, Savita Lasrado, Sang-woong Lee, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Elham Mahmoudi, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Narges Malih, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Yosef Manla, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Parham Mardi, Abdoljalal Marjani, Sahar Masoudi, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G. Menezes, Vildan Mevsim, Yousef Mohammad, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Arif Mohammed, Sara Momtazmanesh, Fateme Montazeri, Maryam Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Negar Morovatdar, Christopher J.L. Murray, Zuhair S. Natto, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Ali Nowroozi, Morteza Oladnabi, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Raffaele Pezzani, Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi, Sima Rafiei, Mehran Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Shayan Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Chythra R. Rao, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Reza Rawassizadeh, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Malihe Rezaee, Maryam Rezaei, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Gholamreza Roshandel, Aly Saad, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Leila Sabzmakan, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Saeid Sadeghian, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Morteza Saki, Saina Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M. Samy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Brijesh Sathian, Melika Shafeghat, Syed Mahboob Shah, Jaffer Shah, Ataollah Shahbandi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohd Shanawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Jeevan K. Shetty, Zahra Shokri Varniab, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Soraya Siabani, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Mohammad Tabish, Majid Taheri, Yasaman Taheri Abkenar, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Amir Taherkhani, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Bereket M. Tigabu, Alireza Vakilian, Siavash Vaziri, Bay Vo, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Mazyar Zahir, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, and Zahra Zareshahrabadi
Subjects: Global burden of disease, Metabolic risk factors, High systolic blood pressure, High fasting plasma glucose, High body-mass index, High-LDL, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. pH-induced wurtzite-zinc blende heterogeneous phase formation, optical properties tuning and thermal stability improvement of green synthesized CdS nanoparticles

Author: Chan Kok Sheng and Yousef Mohammad Alrababah
Subjects: pH variation, Heterogeneous phase, Optical properties tuning, Thermal stability, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: This is the first paper to report on the pH response to heterogeneous wurtzite/zinc blende phase transformation, optical tunability and thermal stability advancement of the CdS nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation, followed by subsequent thermal treatment at a desired annealing temperature of 320 °C, while the solution pH was varied during CdS synthesis by adjusting the ammonium salt concentration. The surface morphology, crystalline structure, functional groups, optical properties and thermal stability of CdS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectrophotometer, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results show that a dominant sharp band occurs in the FTIR spectra, which authenticates the presence of Cd–S bonds. XRD results reveal that as the pH declines, CdS in the initial cubic phase has gradually transformed into a heterogeneous phase with the coexistence of cubic and hexagonal structures. As observed from the SEM images, the CdS nanoparticles display a homogeneous, smooth and spherically shaped morphology. Optical absorption characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry denotes that the band gap decreases proportionally with pH, which could be attributed to the formation of larger grain sizes from the aggregation of many small nanocrystallites. TGA and DSC analyses demonstrate an improvement in the thermal stability of CdS with increasing pH values. Consequently, the present findings dictate that pH tunability could be a valuable approach to procuring the desired properties for the respective applications of CdS in diverse fields.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. A combined model for COVID-19 pandemic control: The application of Haddon's matrix and community risk reduction tools combined

Author: Anas Khan, Yasir Almuzaini, Alhanouf Aburas, Naif Khalaf Alharbi, Suliman Alghnam, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Ahmed Alahmari, Yousef Mohammad Alsofayan, Fahad Alamri, Mohammed A. Garout, Abdullah M. Assiri, and Hani A. Jokhdar
Subjects: COVID-19, Haddon Matrix Tool, Community Risk Reduction Tool, Combined Model, Disease Transmission, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Introduction: To mitigate morbidity, mortality, and impacts of COVID-19 on health, it was essential to implement a comprehensive framework for COVID-19 control and prevention. A well-recognized tool from the field of injury prevention known as the Haddon matrix was utilized. The matrix states that any accident is affected by the host, agent, and environment. Another well-recognized tool used by the national fire protection association known as the Community risk reduction tool (CRR). The (CRR) tool utilizes the Five E’s of Community Risk Reduction. Aim of the study: To describe the risk factors that increase the susceptibility and the severity of COVID-19 infection based on the Haddon matrix and the proposed prevention strategies by the CRR tool by using the combined model. Methodology: We reviewed the literature to assess known factors contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility, infection, and severity of infection. We then used the Haddon matrix to structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details and timing. We then used the community risk reduction (CRR) model to set all responses and control measures for each element obtained from the Haddon matrix tool. Subsequently, we incorporated both tools to develop the combined model. Conclusion: we proposed and implemented a combined model that utilizes the CRR model as the systematic strategy for the more theoretical framework of Haddon’s matrix. Combining both models was practical and helpful in planning the preparedness and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia that can be generalized to national and international levels.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study

Author: Joseph Jon Frostad, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Mathew M Baumann, Brigette F Blacker, Laurie B Marczak, Aniruddha Deshpande, Kirsten E Wiens, Kate E LeGrand, Kimberly B Johnson, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Victor Adekanmbi, Anurag Agrawal, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Saeed Amini, Fatemeh Amiri, Dickson A Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Sanjay Basu, Neeraj Bedi, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ester Cerin, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sarika Chaturvedi, Simiao Chen, Dinh-Toi Chu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sagnik Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Maha El Tantawi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Davide Guido, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Randah R Hamadeh, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Behzad Heibati, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C D Iwu, Jalil Jaafari, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Tahereh Javaheri, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S Ji, Jost B Jonas, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yousef Saleh Khader, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Gyu Ri Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Luke D Knibbs, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Faris Hasan Lami, Qing Lan, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Paul H Lee, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Daiane Borges Machado, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mina Maheri, Azeem Majeed, Afshin Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Natalie Maria Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Benjamin K Mayala, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Babak Moazen, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Sandra B Munro, Christopher J L Murray, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Sanjeev Nair, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Anamika Pandey, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Hai Quang Pham, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J Postma, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Prateek Rastogi, Goura Kishor Rath, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Andre M N Renzaho, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Morteza Rostamian, Enrico Rubagotti, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, David C Schwebel, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Saeed Shahabi, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Aziz Sheikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Ranjitha S Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, K M Shivakumar, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Leo Stockfelt, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Amir Taherkhani, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Saif Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Santosh Varughese, Francesco S Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Yuan-Pang Wang, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Michael Brauer, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East 1990–2019

Author: Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sina Azadnajafabad, Negar Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi, Farshad Farzadfar, Bagher Larijani, GBD 2019 NAME Thyroid Cancer Collaborators, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Sina Abdollahzade, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Sima Afrashteh, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Saba Alvand, Fazel Isapanah Amlashi, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Jalal Arabloo, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ali Bijani, Iman El Sayed, Iffat Elbarazi, Muhammed Elhadi, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Abbas Farmany, Ali Fatehizadeh, Azin Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Samer Hamidi, Soheil Hassanipour, Mowafa Househ, Tahereh Javaheri, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Javad Khanali, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Somayeh Livani, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ahmad Azam Malik, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sara Momtazmanesh, Paula Moraga, Zuhair S Natto, Maryam Noori, Ali Nowroozi, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Sima Rafiei, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Mahsa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Reza Rawassizadeh, Nima Rezaei, Sahba Rezazadeh-Khadem, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Abdallah M Samy, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Brijesh Sathian, Saeed Shahabi, Sarvenaz Shahin, Elaheh Shaker, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Parnian Shobeiri, Yasaman TaheriAbkenar, Iman M Talaat, Irfan Ullah, Rohollah Valizadeh, Bay Vo, Deniz Yuce, Iman Zare, and Ali H Mokdad
Subjects: north africa and middle east, thyroid cancer, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years, body mass index, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: BackgroundThyroid cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among cancers of the endocrine system. We aimed to describe the trends of thyroid cancer burden in North Africa and Middle East for 1990–2019.MethodsData on burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Decomposition analysis was used to estimate the effects of population growth, aging, and change in incident numbers on overall change of thyroid cancer incidence. Also, we used the comparative risk assessment framework of GBD to determine the burden of thyroid cancer attributable to a high body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of thyroid cancer were 3.5 (2.9–4) and 0.5 (0.5–0.7) per 100,000, respectively. The highest age-standardized incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were in Lebanon, Afghanistan, and United Arab Emirates, respectively. The ASIR of thyroid cancer in region was about 2.5 times higher among women, which had a positive association with increasing age. In 2019, the age-standardized deaths attributable to a high BMI was 16.7% of all deaths due to thyroid cancer. In 1990–2019, the overall change in thyroid cancer incident cases was a 396% increase which was mostly driven by the increase in disease-specific incidence rate (256.8%).ConclusionsWomen, the elderly above about 60 years old, and countries with a higher sociodemographic index showed higher incidence rates of thyroid cancer. Regarding our findings, it is recommended to establish preventive plans by modification in life style like weight reduction programs.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. The burden of prostate cancer in North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study

Author: Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Negar Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, GBD 2019 NAME Prostate Cancer Collaborators, Erfan Amini, Ali H. Mokdad, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Mohsen Naghavi, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar, Behzad Abbasi, Hassan Abidi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Yousef Alimohamadi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Omar Almidani, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sina Azadnajafabad, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nader Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Ali Bijani, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Ahmad Daryani, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Iman El Sayed, Muhammed Elhadi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Masood Fereidoonnezhad, Masoud Foroutan, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Samer Hamidi, Shafiul Haque, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mowafa Househ, Elham Jamshidi, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Farahnaz Joukar, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Amirali Karimi, Yousef Saleh Khader, Javad Khanali, Behzad Kiani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Somayeh Livani, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ahmad R. Mafi, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Azam Malik, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Saeed Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sara Momtazmanesh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Mohammadreza Naghipour, Zuhair S. Natto, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Ali Nowroozi, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Reza Pakzad, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Alireza Rafiei, Vahid Rahmanian, Mahsa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Mohsen Rezaeian, Umar Saeed, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Abdallah M. Samy, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Brijesh Sathian, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Reza Shirkoohi, Parnian Shobeiri, Muhammad Suleman, Amir Tiyuri, Irfan Ullah, Faezeh Vakhshiteh, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Deniz Yuce, Mazyar Zahir, Maryam Zamanian, Iman Zare, and Mohammad Zoladl
Subjects: cancer, global burden of disease, incidence, mortality, prostate-specific antigen, prostatic neoplasms, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This study presents estimates of PCa prevalence, incidence, death, years-of-life-lost (YLLs), years-lived-with-disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the burden attributable to smoking during 1990-2019 in North Africa and Middle East using data of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019.MethodsThis study is a part of GBD 2019. Using vital registration and cancer registry data, the estimates on PCa burden were modeled. Risk factor analysis was performed through the six-step conceptual framework of Comparative Risk Assessment.ResultsThe age-standardized rates (95% UI) of PCa incidence, prevalence, and death in 2019 were 23.7 (18.5-27.9), 161.1 (126.6-187.6), and 11.7 (9.4-13.9) per 100,000 population. While PCa incidence and prevalence increased by 77% and 144% during 1990-2019, respectively, the death rate stagnated. Of the 397% increase in PCa new cases, 234% was due to a rise in the age-specific incidence rate, 79% due to population growth, and 84% due to population aging. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of PCa increased by 2% (-11.8-23.1), 108% (75.5-155.1), and 6% (-8.9-28.1). The death rate and DALYs rate attributable to smoking have decreased 12% and 10%, respectively. The DALYs rate attributable to smoking was 37.4 (15.9-67.8) in Lebanon and 5.9 (2.5-10.6) in Saudi Arabia, which were the highest and lowest in the region, respectively.ConclusionsThe PCa incidence and prevalence rates increased during 1990-2019; however, the death rate stagnated. The increase in the incidence was mostly due to the rise in the age-specific incidence rate, rather than population growth or aging. The burden of PCa attributable to smoking has decreased in the past 30 years.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. THE PRE-CONTRACTUAL DUTY OF DISCLOSURE IN THE PALESTINIAN CIVIL CODE DRAFT AND ITS ROLE IN MAINTAINING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM

Author: Osama Ismail Mohammad Amayreh, Izura Masdina Mohamad Zakri, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, and Yousef Mohammad Shandi
Subjects: duty of disclosure, pre-contractual obligations, palestinian civil code draft, economic contractual equilibrium, negotiation phase, Law
Abstract: Many recent legislations and international principles tend to apply the pre-contractual duty of disclosure as one of the most substantial principles governing the pre-contracting phase, such as Article 1112-1 of the Amended French Civil Code of 2016, Article 1337 of the Amended Italian Civil Code and Article 13 of chapter 2 of the Common European Sales Law, etc. However, the Palestinian legislature has ignored enacting legal provisions imposing the pre-contractual duty of disclosure which causes legislative deficiencies in the legislative remedies of the subject of pre-contractual duty of disclosure. In this regard, this paper suggests orientations for the formulation of the provisions of the pre-contractual duty of disclosure in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft (PDCC). To do so, a comparative analytical approach with the French civil code is used to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the urgent need to legislate a legal article which obligates the negotiating party to disclose any substantial information for the satisfaction of the other party. As such, the contractual equilibrium entails that the pre-contractual duty of disclosure has its own independent essence from all the theories that the jurisprudence adopted as a legal basis for this duty.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Emma Nichols, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Hubert Amu, Iman Ansari, Jalal Arabloo, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Getinet Ayano, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Atif Amin Baig, Anthony Barnett, Amadou Barrow, Bernhard T Baune, Yannick Béjot, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Prachi P Chavan, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, David Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Jawad Fares, Andre Faro, Umar Farooque, Valery L Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Howard Fillit, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Lucia Galluzzo, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Alessandro Gialluisi, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Brian J Hall, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, M Tasdik Hasan, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Rizwan Kalani, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gizat M Kassie, Pedram Keshavarz, Moien AB Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Walter J Koroshetz, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Ahmad Azam Malik, João Massano, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ritesh G Menezes, Atte Meretoja, Bahram Mohajer, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Carrie B Peterson, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Constance Dimity Pond, Michele H Potashman, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sergio I Prada, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Priyanga Ranasinghe, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Brijesh Sathian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Masood Ali Shaikh, KS Shaji, Mohammed Shannawaz, Jeevan K Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Sergey Soshnikov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Dan J Stein, Jing Sun, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Bhaskar Thakur, Binod Timalsina, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Anders Wimo, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, and Theo Vos
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. Methods: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4–65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8–175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [–7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64–1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52–1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41–67]) and western Europe (74% [58–90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367% [329–403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323–395]). Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied by world region, with population growth contributing most to the increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation: Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gates Ventures.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Potential Cross-Reactive Immunity to COVID-19 Infection in Individuals With Laboratory-Confirmed MERS-CoV Infection: A National Retrospective Cohort Study From Saudi Arabia

Author: Anas A. Khan, Ahmed A. Alahmari, Yasir Almuzaini, Fahad Alamri, Yousef Mohammad Alsofayan, Alhanouf Aburas, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Maria Van Kerkhove, Saber Yezli, Gregory R. Ciottone, Abdullah M. Assiri, and Hani A. Jokhdar
Subjects: coronavirus disease 2019, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, cross-immunity, mortality, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: BackgroundA growing number of experiments have suggested potential cross-reactive immunity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and previous human coronaviruses. We conducted the present retrospective cohort study to investigate the relationship between previous Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the relationship between previous MERS-CoV and COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality.MethodsStarting in March 2020, we prospectively followed two groups of individuals who tested negative for COVID-19 infection. The first group had a previously confirmed MERS-CoV infection, which was compared to a control group of MERS-negative individuals. The studied cohort was then followed until November 2020 to track evidence of contracting COVID-19 infection.FindingsA total of 82 (24%) MERS-positive and 260 (31%) MERS-negative individuals had COVID-19 infection. Patients in the MERS-positive group had a lower risk of COVID-19 infection than those in the MERS-negative group (Risk ratio [RR] 0.696, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.522-0.929; p =0.014). The risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization in the MERS-positive group was significantly higher (RR 4.036, 95% CI 1.705-9.555; p =0.002). The case fatality rate (CFR) from COVID-19 was 4.9% in the MERS-positive group and 1.2% in the MERS-negative group (p =0.038). The MERS-positive group had a higher risk of death than the MERS-negative group (RR 6.222, 95% CI 1.342-28.839; p =0.019). However, the risk of mortality was similar between the two groups when death was adjusted for age (p =0.068) and age and sex (p =0.057). After controlling for all the independent variables, only healthcare worker occupation and >1 comorbidity were independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection.InterpretationIndividuals with previous MERS-CoV infection can exhibit a cross-reactive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study demonstrated that patients with MERS-CoV infection had higher risks of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death than MERS-negative individuals.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Simultaneous bilateral posterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to giant cell arteritis: a case presentation and review of the literature

Author: Anas Mohammad Albarrak, Yousef Mohammad, Sajjad Hussain, Sufia Husain, and Taim Muayqil
Subjects: Giant cell arteritis, Blindness, Headache, Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, Neuro-ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Abstract Background This report highlights a rare case of simultaneous bilateral blindness due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Typically, ophthalmic involvement in giant cell arteritis is monocular or sequential ischemia of the anterior portion of the optic nerve, and less frequently simultaneous. Case presentation An 80-year-old Saudi male came with a history of simultaneous bilateral vision loss 5 days prior to presentation. The exam showed dilated non-reactive pupils, no light perception in both eyes, and normal fundus exam. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels were high Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain showed a right posterior optic nerve lesion and absence of flow in both ophthalmic arteries respectively. A left temporal artery biopsy confirmed giant cell arteritis. Conclusion The presentation of GCA can be atypical and patients may present with simultaneous blindness. Bilateral simultaneous PION does not exclusively occur in a post surgical setting, emphasizing the importance of decreasing the threshold of suspicion of similar cases to avoid further neurological complications.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Rural women entrepreneurship: when femininity compensates for institutional hurdles

Author: Karami, Masoud, Karimi, Yousef Mohammad, Akbari, Mohsen, and Gnoth, Juergen
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis

Author: Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Methods: A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000–18 lymphatic filariasis prevalence for 73 current or previously endemic countries. We applied Bayesian model-based geostatistics and time series methods to generate spatially continuous estimates of global all-age 2000–18 prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection mapped at a resolution of 5 km2 and aggregated to estimate total number of individuals infected. Findings: We used 14 927 datapoints to fit the geospatial models. An estimated 199 million total individuals (95% uncertainty interval 174–234 million) worldwide were infected with lymphatic filariasis in 2000, with totals for WHO regions ranging from 3·1 million (1·6–5·7 million) in the region of the Americas to 107 million (91–134 million) in the South-East Asia region. By 2018, an estimated 51 million individuals (43–63 million) were infected. Broad declines in prevalence are observed globally, but focal areas in Africa and southeast Asia remain less likely to have attained infection prevalence thresholds proposed to achieve local elimination. Interpretation: Although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection has declined since 2000, MDA is still necessary across large populations in Africa and Asia. Our mapped estimates can be used to identify areas where the probability of meeting infection thresholds is low, and when coupled with large uncertainty in the predictions, indicate additional data collection or intervention might be warranted before MDA programmes cease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Kirsten E Wiens, Paulina A Lindstedt, Brigette F Blacker, Kimberly B Johnson, Mathew M Baumann, Lauren E Schaeffer, Hedayat Abbastabar, Sr, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Sr, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Sr, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Mohsen Afarideh, Sohail Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Anwar E Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdia Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Noore Alam, Sr, Samiah Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Sr, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Sr, Arianna Maever L Amit, Sr, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sr, Mina Anjomshoa, Amir Anoushiravani, Sr, Fereshteh Ansari, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Sr, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Sr, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sr, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Sr, Yared Asmare Aynalem IV, Samad Azari, Peter S Azzopardi, Ebrahim Babaee, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Sr, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Sr, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Sr, Aleksandra Barac, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Estifanos Baye, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh, Michellr L Bell, Sr, Derrick A Bennett, Sr, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Sr, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Sr, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Binyam Minuye Birihane IV, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Sr, Reinhard Busse, Sr, Zahid A Butt, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Sr, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Sr, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Sr, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Sr, Franz Castro, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Sr, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu, Jr, Ken Lee Chin, Sr, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Carlos Culquichicon, Matiwos Soboka Daba, Giovanni Damiani, Sr, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Sr, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Gail Davey, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Adrian C Davis, Sr, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Sr, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sr, Kebede Deribe, Sr, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Sr, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sr, Andem Effiong, Sr, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Teshome Bekele Elema I, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Sr, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Iqbal RF Elyazar, Aklilu Endalamaw, Daniel Adane Endalew, Sr, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Sr, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Mohammad Fareed, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Farshad Farzadfar, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L Feigin, Sr, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Sr, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Teshome Gebre, Sr, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Sr, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Sr, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Sr, Paramjit Singh Gill, Sr, Tiffany K Gill, Themba G G Ginindza, Nelson G M Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Sr, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Sr, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Sr, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Sr, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Sr, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru I, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, Mohammad Hoseini, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Sr, Guoqing Hu, Mohammedaman Mama Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Ehimario U Igumbor, Sr, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Neda Izadi, Sr, Anelisa Jaca, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Sr, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Sr, Amaha Kahsay, Hamed Kalani, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd Anisul Karim, Hamidreza Karimi-Sari, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Yawukal chane Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Sr, Andre Pascal Kengne, Sr, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sr, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan I, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Khaled Khatab, Sr, Amir M Khater, Mona M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Niranjan Kissoon, Sr, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M KMShivakumar, Sr, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Sr, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Moritz U G Kraemer, Kewal Krishan, Nuworza Kugbey, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Sr, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Sheetal D Lad, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Felix Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Sr, Prabhat Lamichhane, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H Lee, Sr, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Sr, Aubrey J Levine, Shanshan Li, Sr, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Simin Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Joshua Longbottom, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D R Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Sr, Narayan B Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Sr, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Sr, Navid Manafi, Sr, Ana Laura Manda, Narendar Dawani Dawanu Manohar, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Joemer C Maravilla, Gabriel Martinez, Sr, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sr, Kala M Mehta, Tefera C Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Sr, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Sr, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Sr, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Dara K Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Noushin Mohammadifard, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Sr, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Yoshan Moodley, Sr, Catrin E Moore, Sr, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor I, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Sr, Getahun Fentaw Mulaw, Sr, Sandra B Munro, Moses K Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, GVS Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Sr, Saravanan Muthupandian, Sr, Ashraf F Nabhan, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Sr, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Sr, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Sr, Ionut Negoi, Sr, Henok Biresaw Netsere Netsere, Sr, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Sr, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Dabere Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Vuong Minh Nong, Ole F Norheim, Sr, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Bogdan Oancea, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Sr, Eyal Oren, Doris V V Ortega-Altamirano, Sr, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Sr, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Sr, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Sangram Kishor Patel, Angel J Paternina-Caicedo, Sr, Ashish Pathak, Sr, George C Patton, Deepak Paudel, Sr, Kebreab Paulos, Sr, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Alexandre Pereira, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Sr, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I Prada, Sr, Narayan Prasad, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, SHAFIUR Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Sr, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Sr, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Davide Rasella, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Sr, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M N Renzaho, Sr, Serge Resnikoff, Sr, Melese Abate Reta, Negar Rezaei, Mohammad sadegh Rezai, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Sr, Maria Rios-Blancas, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Elias Merdassa Roro, Sr, Jennifer M Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sr, Yahya Safari, Roya Safari-Faramani, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Sr, Payman Salamati, Hosni Salem, Marwa R Rashad Salem I, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Sr, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Kaushik Sarkar, Sr, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Nizal Sarrafzadegan I, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Sr, David C Schwebel, Sr, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta IV, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Sr, Hosein Shabaninejad, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Sr, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Sr, Seifadin Ahmed Shallo, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Hamid Sharifi, Hatem Samir Shehata, Sr, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Sr, Kenji Shibuya, Sr, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Sr, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Sr, Reza Shirkoohi, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Ambrish Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Singh, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Sr, Anton Sokhan, Shahin Soltani, Ranjani Somayaji, Moslem Soofi, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sr, Ireneous N Soyiri, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Sr, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Marufa Sultana, Bruno Fokas Sunguya, Bryan L Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Jr, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Aberash Abay Tasew, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Sr, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay I, Fisaha Haile Haile Tesfay, Belay Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Alemayehu Toma Toma, Sr, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Sr, Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu, Sr, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Sr, Francesco S Violante, Sr, Sebastian Vollmer, Sr, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Sr, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Marcia Weaver, Bedilu Girma Weji, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Sr, Taweewat Wiangkham, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Sr, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Sr, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Sr, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Sr, Ai-Min Wu, Gelin Xu, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Sr, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Christopher Sabo Yilgwan, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Sr, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Sr, Seok-Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Xiu-Ju George Zhao, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Sr, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. تأثير الكثافة النباتية على بعض الصفات الإنتاجية لصنفي الفول السوداني سوري(1) وسوري(2) في الساحل السوري

Author: Yousef mohammad, Rabie zaineh, and Muhammad zalikha
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: نفذ البحث في محطة الصنوبر للبحوث العلمية الزراعية (سوريا/اللاذقية) خلال الموسم الزراعية 2017, هَدَفَ البحث إلى دراسة تأثير الكثافة النباتية على بعض الصفات الإنتاجية للفول السوداني, واستخدم في البحث صنفين من الفول السوداني (سوري1) و (سوري2) وأربع كثافات نباتية هي (6.66 – 8 – 10 – 13.33 نبات.م-2), صممت التجربة وفق تصميم القطاعات العشوائية المنشقة لمرة واحدة (Split Plot Design) بثلاث مكررات, حيث شغل نوع الصنف القطع الرئيسية والكثافة النباتية القطع المنشقة, وأظهرت النتائج تفوق الكثافة النباتية المنخفضة (6.66 نبات.م-2) معنوياً على الكثافة النباتية المرتفعة (13.33 نبات.م-2) في صفة الوزن الجاف الكلي للنبات, وصفة وزن الـ100 بذرة وبلغت (139.16 , 120 غ.نبات-1 – 46.56 , 44.76 غ على التوالي), في حين تفوقت الكثافة النباتية المنخفضة (6.66 نبات.م-2) معنوياً على باقي الكثافات النباتية (8 – 10 – 13.33 نبات.م-2) في صفة عدد القرون/النبات وبلغت (30.13 , 27.1 , 24.62 , 22.12 قرن/نبات), كما تفوقت الكثافة النباتية المرتفعة (13.33 نبات.م-2) معنوياً على باقي الكثافات النباتية (10 – 8 – 6.66 نبات.م-2) في إنتاجية القرون (2990 , 2542 , 2293 , 2180 كغ.هـ-1 على التوالي) ووزن الغلة البذرية (2428 , 2084 , 1931 , 1849 كغ.هـ-1). في حين لم تسجل فروق معنوية بين الصنف (سوري1) و (سوري2) في جميع الصفات المدروسة باستثناء وزن الـ100 بذرة, حيث تفوق الصنف سوري(1) معنوياً على الصنف سوري(2) وبلغت (47.24 , 44.11 غ على التوالي)
Published: 2020

24. Cardiovascular MRI: A valuable tool to detect cardiac source of emboli in cryptogenic ischemic strokes

Author: Yousef Mohammad, Tariq Alhoqbani, Rashed Alfaqih, Lamees Altamimi, Abdullah Alotaibi, Abdulelah AlMousa, Fayez El Shaer, and Fawaz Al‐Hussain
Subjects: cardiac‐emboli, cardiovascular MRI, stroke, transesophageal echocardiogram, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Objectives Despite a thorough work‐up including transesophageal echocardiography, 20%–30% of stroke etiology remains cryptogenic. Transesophageal echocardiogram is considered the gold standard procedure to detect cardiac or aortic sources of emboli. In the recent years, cardiovascular MRI has emerged as a noninvasive, sound, and reliable modality to image morphological and functional abnormalities. In this study, we compared none contrast cardiovascular MRI to transesophageal echocardiogram, in the ability to detect cardiovascular source of embolus in cryptogenic ischemic strokes. Methods A series of 24 patients who were labeled, after a thorough stroke work‐up, as having cryptogenic stroke, were examined with both transesophageal echocardiogram and noncontrast cardiovascular MRI to assess for cardiac or aortic source of emboli. The cardiologist who interpreted the transesophageal echocardiograms was blinded to the results of cardiovascular MRI. At the same time, the radiologist who interpreted the cardiovascular MRI was also blinded to the results of transesophageal echocardiogram. The cardiac lesions, with potential source of emboli that were assessed in our study included left ventricular thrombus, atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic atherosclerotic disease. The ability of cardiovascular MRI to identify potential source of cardiac embolus was then compared to that of transesophageal echocardiogram. Results Transesophageal echocardiogram detected ascending or arch aortic atherosclerotic plaque in 14 of the 24 patients. Other abnormalities detected include two atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. Cardiovascular MRI was able to identify aortic atheroma in 13 patients; as well as three atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. The accuracy of cardiovascular MRI to detect aortic atheroma, atrial septal aneurysm or left ventricular thrombus was great; 96%, 95.83%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion This small study suggests that, in patients with cryptogenic stroke, cardiovascular MRI is comparable to transesophageal echocardiogram in detecting cardiac and aortic source of emboli.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. The burden of disease in Saudi Arabia 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Stefanos Tyrovolas, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Suliman A Alghnam, Khalid F Alhabib, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almadi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Neeraj Bedi, Maha El Tantawi, Varsha Sarah Krish, Ziad A Memish, Yousef Mohammad, Alex Molassiotis, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Nasir Salam, Badr Hasan Sobaih, and Ali H Mokdad
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Summary: Background: Availability of data to assess the population health and provision and quality of health care in Saudi Arabia has been lacking. In 2010, Saudi Arabia began a major investment and transformation programme in the health-care sector. Here we assess the impact of this investment era on mortality, health loss, risk factors, and health-care services in the country. Methods: We used results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to describe the levels and temporal patterns in deaths, health loss, risk factors, and health-care access and quality in the Saudi Arabian population during 1990–2010 (before the health-care investments and reform) and 2010–17 (during health-care investments and reform). We also compared patterns in health outcomes between these periods with those in the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Findings: Age-standardised mortality in Saudi Arabia decreased from 1990 to 2010 (annualised rate of change of −0·58%), and this decrease was further accelerated from 2010 to 2017 (–2·20%). The north Africa and the Middle East GBD region also had decreases in mortality during these periods, but for 2010–17 the decrease was not as low as in Saudi Arabia (–1·29%). Transport injuries decreased from third ranked cause of disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 to fifth ranked cause in 2017 in Saudi Arabia, below cardiovascular diseases (ranked first) and musculoskeletal disorders (ranked second). Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to mental disorders, substance use disorders, neoplasms, and neurological disorders consistently increased over the periods 1990–2010 and 2010–17. Between 1990 and 2017, attributable YLDs due to metabolic, behavioural, and environmental or occupational risk factors remained almost unchanged in Saudi Arabia, with high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose concentration, and drug use increasing across all age groups. Health-care Access and Quality (HAQ) Index levels increased in Saudi Arabia during this period with similar patterns to the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region. Interpretation: Decreases in mortality continued at greater rates in Saudi Arabia during the period of 2010–17 than in 1990–2010. HAQ Index levels have also improved. Public health policy makers in Saudi Arabia need to increase efforts to address preventable risk factors that are major contributors to the burden of ill health and disability. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. اتجاهات معلمي العلوم والرياضيات والحاسوب نحو استخدام المنحى الجذعي في منحى تدريس موضوعات العلوم والتَّقَنِيّة والهندسة والرياضيات في التدريس في منطقة الرياض التعليميّة

Author: Yousef Mohammad Jubraeel Alissa and Mohammad Adnan Mohammad Ejbara
Subjects: التعلم الذكي ، المنحى الجذعي في التدريس, Education
Abstract: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرّف اتجاهات معلمي العلوم والرياضيات والحاسوب نحو استخدام المنحى الجذعي في منحى تدريس موضوعات العلوم والتَّقَنِيّة والهندسة والرياضيات في منطقة الرياض التعليميّة، تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من جميع معلمي الرياضيات والعلوم والحاسوب والذين يدرسون وفق المنحى الجذعي (STEM) بمنطقة الرياض التعليميّة للعام الدراسي 2018\2019. حيث تكونت عينتها من (38) معلم من معلمي مدارس التعلم الذكي الأهلية في منطقة الرياض التعليميّة، والذين تم اختيارهم بطريقة قصدية، حيث تم استخدام أداة الدراسة والتي تكونت من (32) فقرة بصورتها النهائية، وتم التحقق من صدق الأداة حيث تراوحت معاملات الارتباط ما بين (0.60-0.85) والدرجة الكلية ، كما بلغ ثبات الأداة (0.85). حيث أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الاتجاه بشكل العام إجابي نحو استخدام المنحى الجذعي في التدريس (STEM) حيث بلغ المتوسط العام(3.49). كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيًا تبعًا لمتغير الجنس (ت= 0.82)عند مستوى دلالة α =0.05. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة احصائيًا تبعًا لمتغير المادة الدراسية(ف=22.02) عند مستوى دلالة α =0.05 ولصالح مادة الرياضيات والعلوم، حيث أوصت الدراسة تبني منحى (STEM) في التدريس، والعمل على إقرار منهج خاص لتعليم منحى ستيم في المستقبل القريب وإدراجه في الخطة القادمة لمراحل التعليم العام الثلاثة، وتوفير الإمكانيات المادية والظروف المناسبة في البيئات التعليميّة لتطبيق هذا النوع من التعلم.
Published: 2020

27. PRE-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION IN THE PALESTINIAN CIVIL CODE DRAFT AND ITS ROLE IN MAINTAINING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM

Author: Osama Ismail Amayreh, Izura Masdina Mohamad Zakri, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, and Yousef Mohammad Shandi
Subjects: Obligation to Confidentiality of Information, Economic Contractual Equilibrium, Palestinian Civil Code Draft, Pre-Contracting Phase, Secrecy of Information, Law
Abstract: It is inconceivable that a person can be legally obliged to provide influential information to another party in order to contract freely and in an enlightened manner without requiring the latter to maintain the confidentiality of the exchanged information between the parties. In this context, Article 2.1.16 of the UNIDROIT principles of International Commercial Contracts and Article 1112-2 of the French Decree N 131-2016, etc. tend to apply the obligation to confidentiality of information at the pre-contracting phase as one of the most substantial principles governing this phase. However, the Palestinian legislature, having ignored enacting legal provisions obliging the parties to maintain the confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase, caused legislative deficiencies in the legislative remedies of the subject of confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase. A such, as a prime objective, this paper seeks to suggest orientations for the formulation of provisions for the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft. Thus, an analytical comparative approach -with the French civil code- is used, while alluding briefly to German and English law, as to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the urgent need to legislate a legal article obligating the negotiating parties to maintain confidentiality of information, in order to contribute to the stability of civil and commercial transactions. In this regard, contractual equilibrium entails that the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information has its own independent essence from all the theories that the jurisprudence adopted as a legal basis for this obligation.
Published: 2019

28. THE PRE-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION IN THE PALESTINIAN CIVIL CODE DRAFT AND ITS ROLE IN MAINTAINING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM

Author: Osama Ismail Mohammad Amayreh, Izura Masdina Mohamad Zakr, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, and Yousef Mohammad Shandi
Subjects: Law
Abstract: It is inconceivable that a person can be legally obliged to provide influential information to another party in order to contract freely and in an enlightened manner without requiring the latter to maintain the confidentiality of the exchanged information between the parties. In this context, Article 2.1.16 of the UNIDROIT principles of International Commercial Contracts and Article 1112-2 of the French Decree N 131-2016, etc. tend to apply the obligation to confidentiality of information at the pre-contracting phase as one of the most substantial principles governing this phase. However, the Palestinian legislature, having ignored enacting legal provisions obliging the parties to maintain the confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase, caused legislative deficiencies in the legislative remedies of the subject of confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase. A such, as a prime objective, this paper seeks to suggest orientations for the formulation of provisions for the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft. Thus, an analytical comparative approach -with the French civil code- is used, while alluding briefly to German and English law, as to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the urgent need to legislate a legal article obligating the negotiating parties to maintain confidentiality of information, in order to contribute to the stability of civil and commercial transactions. In this regard, contractual equilibrium entails that the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information has its own independent essence from all the theories that the jurisprudence adopted as a legal basis for this obligation.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Pseudotumor cerebri induced by topical application of steroid: a case report

Author: Yousef Mohammad, Bandar N. Aljafen, Mohammed S. Alnafisah, and Fawaz A. Al-Hussain
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: A 19-year-old man visited the neurology clinic for evaluation of a headache and pulsating tinnitus that he had experienced for 2 months. A neurological examination was normal, except for bilateral disc swelling. His medical history was notable for recently diagnosed psoriasis for which he had been applying topical hydrocortisone 2.5% three to four times a day. Neuro-imaging with a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography of the brain was normal, except for tortuosity of the optic nerves and dilatation of the optic nerve sheaths. Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome was suspected. Unfortunately, the patient refused a spinal tap to measure the cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure. Excessive application of topical steroid was believed to be the cause of the patient’s pseudotumor cerebri syndrome . The patient’s headache and disc swelling improved after treatment with acetazolamide and cessation of topical hydrocortisone. This is the first case report of a topical steroid associated with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Siesta and Risk for Ischemic Stroke: Results from a Case-Control Study

Author: Yousef Mohammad
Subjects: siesta, afternoon nap, ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background and objectives: Siesta, which is a short afternoon nap, is a habit that is commonly practiced in the Mediterranean and tropical areas. Data on the association between siesta and coronary artery disease has been conflicting. A protective effect has been demonstrated in the countries that commonly practice siesta, but a harmful effect has been observed in the countries that infrequently practice the siesta habit. Information on the association between siesta and ischemic stroke has been, however, lacking. Hence, the purpose of our study was to determine the effect of siesta on ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study, conducted on the patients with acute ischemic stroke who came for their first follow-up visit to the neurology clinic. Controls were randomly selected from the patients visiting the neurology clinic on the same day as the patients with ischemic stroke. In addition to basic demographics and the occurrence of established stroke risk factors, information about siesta practice was also collected from both groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between siesta practice and ischemic stroke. Results: A total of 206 patients were recruited from the neurology clinic of King Khalid university hospital; of which only 194 subjects were included in the analysis (98 ischemic stroke cases and 96 controls). The mean age of the participants was 59.68 ± 13.75 years and 98 (50.52%) were male. Interestingly, 43% of the whole study cohort practiced regular siesta. However, when compared to the stroke population, the control group practiced siesta more frequently (30% vs. 56%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, excess body weight (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) and dyslipidemia were found to increase the risk of ischemic stroke (OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.02–4.66, p = 0.005; OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.94–4.88, p = 0.014; OR 2.94, 95% CI: 1.5164–5.7121 p = 0.0014; OR 3.27, 95% CI: 2.42–5.199, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, the practice of regular siesta lowered the risk of ischemic stroke (OR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.3551–0.9526, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Siesta was associated with a reduced risk for the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Large prospective longitudinal studies should be conducted to verify the protective effect of siesta on stroke.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Workplace resilience and compassionate care among Jordanian private sector nurses

Author: Nassar, Yousef Mohammad, Eshah, Nidal, Al-Maqableh, Hindya O., Nashwan, Abdulqadir J., Rayan, Ahmad, and Alhawajreh, Mohammad J.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Comparison of the Effect of Competency-Based Education Model and Traditional Teaching on Cognitive and Clinical Skills Learning among ICU Nursing Students

Author: Azam Naderi, Rahim Baghaei, Yousef Mohammad por, Nasrin Aliramaei, and Kobra Ghorban zadeh
Subjects: competency based education, traditional education, clinical and cognitive skills, nursing student, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Introduction: Clinical education and evaluation is fundamental to nursing education. This study investigated the effect of competency-based and traditional teaching methods on clinical and cognitive learning of nursing students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 28 nursing students taking ICU courses in the academic hospital of Taleghani affiliated with Urmia Medical University in 2010 and 2011.Subject were selected by using census sampling and then using simple randomization method and assigned to experiment and control groups. Both groups took pre and post tests for cognitive skills through answering a questionnaire and the post test for clinical skills was done through a check list. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests and SPSS 16. Results: The results showed the mean and standard deviation scores in clinical skills obtained from the experiment group students (competency-based education) and control (traditional training)were 162±10/72and117±25/01,which were significantly greater in the experimental group (p< 0/05). Also the independent t-test on pretest scores on cognitive skills showed there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0/05). But post-test scores on cognitive skills in the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P
Published: 2012

33. Tidal stream power resource assessment of the Churchill Barriers in the Orkney Islands, Scotland

Author: Yousef, Mohammad, Johanning, Lars, Venugopal, Vengatesan, and Barltrop, Nigel
Subjects: Blue Kenue, Churchill Barriers, the Orkney Islands, TELEMAC-2D, Tidal stream resource assessment, tidal stream turbine
Abstract: In order to tackle climate change challenges, various renewable energy sources are required to provide sufficient energy to phase out fossil fuel and decarbonise electricity generation. This research project aimed to present a detailed methodology to conduct a tidal stream power resource assessment using the TELEMAC-2D hydrodynamic numerical model and investigate the prospect of harnessing the tidal resources. The site identified for this study was the Churchill Barriers No.1 and No.2 in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. The Churchill Barriers have served a number of important roles over the years: from initially providing wartime defences for the Royal Naval anchorage in Scapa Flow during the Second World War, to currently providing vital road links between the Mainland and the islands; and now with the prospect of harnessing tidal resources, to providing electrical energy. The TELEMAC-2D model set-up, calibration and validation, evaluation of performance indices, and harmonic analysis were discussed. Field measurements, bathymetric and coastline data were required to calibrate and validate the numerical model. The main findings of the research project include: 1) a detailed parametric analysis of key input parameters of the TELEMAC-2D model, 2) a long-term study of the tidal cycle of the study area to observe the annual and seasonal variations of the mean power density, 3) an investigation and evaluation of the potential for extracting tidal power at the site when opening up several proportions of the barriers and incorporating tidal stream turbines, 4) an assessment of the impact of lateral spacing and blockage effect of turbines on power extraction, and 5) a conclusion of the optimum number of turbines and lateral spacing for the selected tidal channels.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Awareness of Jordanian surgical patients about covid 19 during peak of epidemic at JUH

Author: Aloweidi, Abdelkarim S, Abu Halaweh, Sami, Al-Mustafa, Mahmoud M, Massad, Islam, Qudaisat, Ibraheem, El-share, Ahmad, Rwaidi, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Al-Nouti, Mazin, Bsisu, Isam, and Aqel, Mohammad
Published: 2022

35. Electromechanical hand-driven electromyogram signal

Author: Uzun Ozsahin, Dilber, primary, Emegano, Declan Ikechukwu, additional, Altartoor, Samer M.Y., additional, Yousef, Mohammad Eyad Osama, additional, Duwa, Basil Bartholomew, additional, and Ozsahin, Ilker, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. List of contributors

Author: Abid, Obada, primary, Abuamsha, Belal J.N., additional, Abuedia, Alaa M.Y., additional, Alayouti, Fadel, additional, Alchoib, Abdullah, additional, Aldakhil, Mohammad, additional, Aleter, Ayman, additional, Ali, Majd Issam, additional, Aljammal, Ghazy, additional, Alsabbagh, Riad, additional, Alshobaki, Moayad, additional, Alsiba, Abdulraheem, additional, Altartoor, Samer M.Y., additional, Attili, Saleem, additional, Bader, Bahaaeddin A.T., additional, Banat, Ali Mohsen, additional, Barot, Janee Dinesh, additional, Cham, Dawda, additional, Duwa, Basil Bartholomew, additional, Eddin, Mohamad Sharaf, additional, Edward, David, additional, Eldasougi, Nosaiba Elhassan, additional, Elsafdy, Khaldun, additional, Emegano, Declan Ikechukwu, additional, Gambu, James, additional, Günaşti, Cemalettin Yağiz, additional, Haider, Omar, additional, Hamdan, Mohamad Khir, additional, Hamzah, Noor, additional, Hashi, Ibrahim, additional, Hassan, Abdulsamad, additional, Hassan, Shahida, additional, Himaid, Abdelrahman, additional, Hussein, Osama Haj, additional, Ibrahim, Ismail, additional, Idoko, Bartholomew, additional, Idoko, John Bush, additional, Ishimwe, Deborah, additional, Ismail, Mohamed, additional, Khorzom, Lama, additional, Mustapha, Mubarak Taiwo, additional, Naesa, Mohamad, additional, Obied, Mohammed Al, additional, Onakpojeruo, Efe Precious, additional, Ozsahin, Ilker, additional, Rwiyereka, Angelique, additional, Shoaireb, Emad, additional, Skaik, Mohammed, additional, Subedar, Waqqas Atiq Ur Raheman, additional, Tirah, Galaya, additional, Usanase, Natacha, additional, Uzun Ozsahin, Dilber, additional, Yavuz, Tevfik, additional, and Yousef, Mohammad Eyad Osama, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Wurtzite CdS ratio tunability on α-Fe2O3/CdS synergistic heterostructure for enhanced UV-induced photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine 6G dye pollutant

Author: Alrababah, Yousef Mohammad and Sheng, Chan Kok
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Experimental and computational investigation of the effect of Hsc70 structural variants on inhibiting amylin aggregation

Author: Chaari, Ali, Saikia, Nabanita, Paul, Pradipta, Yousef, Mohammad, Ding, Feng, and Ladjimi, Moncef
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Thermal annealing gradient tailoring on ammonium nitrate-capped CdS nanospheres synthesized via green precipitation

Author: Kok Sheng, Chan and Alrababah, Yousef Mohammad
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Proposed E-payment Process Model to Enhance Quality of Service through Maintaining the Trust of Availability

Author: AL-Qawasmi, Khaled, AL-Mousa, Mohammad, and yousef, Mohammad
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract: The use of the Internet has become an urgent necessity in various fields and activities. One of such important fields could be electronic business (E-Business). E-business includes all operations and activities related to Internet commerce, including e-commerce, e-marketing, eservices, e-payment, and electronic transfer. This proposal focuses on two perspectives that are under e-commerce umbrella where many e-payment process models suffer from the lack of clarity in the special procedures of the verification of the quality of services. This proposal, therefore, proposes a new E-payment process model to enhance the quality of service through maintaining availability. The proposed model focuses on the concepts of electronic payment model dimensions, which includes integrity, non-repudiation, authenticity, confidentiality, privacy, and availability. Accordingly, the proposed model implements the availability dimension in order to improve the quality of services that are provided to the consumer., Comment: 5 pages
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Thermal performance analysis of 18,650 battery thermal management system integrated with liquid-cooling and air-cooling

Author: Ye, Jiedong, Aldaher, Abdallah Yousef Mohammad, and Tan, Gangfeng
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. pH-induced wurtzite-zinc blende heterogeneous phase formation, optical properties tuning and thermal stability improvement of green synthesized CdS nanoparticles

Author: Sheng, Chan Kok and Alrababah, Yousef Mohammad
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. A suggested scientific research environment measure SREM in medical faculties

Author: Yousef, Mohammad Ali and Dashash, Mayssoon
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Cardiovascular Effects of Ranolazine and the Scope for Translational Research: A Current Review of Literature

Author: Pratiti, Rebecca, primary, Sud, Parul, additional, Yousef, Mohammad, additional, and Moza, Ankush, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. A combined model for COVID-19 pandemic control: The application of Haddon's matrix and community risk reduction tools combined

Author: Khan, Anas, Almuzaini, Yasir, Aburas, Alhanouf, Alharbi, Naif Khalaf, Alghnam, Suliman, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A., Alahmari, Ahmed, Alsofayan, Yousef Mohammad, Alamri, Fahad, Garout, Mohammed A., Assiri, Abdullah M., and Jokhdar, Hani A.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Figure 2 from: Youssef AMM, Maaty DAM, Al-Saraireh YM (2024) Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae. Pharmacia 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119755

Author: Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed, primary, Maaty, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed, additional, and Al-Saraireh, Yousef Mohammad, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Figure 1 from: Youssef AMM, Maaty DAM, Al-Saraireh YM (2024) Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae. Pharmacia 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119755

Author: Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed, primary, Maaty, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed, additional, and Al-Saraireh, Yousef Mohammad, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Figure 6 from: Youssef AMM, Maaty DAM, Al-Saraireh YM (2024) Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae. Pharmacia 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119755

Author: Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed, primary, Maaty, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed, additional, and Al-Saraireh, Yousef Mohammad, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae

Author: Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed, primary, Maaty, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed, additional, and Al-Saraireh, Yousef Mohammad, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Figure 7 from: Youssef AMM, Maaty DAM, Al-Saraireh YM (2024) Qualitative chemical compounds analysis and in vitro estimation of antiproliferative, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Ononis natrix (L.) family Fabaceae. Pharmacia 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119755

Author: Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed, primary, Maaty, Doaa Ahmed Mohamed, additional, and Al-Saraireh, Yousef Mohammad, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

581 results on '"Yousef Mohammad"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources