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Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the association between the childbirth experience and life satisfaction among women with disabilities and estimate the moderating effect of family strengths and social support.Methods: The target sample included disabled married women aged 20-49 years. We used the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel 2018. The total number of participants was 220. Three groups were defined based on the childbirth experience: women who had never given birth (13.6%), those who gave birth before the onset of disability (73.2%), and those who gave birth after the onset of disability (13.2%). We identified differences in general characteristics, family strengths, social support, and life satisfaction across the 3 groups and examined the moderating effect of family strengths and social support for the childbirth experience and life satisfaction.Results: Women who gave birth after the onset of disability were in better health, exhibiting longer disability retention periods. The multiple regression analysis revealed that among women who gave birth after the onset of disability, life satisfaction was significantly higher than that of women without the childbirth experience because of the moderating effect of family strengths. However, social support had no significant effect on the childbirth experience and life satisfaction.Conclusion: We empirically analyzed the status of childbirth before and after the onset of disability using representative survey data. The findings indicate a positive moderating effect of family strengths on the level of life satisfaction among women with disabilities.

In the present study, the vitamin D content of frequently-consumed Korean foods were evaluated to update the National Standard Food Composition Table (NSFCT) that is published by the Korean Rural Development Administration. Total 181 types of frequently-consumed foods including cereals, beans, vegetables, meat and, fish products, drinks, condiments, and mushrooms were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The standard materials, BCR-122 and SRM 3235, exhibited recovery rates of 98.40% and 104.17%, respectively. All the analyses were performed under the control line based on the quality control chart for vitamin D2 and D3. Among the analysis of 181 species, vitamin D was detected only in 16 species including mushrooms (Vit D2), eggs and fish products (Vit D3). The vitamin D2 content of mushroom ranged from 0 to 147.96 μg/100 g, with naturally dried Sparassis crispa exhibiting the highest vitamin D2 content. In mushroom of Sparassis crispa, Lentinula edoles, Pleurotus eryngii, and Agaricus bisporus the natural drying showed the superior to vitamin D content compared to those of device drying. However, raw mushrooms except for Auricularia auricula-judae did not contain vitamin D2. The vitamin D3 content of eggs and fish products ranged from 0 to 8.90 μg/100 g (solids part in canned salmon). However, vitamin D was not detected in a majority of the frequently-consumed foods under analysis, such as cereals, beans, vegetables, nut and seeds, ginseng, fruits and seaweed, most fish products and animal foods.

Recently, miniaturized electrochemical energy storage units have gained tremendous attention in the fields of microelectronic electronics systems, with the advent of the era of “internet of things”. Shape configurable energy storage devices can be implemented on arbitrarily designable electronics system through 3D printing on the designated surfaces of device systems. In this study, we have developed a methodology of fabricating an all-3D-printed solid-state energy storage device by sequentially printing 3D-printable highly viscous fluids for metallic current collector, electrode and electrolyte layers. The Ni metallic current collector that can be operated stably at a high voltage condition of 3 V, is formed by a combinatorial approach of using 3D printing and 3D laser sintering processes. An intact physical interaction is interpreted comprehensively for the particles residing inside the printed particulate layer and the photons irradiated from a green laser source, based on an in-depth comparative investigation of experimental data and electromagnetic simulation result. A graphene nanoplatelet-based electrode fluid and an ionic liquid-based UV curable electrolyte fluid are printed successively on top of 3D-structured current collectors. It is demonstrated that the all-3D-printed microsupercapacitor device delivers the energy density and power density of 25.4 to 8.5 μWh•cm−2 and 150 to 6,483 μW•cm−2, respectively, even approaching the state-of-the-art level for flat-type conventional devices.

This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in muscle pH24 h and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05); however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p0.05). This difference in tenderness attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area (0.37 vs. 0.50 mm2, p

This study aimed to investigate the influence of Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Adenophora triphylla (AT), and Ulmus pumila (UP) extracts on the quality traits, palatability, and storage stability of sous-vide (SV) cooked chicken breasts. Chicken breasts were marinated in AM, AT, or UP extracts for 1 h, and then consistently cooked at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 h. SV cooked chicken breasts with the UP extract exhibited lower lightness and higher yellowness values on the surface region compared to those with the AM and AT extracts (p 0.05), although the UP group had lower color acceptability (p 0.05). Owing to these results regarding overall sensory acceptability, samples from the UP group were more preferred by the trained panelists compared to samples from the control group (p

In avian species, positive relationships between egg weight (EW) and body weight (BW) have been reported. However, the correlation between the body growth rate and different weights of eggs from genetically mutated avian species was not studied yet. Myostatin (Mstn), an anti-myogenic factor, mutant quail were recently developed, and it was reported that EW produced from Mstn homozygous mutant quail (HO) was heavier compared to those from wild-type quail (WT). In the current study, distributions of pre-incubated EW and associations between EW and BW were compared between the Mstn mutant and WT quail lines. Average egg weight for the HO group was significantly heavier than the WT (P0.001) and the number of eggs having heavier EW (over 11 g) was higher in the HO compared to the WT (P0.01). BWs at wk (W) 0, 4, and 6 after hatch were also significantly greater in the HO (P0.001 in all groups). In addition, linear regression analyses revealed positive relationships between EW and BW from W0 to W6, regardless of sexes and genotypes. Furthermore, Mstn mutant quail were a heavier BW compared to the WT quail originated from eggs with similar weights. These data indicate that increased BW by Mstn mutation is contributed by increased EW and/or growth promoting activity of Mstn mutation independent of increasing egg sizes. These findings provide Mstn as a desirable genetic factor for selection of poultry breeds with superior growth. In addition, the knowledge gained from this study could inspire similar proof-of-concept studies involving standard and commercial lines of poultry.

Background Both anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the clinical role of these serological biomarkers in pediatric IBD has been poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility and phenotypic correlation of serological biomarkers in pediatric IBD. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all pediatric subjects diagnosed with IBD between March 2004 and July 2021. Pediatric patients were recruited and classified as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD unclassified (IBD-U) based on the revised Porto criteria. The Paris classification was used to evaluate disease phenotypes. Laboratory markers including fecal calprotectin were also evaluated. Serum levels of ASCA IgG and IgA, anti-proteinase-3 with cytoplasmic ANCA (PR3-ANCA), and anti-myeloperoxidase with perinuclear ANCA (MPO-ANCA) using ELISA, and serum ANCA titer using immunofluorescent test were measured. Results In all, 229 pediatric patients with IBD (CD: 147, UC: 53, IBD-U: 29) were included. The ASCA IgG seropositivity was significantly different among the three groups (CD: 75.4%, UC: 17.5%, and IBD-U: 60.0%; p p p p p vs. P0 29.4 U/mL, p = 0.001), while showing no differences in age, disease location, and behavior. Using optimal cutoffs determined by ROC analysis, serum IgG and IgA ASCAs showed 68.0% and 63.1% sensitivity, and 67.7% and 64.6% specificity, respectively, in distinguishing CD. Conclusions Serological biomarkers of ASCAs IgG and IgA, pANCA, and PR3-ANCA may be effective in the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of disease phenotypes in an Asian pediatric IBD cohort.

This study compared the quality, cooking, textural, and palatability characteristics between sous-vide (SV) cooked pork loin patties with different searing treatments (ST). Before SV cooking, STs were conducted on each side of the pork loin patties for 0 (control) to 120 s (ST120), and all patties were then cooked using an SV cooker at 75°C for 120 min. Noticeable differences were observed in quality properties between the groups. The seared SV loin patties exhibited lower lightness and higher browning index values compared to the unseared SV loin patties (p

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 and L. fermentum MF27 on biochemical indices in the serum, cholesterol metabolism in the liver and mucin expression in the gallbladder in lithogenic diet (LD)-induced C57BL/6J mice to determine the preventive effects of lactobacilli on gallstone formation. By the end of 4 wk of the experimental period, mice fed on a LD with high-fat and high-cholesterol exhibited higher levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum compared to mice fed on control diet or LD with L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 (LD+P1; p

OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in glycaemic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. PATIENTS Women with PCOS who underwent baseline and follow-up screening tests for diabetes (n = 262). Four patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at baseline and 6 patients who were taking drugs at the final follow-up were excluded. MEASUREMENTS Changes in glycaemic classification based on fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c and oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS The median length of follow-up was 2.9 years. The mean age and body mass index in the normoglycaemia group (n = 202) were 23.0 years and 21.6 kg/m2 , while it was 23.6 years and 22.9 kg/m2 in the prediabetes group (n = 50). In the normoglycaemia group, 38 (18.8%) and 2 (1.0%) developed prediabetes and T2DM, respectively. In the prediabetes group, 22 (44.0%) remained in the same category, 6 (12.0%) developed T2DM, while 22 (44.0%) achieved normoglycaemia. The incidence rate of T2DM was 9.3 per 1,000 person-years, which was significantly higher than that of the female population of similar age, and the incidence was higher in women with fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L at baseline than in women with

This study investigated the correlations between apoptosis-related blood biochemical parameters measured at exsanguination and the meat and sensory quality characteristics of broiler pectoralis major muscle. The concentration of serotonin showed a positive correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (

Trp8Arg polymorphism of the LH beta gene has decreased bioactivity in vivo and previous studies showed conflicting data on the effect of LH beta gene polymorphism on the IVF outcome. In this study,...

High-performance stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (STENGs) based on hierarchical auxetic films consisting of polyurethane (PU) foam and Ag electrode layers were fabricated. The high conform...

The aim of this study was to analyze the relative importance of bone age and chronological age in physique according to gender and to identify the relative importance of bone age, chronological age, and physique in physical fitness and motor coordination according to gender in order to alleviate the imbalance between physique and physical fitness in children. A total of 666 children(346 males, 320 females) between the ages of 11-14 were enrolled as subjects, and the skeletal maturation, which is proven and used most often as indicators of biological maturation, were measured in order to calculate the bone age. The skeletal maturation were measured by taking hand-wrist radiographs of children and were calculated in order to reflect bone maturities of each part by calculating the bone age using the TW3 method, which determines skeletal maturation. The calculation method of chronological age was done by dividing 12 months into 10 points, giving scores ranging from 0 points in December to 0.91 points in January, starting with the month of the child"s birth. A stadiometer and InBody 270(Biospace, Korea) were used to measure 8 components in physique. Physical fitness were measured through a total of 4 components: muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance; and motor coordination were measured through a total of 3 components: balance, agility, power. The data processing was performed using SPSS 25.0 with descriptive statistics, stepwise regression, and it was considered significant at the level of P< 0.05. The results of this study may be summarized as follows. First, physique variables for both males and females aged 11-14 were found to be more significant predictors of bone age than chronological age. Second, for physical fitness in males, in the order of %fat, body water, waist-hip ratio, weight, fat-free mass, and chronological age were more significant predictor variables; and in females, in the order of %fat, fat-free mass, height, chronological age, weight, bone age, fat mass, and body water were more significant predictor variables. For bone age and chronological age in physical fitness, bone age in males and chronological age in females found to be the more representative variables respectively.

본 연구에서는 다양한 식품군에서 비타민 B₁ 및 B₃의 동시 분석을 위해 여러 가지 추출법을 적용하여 그 함량을 비교하였다. 효소 처리, 온도, 추출방법을 달리하여 8가지 추출법으로 실험을 진행한 결과, 육류인 소고기 양지와 두류인 팥에서 비타민 B₁의 함량이 40℃ 초음파 추출을 하였을 때 효소 처리를 하지 않은 경우보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나, 채소류인 표고버섯의 경우 효소 처리에 의한 함량 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 효소 처리를 병행한 40℃ 초음파 추출법에 대하여 비타민 B₁ 및 B₃의 분석을 검증한 결과, 특이성이 우수하였고 정밀성과 정확성은 AOAC 가이드라인 범위에 충족되었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 비타민 B₁ 및 B₃ 분석에 대한 LOD 및 LOQ는 비타민 B₁이 각각 0.472 ㎎/㎏과 0.633 ㎎/㎏, nicotinic acid는 0.541 ㎎/㎏과 0.927 ㎎/㎏, nicotinamide는 0.139 ㎎/㎏과 0.365 ㎎/㎏으로 높은 감도를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 식품군에 효소 처리를 병행한 40℃ 초음파 추출을 실시하여 비타민 B₁ 및 B₃ 함량을 비교･분석하였으며, 비타민 B₁은 육류 중 한우 양지, 앞다릿살 및 우둔, 곡류 및 두류 중 팥과 현미에서 효소 처리에 의한 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 또한 비타민 B₃의 함량은 효소 처리에 의한 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 채소류 및 과일류의 모든 시료는 비타민 B₁ 및 B₃ 함량이 효소 처리에 의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고단백 및 고전분 식품의 비타민 B₁ 함량 분석을 위한 효소 처리의 필요성을 알 수 있었고, 더욱 정확한 수용성 비타민의 함량 분석을 위해서는 다양한 매트릭스의 식품에 대한 추출법 개선 연구가 이뤄져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of the newly recommended antral follicle count (AFC) cutoff for polycystic ovary (PCO) on the diagnostic status of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Among patients with phenotypes requiring the presence of PCO for diagnosis, approximately half (48.2%) were excluded from having PCOS based on the new AFC cutoff, although these excluded women had worse metabolic and hormonal profiles than the controls and were indistinguishable from the remaining patients with regard to major hormonal and metabolic parameters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In the Rotterdam criteria, PCO is defined as either 12 or more follicles measuring 2–9 mm in diameter or an increased ovarian volume >10 cm3. Recently, an international PCOS guideline development group recommended an AFC threshold for PCO of ≥20 in adult women when using transducers with a high-resolution frequency, including 8 MHz. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The current study used a case control design. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Ultrasonography examinations were conducted with wide band frequency (5–9 MHz) transvaginal transducers and the centre frequency was 8 MHz. In patients who show both irregular menstruation and hyperandrogenism (HA), a diagnosis of PCOS can be made irrespective of the ovarian criteria change. Patients who were diagnosed according to HA and PCO (n = 86) or irregular menstruation and PCO (n = 443) were initially included among a total of 1390 adult women with PCOS (aged 20–40 years). Regardless of the AFC, if the ovarian volume is ≥10 cm3, a diagnosis of PCO can still be made. Thus, only patients who had an ovarian volume of MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among patients with irregular menstruation and PCO or HA and PCO phenotypes, approximately half (48.2%, 255/529) were excluded from having PCOS, which corresponded to one-fifth (18.3%, 255/1390) of the total adult patients. However, compared to the control group, these excluded women had worse metabolic profiles and were more androgenised. Notably, they were indistinguishable from the ‘high AFC group’ with regard to major hormonal and metabolic parameters (BMI and diabetic classification status, and the prevalence of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and HA). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We cannot exclude the possibility of inter- and intraobserver variation in the evaluation of AFC. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS With the newly recommended follicle count cutoff, a substantial proportion of women with PCOS might be classified as not having PCOS despite visiting a hospital due to irregular menstruation or hyperandrogenic symptoms. A practical approach to them would involve controlling the menstrual or hyperandrogenic symptoms in hand and regularly evaluating them regarding newly developed or worsening PCOS-related symptoms or metabolic abnormalities. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by a grant from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund (No. 2520140090), Republic of Korea. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.

A hierarchical-patterned stretchable conductor with multidirectional stretchability and stable conductivity under high stretching is fabricated by incorporating silver (Ag) flakes into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. Highly conductive composite films with an optimal structure exhibit both superior conductivity (7600 S cm−1) and stable electrical resistance (ΔR/R0 < 0.2) up to 50% biaxial strain.