11 results on '"Younoussa, Assoumani"'
Search Results
2. Ticks are unlikely to play a role in leprosy transmission in the Comoros (East Africa) as they do not harbour M. leprae DNA
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Lena Krausser, Elien Chauvaux, Magalie Van Dyck-Lippens, Amina Yssouf, Younoussa Assoumani, Pablo Tortosa, Bouke Catherine de Jong, and Sofie Marijke Braet
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leprosy ,Mycobacterium leprae ,ticks ,transmission ,vector ,reservoir ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
IntroductionLeprosy, one of the oldest known human diseases, continues to pose a global challenge for disease control due to an incomplete understanding of its transmission pathways. Ticks have been proposed as a potential contributor in leprosy transmission due to their importance as vectors for other infectious diseases.MethodsIn 2010, a sampling of ticks residing on cattle was conducted on the islands Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli which constitute the Union of the Comoros where leprosy remains endemic. To investigate the potential role of ticks as a vector in transmission of leprosy disease, molecular analyses were conducted.ResultsOut of the 526 ticks analysed, none were found to harbour Mycobacterium leprae DNA, as determined by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting a family of dispersed repeats (RLEP) specific to M. leprae.DiscussionTherefore, our results suggest that in the Union of the Comoros, ticks are an unlikely vector for M. leprae.
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- 2023
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3. Hi-plex deep amplicon sequencing for identification, high-resolution genotyping and multidrug resistance prediction of Mycobacterium leprae directly from patient biopsies by using Deeplex Myc-LepResearch in context
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Agathe Jouet, Sofie Marijke Braet, Cyril Gaudin, Gaëlle Bisch, Sidra Vasconcellos, Rebecca Emmanuela Epaminondas Nicacio de Oliveira do Livramento, Yrneh Yadamis Prado Palacios, Amanda Brum Fontes, Norma Lucena, Patricia Rosa, Milton Moraes, Kevin La, Nelly Badalato, Esteban Lenoir, Alice Ferré, Marie Clément, Epco Hasker, Silahi Halifa Grillone, Wirdane Abdou, Aouladi Said, Younoussa Assoumani, Nissad Attoumani, Yannick Laurent, Emmanuelle Cambau, Bouke Catherine de Jong, Philip Noël Suffys, and Philip Supply
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Mycobacterium leprae ,Targeted next generation sequencing ,Antibiotic resistance ,Gene domain duplication ,Diagnostics ,Surveillance ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Expansion of antimicrobial resistance monitoring and epidemiological surveillance are key components of the WHO strategy towards zero leprosy. The inability to grow Mycobacterium leprae in vitro precludes routine phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, and only limited molecular tests are available. We evaluated a culture-free targeted deep sequencing assay, for mycobacterial identification, genotyping based on 18 canonical SNPs and 11 core variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) markers, and detection of rifampicin, dapsone and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in rpoB/ctpC/ctpI, folP1, gyrA/gyrB, respectively, and hypermutation-associated mutations in nth. Methods: The limit of detection (LOD) was determined using DNA of M. leprae reference strains and from 246 skin biopsies and 74 slit skin smears of leprosy patients, with genome copies quantified by RLEP qPCR. Sequencing results were evaluated versus whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 14 strains, and versus VNTR-fragment length analysis (FLA) results of 89 clinical specimens. Findings: The LOD for sequencing success ranged between 80 and 3000 genome copies, depending on the sample type. The LOD for minority variants was 10%. All SNPs detected in targets by WGS were identified except in a clinical sample where WGS revealed two dapsone resistance-conferring mutations instead of one by Deeplex Myc-Lep, due to partial duplication of the sulfamide-binding domain in folP1. SNPs detected uniquely by Deeplex Myc-Lep were missed by WGS due to insufficient coverage. Concordance with VNTR-FLA results was 99.4% (926/932 alleles). Interpretation: Deeplex Myc-Lep may help improve the diagnosis and surveillance of leprosy. Gene domain duplication is an original putative drug resistance-related genetic adaptation in M. leprae. Funding: EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (grant number RIA2017NIM-1847 -PEOPLE). EDCTP, R2Stop: Effect:Hope, The Mission To End Leprosy, the Flemish Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek.
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- 2023
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4. Exploring clustering of leprosy in the Comoros and Madagascar: A geospatial analysis
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Ortuño-Gutiérrez, Nimer, Mzembaba, Aboubacar, Ramboarina, Stéphanie, Andriamira, Randrianantoandro, Baco, Abdallah, Braet, Sofie, Younoussa, Assoumani, Cauchoix, Bertrand, Salim, Zahara, Amidy, Mohamed, Grillone, Saverio, Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto, Cambau, Emmanuelle, Geluk, Annemieke, de Jong, Bouke C., Richardus, Jan Hendrik, and Hasker, Epco
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- 2021
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5. Minimally invasive sampling to identify leprosy patients with a high bacterial burden in the Union of the Comoros
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Sofie Marijke Braet, Anouk van Hooij, Epco Hasker, Erik Fransen, Abdou Wirdane, Abdallah Baco, Saverio Grillone, Nimer Ortuno-Gutierrez, Younoussa Assoumani, Aboubacar Mzembaba, Paul Corstjens, Leen Rigouts, Annemieke Geluk, and Bouke Catherine de Jong
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed diagnosis of leprosy (also known as Hansen’s disease) entirely based on clinical cardinal signs, without microbiological confirmation, which may lead to late or misdiagnosis. The use of slit skin smears is variable, but lacks sensitivity. In 2017–2018 during the ComLep study, on the island of Anjouan (Union of the Comoros; High priority country according to WHO, 310 patients were diagnosed with leprosy (paucibacillary = 159; multibacillary = 151), of whom 263 were sampled for a skin biopsy and fingerstick blood, and 260 for a minimally-invasive nasal swab. In 74.5% of all skin biopsies and in 15.4% of all nasal swabs, M. leprae DNA was detected. In 63.1% of fingerstick blood samples, M. leprae specific antibodies were detected with the quantitative αPGL-I test. Results show a strong correlation of αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood and RLEP-qPCR positivity of nasal swabs, with the M. leprae bacterial load measured by RLEP-qPCR of skin biopsies. Patients with a high bacterial load (≥50,000 bacilli in a skin biopsy) can be identified with combination of counting lesions and the αPGL-I test. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compared αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood with the bacterial load determined by RLEP-qPCR in skin biopsies of leprosy patients. The demonstrated potential of minimally invasive sampling such as fingerstick blood samples to identify high bacterial load persons likely to be accountable for the ongoing transmission, merits further evaluation in follow-up studies. Author summary Leprosy is the oldest infectious disease known to humankind. We still do not succeed in curbing its transmission, with more than 200,000 new patients detected worldwide each year. Identifying persons with a high burden of bacteria is key to curb transmission. To identify these persons, bacteria are counted in invasive and painful samples like slit skin smears and skin biopsies. We evaluated whether we can use less invasive samples, like fingerstick blood or nasal swabs, to determine the bacterial load. We found that the level of antibodies against M. leprae (αPGL-I IgM) in fingerstick blood correlates well with the bacterial load determined in skin biopsies from the same leprosy patient. Therefore, a high level of antibodies against M. leprae in fingerstick blood might identify persons who pose a potential risk for transmission of leprosy and could be prioritized for contact screening, which is essential for control of the disease.
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- 2021
6. Investigating drug resistance of Mycobacterium leprae in the Comoros: an observational deep-sequencing study
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Sofie Marijke Braet, Agathe Jouet, Alexandra Aubry, Magalie Van Dyck-Lippens, Esteban Lenoir, Younoussa Assoumani, Abdallah Baco, Aboubacar Mzembaba, Emmanuelle Cambau, Sidra Ezidio Gonçalves Vasconcellos, Leen Rigouts, Philip Noel Suffys, Epco Hasker, Philip Supply, Bouke Catherine de Jong, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Genoscreen [Lille], Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance aux Antituberculeux [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (CNR-MyRMA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Damien Foundation, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Lille, Supply, Philip, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
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Microbiology (medical) ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Leprostatic Agents ,[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Microbiology ,Comoros ,Mycobacterium leprae ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Leprosy ,Virology ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Humans ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Human medicine ,Rifampin ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Dapsone ,Biology - Abstract
Despite strong leprosy control measures, including effective treatment, leprosy persists in the Comoros. As of May, 2022, no resistance to anti-leprosy drugs had been reported, but there are no nationally representative data. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with rifampicin is offered to contacts of patients with leprosy. We aimed to conduct a countrywide drug resistance survey and investigate whether PEP led to the emergence of drug resistance in patients with leprosy.In this observational, deep-sequencing analysis we assessed Mycobacterium leprae genomes from skin biopsies of patients in Anjouan and Mohéli, Comoros, collected as part of the ComLep (NCT03526718) and PEOPLE (NCT03662022) studies. Skin biopsies that had sufficient M leprae DNA (2000 bacilli in 2 μl of DNA extract) were assessed for the presence of seven drug resistance-associated genes (ie, rpoB, ctpC, ctpI, folP1, gyrA, gyrB, and nth) using Deeplex Myc-Lep (targeted next generation deep sequencing), with a limit of detection of 10% for minority M leprae bacterial populations bearing a polymorphism in these genes. All newly registered patients with leprosy for whom written informed consent was obtained were eligible for inclusion in the survey. Patients younger than 2 years or with a single lesion on the face did not have biopsies taken. The primary outcome of our study was the proportion of patients with leprosy (ie, new cases, patients with relapses or reinfections, patients who received single (double) dose rifampicin-PEP, or patients who lived in villages where PEP was distributed) who were infected with M leprae with a drug-resistant mutation for rifampicin, fluoroquinolone, or dapsone in the Comoros.Between July 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2020, 1199 patients with leprosy were identified on the basis of clinical criteria, of whom 1030 provided a skin biopsy. Of these 1030 patients, 755 (73·3%) tested positive for the M leprae-specific repetitive element-quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Of these 755 patients, 260 (34·4%) were eligible to be analysed using Deeplex Myc-Lep. 251 (96·5%) were newly diagnosed with leprosy, whereas nine (3·4%) patients had previously received multidrug therapy. 45 (17·3%) patients resided in villages where PEP had been administered in 2015 or 2019, two (4·4%) of whom received PEP. All seven drug resistance-associated targets were successfully sequenced in 216 samples, 39 samples had incomplete results, and five had no results. No mutations were detected in any of the seven drug resistance-related genes for any patient with successfully sequenced results.This drug resistance survey provides evidence to show that M leprae is fully susceptible to rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, and dapsone in the Comoros. Our results also show, for the first time, the applicability of targeted sequencing directly on skin biopsies from patients with either paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. These data suggest that PEP had not selected rifampicin-resistant strains, although further support for this finding should be confirmed with a larger sample size.Effect:Hope, The Mission To End Leprosy, the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, the EU.
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- 2022
7. Protocol, rationale and design of PEOPLE (Post ExpOsure Prophylaxis for LEprosy in the Comoros and Madagascar): a cluster randomized trial on effectiveness of different modalities of implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis of leprosy contacts
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Ortuno-Gutierrez, Nimer, Younoussa, Assoumani, Randrianantoandro, Andriamira, Braet, Sofie, Cauchoix, Bertrand, Ramboarina, Stéphanie, Baco, Abdallah, Mzembaba, Aboubacar, Salim, Zahara, Amidy, Mohamed, Grillone, Saverio, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, de Jong, Bouke C., and Hasker, Epco
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- 2019
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8. Clustering of leprosy beyond the household level in a highly endemic setting on the Comoros, an observational study
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Ortuno-Gutierrez, Nimer, Baco, Abdallah, Braet, Sofie, Younoussa, Assoumani, Mzembaba, Aboubacar, Salim, Zahara, Amidy, Mohamed, Grillone, Saverio, de Jong, Bouke C., Richardus, Jan Hendrik, and Hasker, Epco
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- 2019
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9. High yield of retrospective active case finding for leprosy in Comoros
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Ortuño-Gutiérrez, Nimer, primary, Mzembaba, Aboubacar, additional, Baco, Abdallah, additional, Braet, Sofie M., additional, Younoussa, Assoumani, additional, Salim, Zahara, additional, Amidy, Mohamed, additional, Grillone, Saverio, additional, Said, Aouladi, additional, de Jong, Bouke C., additional, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, additional, and Hasker, Epco, additional
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- 2022
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10. Minimally invasive sampling to identify leprosy patients with a high bacterial burden in the Union of the Comoros
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Erik Fransen, Abdou Wirdane, Bouke C. de Jong, Sofie Marijke Braet, Abdallah Baco, Anouk van Hooij, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Epco Hasker, Leen Rigouts, Saverio Grillone, Annemieke Geluk, Nimer Ortuno-Gutierrez, Younoussa Assoumani, and Aboubacar Mzembaba
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Male ,Bacterial Diseases ,Physiology ,Epidemiology ,Biopsy ,RC955-962 ,Comoros ,Disability Evaluation ,Medical Conditions ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Sampling (medicine) ,Child ,Mycobacterium leprae ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Statistics ,Mycobacterium Leprae ,Body Fluids ,Actinobacteria ,Blood ,Infectious Diseases ,Nasal Swab ,Physical Sciences ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Leprosy ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,DNA, Bacterial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Infectious Disease Control ,Fingerstick ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Linear Regression Analysis ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Signs and Symptoms ,medicine ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Medical Risk Factors ,Skin biopsy ,Lesions ,Human medicine ,Clinical Medicine ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed diagnosis of leprosy (also known as Hansen’s disease) entirely based on clinical cardinal signs, without microbiological confirmation, which may lead to late or misdiagnosis. The use of slit skin smears is variable, but lacks sensitivity. In 2017–2018 during the ComLep study, on the island of Anjouan (Union of the Comoros; High priority country according to WHO, 310 patients were diagnosed with leprosy (paucibacillary = 159; multibacillary = 151), of whom 263 were sampled for a skin biopsy and fingerstick blood, and 260 for a minimally-invasive nasal swab. In 74.5% of all skin biopsies and in 15.4% of all nasal swabs, M. leprae DNA was detected. In 63.1% of fingerstick blood samples, M. leprae specific antibodies were detected with the quantitative αPGL-I test. Results show a strong correlation of αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood and RLEP-qPCR positivity of nasal swabs, with the M. leprae bacterial load measured by RLEP-qPCR of skin biopsies. Patients with a high bacterial load (≥50,000 bacilli in a skin biopsy) can be identified with combination of counting lesions and the αPGL-I test. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compared αPGL-I IgM levels in fingerstick blood with the bacterial load determined by RLEP-qPCR in skin biopsies of leprosy patients. The demonstrated potential of minimally invasive sampling such as fingerstick blood samples to identify high bacterial load persons likely to be accountable for the ongoing transmission, merits further evaluation in follow-up studies., Author summary Leprosy is the oldest infectious disease known to humankind. We still do not succeed in curbing its transmission, with more than 200,000 new patients detected worldwide each year. Identifying persons with a high burden of bacteria is key to curb transmission. To identify these persons, bacteria are counted in invasive and painful samples like slit skin smears and skin biopsies. We evaluated whether we can use less invasive samples, like fingerstick blood or nasal swabs, to determine the bacterial load. We found that the level of antibodies against M. leprae (αPGL-I IgM) in fingerstick blood correlates well with the bacterial load determined in skin biopsies from the same leprosy patient. Therefore, a high level of antibodies against M. leprae in fingerstick blood might identify persons who pose a potential risk for transmission of leprosy and could be prioritized for contact screening, which is essential for control of the disease.
- Published
- 2021
11. Leprosy on Anjouan (Comoros): persistent hyper-endemicity despite decades of solid control efforts
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Hasker, Epco, primary, Baco, Abdallah, primary, Younoussa, Assoumani, primary, Mzembaba, Aboubacar, primary, Grillone, Saverio, primary, Demeulenaere, Tine, primary, Groenen, Guido, primary, Suffys, Philip, primary, and DE Jong, Bouke C., primary
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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