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1. Efficient six-dimensional phase space reconstructions from experimental measurements using generative machine learning

Author: Ryan Roussel, Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera, Eric Wisniewski, Alexander Ody, Wanming Liu, John Power, Young-Kee Kim, and Auralee Edelen
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Next-generation accelerator concepts, which hinge on the precise shaping of beam distributions, demand equally precise diagnostic methods capable of reconstructing beam distributions within six-dimensional position-momentum spaces. However, the characterization of intricate features within six-dimensional beam distributions using current diagnostic techniques necessitates a substantial number of measurements, using many hours of valuable beam time. Novel phase space reconstruction techniques are needed to reduce the number of measurements required to reconstruct detailed, high-dimensional beam features in order to resolve complex beam phenomena and as a feedback in precision beam shaping applications. In this study, we present a novel approach to reconstructing detailed six-dimensional phase space distributions from experimental measurements using generative machine learning and differentiable beam dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to resolve six-dimensional phase space distributions from scratch, using basic beam manipulations and as few as 20 two-dimensional measurements of the beam profile. We also demonstrate an application of the reconstruction method in an experimental setting at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator, where it is able to reconstruct the beam distribution and accurately predict previously unseen measurements 75× faster than previous methods.
Published: 2024
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2. Four-dimensional phase-space reconstruction of flat and magnetized beams using neural networks and differentiable simulations

Author: Seongyeol Kim, Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera, Philippe Piot, Gongxiaohui Chen, Scott Doran, Young-Kee Kim, Wanming Liu, Charles Whiteford, Eric Wisniewski, Auralee Edelen, Ryan Roussel, and John Power
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Beams with cross-plane coupling or extreme asymmetries between the two transverse phase spaces are often encountered in particle accelerators. Flat beams with large transverse-emittance ratios are critical for future linear colliders. Similarly, magnetized beams with significant cross-plane coupling are expected to enhance the performance of electron cooling in hadron beams. Preparing these beams requires precise control and characterization of the four-dimensional transverse phase space. In this study, we employ generative phase-space reconstruction techniques to rapidly characterize magnetized and flat-beam phase-space distributions using a conventional quadrupole-scan method. The reconstruction technique is experimentally demonstrated on an electron beam produced at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator and successfully benchmarked against conventional diagnostics techniques. Specifically, we show that predicted beam parameters from the reconstructed phase-space distributions (e.g., as magnetization and flat-beam emittances) are in excellent agreement with those measured from the conventional diagnostic methods.
Published: 2024
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3. Optimization of the Bacteriophage Cocktail for the Prevention of Brown Blotch Disease Caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii

Author: Yeong-Bae Yun, Yurry Um, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: bacteriophage, mushroom blotch disease, phage therapy, pseudomonas tolaasii, tolaasin, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Brown blotch disease, caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, is one of the most serious diseases in mushroom cultivation, and its control remains an important issue. This study isolated and evaluated pathogen-specific bacteriophages for the biological control of the disease. In previous studies, 23 varieties of P. tolaasii were isolated from infected mushrooms with disease symptoms and classified into three subtypes, Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis and pathogenic characters. In this study, 42 virulent bacteriophages were isolated against these pathogens and tested for their host range. Some phages could lyse more than two pathogens only within the corresponding subtype, and no phage exhibited a wide host range across different pathogen subtypes. To eliminate all pathogens of the Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ subtype, corresponding phages of one, six, and one strains were required, respectively. These phages were able to suppress the disease completely, as confirmed by the field-scale on-farm cultivation experiments. These results suggested that a cocktail of these eight phages is sufficient to control the disease induced by all 23 P. tolaasii pathogens. Additionally, the antibacterial effect of this phage cocktail persisted in the second cycle of mushroom growth on the cultivation bed.
Published: 2022
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4. Kernel Density Estimators for Axisymmetric Particle Beams

Author: Christopher M. Pierce and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: kernel density estimator, axisymmetric particle beam, space charge, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Bright beams are commonly represented by sampled data in the numerical algorithms used to simulate their properties. However, in these calculations and the analyses of their outputs, the beam’s density is sometimes required and must be calculated from the samples. Axisymmetric beams, which possess a rotational symmetry and are naturally expressed in polar coordinates, pose a particular challenge to density estimators. The area element in polar coordinates shrinks as the radius becomes small, and weighting the samples to account for their reduced frequency may cause unwelcome artifacts. In this work, we derive analytical expressions for two kernel density estimators, which solve these problems in the spatial coordinates and in the transverse phase space. We show how the kernels can be found by averaging the Gaussian kernel in Cartesian coordinates over the polar angle and demonstrate their use on test problems. These results show that particle beam symmetries can be taken advantage of in density estimation while avoiding artifacts.
Published: 2023
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5. Turn-key constrained parameter space exploration for particle accelerators using Bayesian active learning

Author: Ryan Roussel, Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera, Young-Kee Kim, Eric Wisniewski, Wanming Liu, Philippe Piot, John Power, Adi Hanuka, and Auralee Edelen
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Characterizing an unknown, complex system, like an accelerator, in multi-dimensional space is a challenging task. Here the authors report a Bayesian active learning method - Constrained Proximal Bayesian Exploration - for the characterization of a complex, constrained measurement as a function of multiple free parameters.
Published: 2021
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6. Inhibition of Tolaasin Cytotoxicity Causing Brown Blotch Disease in Cultivated Mushrooms Using Tolaasin Inhibitory Factors

Author: Yeong-Bae Yun, Kwang-Hyun Cho, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: artificial lipid bilayer, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), pore-forming peptide toxin, Pseudomonas tolaasii, tolaasin, Medicine
Abstract: Tolaasin, a pore-forming bacterial peptide toxin secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii, causes brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms by forming membrane pores and collapsing the membrane structures. Tolaasin is a lipodepsipeptide, MW 1985, and pore formation by tolaasin molecules is accomplished by hydrophobic interactions and multimerizations. Compounds that inhibit tolaasin toxicity have been isolated from various food additives. Food detergents, sucrose esters of fatty acids, and polyglycerol esters of fatty acids can effectively inhibit tolaasin cytotoxicity. These chemicals, named tolaasin-inhibitory factors (TIF), were effective at concentrations ranging from 10−4 to 10−5 M. The most effective compound, TIF 16, inhibited tolaasin-induced hemolysis independent of temperature and pH, while tolaasin toxicity increased at higher temperatures. When TIF 16 was added to tolaasin-pretreated erythrocytes, the cytotoxic activity of tolaasin immediately stopped, and no further hemolysis was observed. In the artificial lipid bilayer, the single-channel activity of the tolaasin channel was completely and irreversibly blocked by TIF 16. When TIF 16 was sprayed onto pathogen-treated oyster mushrooms growing on the shelves of cultivation houses, the development of disease was completely suppressed, and normal growth of oyster mushrooms was observed. Furthermore, the treatment with TIF 16 did not show any adverse effect on the growth of oyster mushrooms. These results indicate that TIF 16 is a good candidate for the biochemical control of brown blotch disease.
Published: 2023
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7. Three complete plastome sequences from the families of Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, and Phrymaceae (Lamiales)

Author: Sangjin Jo, Hoe-Won Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, Min-Jung Joo, Ja-Ram Hong, Myounghai Kwak, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, lamiales, vitex rotundifolia, phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica, mazus pumilus, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we report the first complete plastome sequence of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) (MT937186). In addition, the plastome sequences of Phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica (Phrymaceae) (153,324 bp; MT948145) and Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) (152,847 bp; MT937187) are also included. The gene orders and structures of the three plastomes are collinear with those of the typical plastome of angiosperm. The plastome size of V. rotundifolia is 154,370 bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 85,079 bp and a small single-copy region of 17,917 bp, which are separated by a pair of 25,687 bp-long inverted repeat regions. In addition, the plastome sizes of P. leptostachya subsp. asiatica and M. pumilus are 153,324 bp and 152,847 bp, respectively. The three plastomes contain 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 41 simple sequence repeat loci was identified in the V. rotundifolia plastome. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Viticoideae is a sister group of the last of Lamiaceae except Nepetoideae. The Mazaceae are a sister group of Lamiaceae, while Phrymaceae form a sister group to the Paulowniaceae-Orobanchaceae clade.
Published: 2021
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8. The complete plastome sequence from the family Malpighiaceae, Bunchosia argentea (Jacq.) DC

Author: Sangjin Jo, Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, tropical fruit, malpighiales, malpighiaceae, bunchosia argentea, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Bunchosia argentea (Jacq.) DC. (Malpighiaceae) (NCBI acc. no. MK390344). The gene order and the structure of the B. argentea plastome are collinear with those of the typical plastomes of land plants. The complete plastome size is 158,741 bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 88,345 bp and a small single-copy region of 16,816 bp, which are separated by a pair of 26,790 bp-long inverted repeat regions. The overall A-T content of the plastome sequence is 63.5%. The plastome contains 110 genes, of which 76 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. The rpl32 was lost and two genes (infA and rps7) were pseudogenized. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 87 simple sequence repeat loci were identified within the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. argentea and two Byrsonima species formed a clade with 100% bootstrap support.
Published: 2019
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9. Corrigendum: Plastome Evolution and Phylogeny of Orchidaceae, With 24 New Sequences

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Sangjin Jo, Se-Hwan Cheon, Min-Jung Joo, Ja-Ram Hong, Myounghai Kwak, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: Orchidaceae, plastome evolution, gene loss, IR contraction/expansion, genome rearrangement, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Published: 2020
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10. Plastome Evolution and Phylogeny of Orchidaceae, With 24 New Sequences

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Sangjin Jo, Se-Hwan Cheon, Min-Jung Joo, Ja-Ram Hong, Myounghai Kwak, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: Orchidaceae, plastome evolution, gene loss, IR contraction/expansion, genome rearrangement, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: In order to understand the evolution of the orchid plastome, we annotated and compared 124 complete plastomes of Orchidaceae representing all the major lineages in their structures, gene contents, gene rearrangements, and IR contractions/expansions. Forty-two of these plastomes were generated from the corresponding author's laboratory, and 24 plastomes—including nine genera (Amitostigma, Bulbophyllum, Dactylorhiza, Dipodium, Galearis, Gymnadenia, Hetaeria, Oreorchis, and Sedirea)—are new in this study. All orchid plastomes, except Aphyllorchis montana, Epipogium aphyllum, and Gastrodia elata, have a quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy (LSC), two inverted repeats (IRs), and a small single copy (SSC) region. The IR region was completely lost in the A. montana and G. elata plastomes. The SSC is lost in the E. aphyllum plastome. The smallest plastome size was 19,047 bp, in E. roseum, and the largest plastome size was 178,131 bp, in Cypripedium formosanum. The small plastome sizes are primarily the result of gene losses associated with mycoheterotrophic habitats, while the large plastome sizes are due to the expansion of noncoding regions. The minimal number of common genes among orchid plastomes to maintain minimal plastome activity was 15, including the three subunits of rpl (14, 16, and 36), seven subunits of rps (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 14), three subunits of rrn (5, 16, and 23), trnC-GCA, and clpP genes. Three stages of gene loss were observed among the orchid plastomes. The first was ndh gene loss, which is widespread in Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, and Epidendroideae, but rare in the Orchidoideae. The second stage was the loss of photosynthetic genes (atp, pet, psa, and psb) and rpo gene subunits, which are restricted to Aphyllorchis, Hetaeria, Hexalectris, and some species of Corallorhiza and Neottia. The third stage was gene loss related to prokaryotic gene expression (rpl, rps, trn, and others), which was observed in Epipogium, Gastrodia, Lecanorchis, and Rhizanthella. In addition, an intermediate stage between the second and third stage was observed in Cyrtosia (Vanilloideae). The majority of intron losses are associated with the loss of their corresponding genes. In some orchid taxa, however, introns have been lost in rpl16, rps16, and clpP(2) without their corresponding gene being lost. A total of 104 gene rearrangements were counted when comparing 116 orchid plastomes. Among them, many were concentrated near the IRa/b-SSC junction area. The plastome phylogeny of 124 orchid species confirmed the relationship of {Apostasioideae [Vanilloideae (Cypripedioideae (Orchidoideae, Epidendroideae))]} at the subfamily level and the phylogenetic relationships of 17 tribes were also established. Molecular clock analysis based on the whole plastome sequences suggested that Orchidaceae diverged from its sister family 99.2 mya, and the estimated divergence times of five subfamilies are as follows: Apostasioideae (79.91 mya), Vanilloideae (69.84 mya), Cypripedioideae (64.97 mya), Orchidoideae (59.16 mya), and Epidendroideae (59.16 mya). We also released the first nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA unit (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S-NTS-ETS) sequences for the 42 species of Orchidaceae. Finally, the phylogenetic tree based on the nrDNA unit sequences is compared to the tree based on the 42 identical plastome sequences, and the differences between the two datasets are discussed in this paper.
Published: 2020
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11. The Chloroplast Phylogenomics and Systematics of Zoysia (Poaceae)

Author: Se-Hwan Cheon, Min-Ah Woo, Sangjin Jo, Young-Kee Kim, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome evolution, Zoysia, small inversion, rpl3-trnL-UAG spacer, simple sequence repeats, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: The genus Zoysia Willd. (Chloridoideae) is widely distributed from the temperate regions of Northeast Asia—including China, Japan, and Korea—to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Among these, four species—Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia sinica Hance, Zoysia tenuifolia Thiele, and Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav.—are naturally distributed in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we report the complete plastome sequences of these Korean Zoysia species (NCBI acc. nos. MF953592, MF967579~MF967581). The length of Zoysia plastomes ranges from 135,854 to 135,904 bp, and the plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, which consists of a pair of inverted repeat regions (20,962~20,966 bp) separated by a large (81,348~81,392 bp) and a small (12,582~12,586 bp) single-copy region. In terms of gene order and structure, Zoysia plastomes are similar to the typical plastomes of Poaceae. The plastomes encode 110 genes, of which 76 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contain single introns and one gene has two introns. Three evolutionary hotspot spacer regions—atpB~rbcL, rps16~rps3, and rpl32~trnL-UAG—were recognized among six analyzed Zoysia species. The high divergences in the atpB~rbcL spacer and rpl16~rpl3 region are primarily due to the differences in base substitutions and indels. In contrast, the high divergence between rpl32~trnL-UAG spacers is due to a small inversion with a pair of 22 bp stem and an 11 bp loop. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 59 different locations in Z. japonica, 63 in Z. sinica, 62 in Z. macrostachya, and 63 in Z. tenuifolia plastomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Zoysia (Zoysiinae) forms a monophyletic group, which is sister to Sporobolus (Sporobolinae), with 100% bootstrap support. Within the Zoysia clade, the relationship of (Z. sinica, Z japonica), (Z. tenuifolia, Z. matrella), (Z. macrostachya, Z. macrantha) was suggested.
Published: 2021
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12. The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Kuhlhasseltia nakaiana (Orchidaceae)

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Ja-Ram Hong, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, kuhlhasseltia nakaiana, orchidaceae, endangered species, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we report the complete plastome sequence of Kuhlhasseltia nakaiana (F.Maek.) Ormerod (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KY354041), an endangered plant species protected by the national law of Korea. The gene order and number in the K. nakaiana plastome were similar to a typical orchid plastome. The complete plastome was 147,614 bp in length and consisted of a large single copy region of 81,617 bp and a small single copy region of 13,673 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 26,162 bp. The plastome contained 103 genes, of which 69 were protein-coding genes, 30 were tRNA genes, and four were rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contained one intron and two genes (clpP and ycf3) had two introns. The AT content of the plastome was 60.5%. A total of 74 simple sequence repeat regions were identified from the plastome. Phylogenetic analysis determined that K. nakaiana was a member of the tribe Cranichideae and revealed the sister group relationship between K. nakaiana and Ludisia discolor within the tribe Cranichideae.
Published: 2017
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13. The complete plastome sequences of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)

Author: Sangjin Jo, Hoe-Won Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, large inversion, anacardiaceae, mangifera indica, mango, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871231). The complete plastome is 157,780 bp in length, and consists of a large single copy of 86,673 bp and a small single copy of 18,349 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 25,792 bp. The plastome contains 112 genes, of which 78 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. The average A-T content of the plastome is 62.1%. The M. indica plastome has approximately 15 kb inversion between trnT-UGU and trnT-GGU. We identify a palindromic repeat of 18 bp (ATTCTTTTTTTTTTTTTT/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAT) near the inversion breakpoints of M. indica plastome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. indica is a sister group of Rhus chinensis with 100% bootstrap support. Anacardiaceae clade is a sister group of Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae) with 100% bootstrap support.
Published: 2017
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14. The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Cymbidium macrorhizon (Orchidaceae)

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Myong Gi Chung, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, cymbidium macrorhizon, orchidaceae, hemisaprophyte, endangered species, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast sequence of Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KY354040), an endangered plant species protected by the national law of Korea. The gene order and number in the C. macrorhizon plastome were similar to a typical Orchid plastome. The complete plastome was 149,859 bp in length and consisted of a large single copy region of 85,187 bp and a small single copy region of 13,766 bp; these were separated by two inverted repeats of 25,453 bp. The plastome contained 103 genes of which 69 were protein-coding genes, 30 were tRNA genes and four were rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contained one intron and two genes (clpP, and ycf3) had two introns. The AT content of the C. macrorhizon plastome was 60.0% and a total of 62 simple sequence repeat regions were identified in the plastome. Phylogenetic analysis also identified C. lancifolium as a closely related sister to C. macrorhizon, suggesting that the hemisaprophytic nature of C. macrorhizon is derived recently from a common leafy ancestor.
Published: 2017
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15. The complete plastome of tropical fruit Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae)

Author: Sangjin Jo, Hoe-Won Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, gene and intron losses, small inversition, garcinia mangostana, clusiaceae, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: The complete plastome sequence of Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is completed in this study (NCBI acc. no. KX822787). This is a first complete plastome sequence from the Clusiaceae. The complete plastome size is 158,179 bp in length and consists of a large single copy of 86,458 bp and a small single copy of 17,703 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 27,009 bp. The G. mangostana plastome shows four minor structural modifications including infA gene loss, rpl32 gene loss, ycf3 gene intron loss and a 363 bp inversion between trnV-UAC and atpE gene. The plastome contains 111 genes, of which 77 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes and four are rRNA genes. The average A-T content of the plastome is 63.9%. A total of 110 simple sequence loci are identified from the genome. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that G. mangostana is a sister group of Erythroxylum novogranatense (Erythroxylaceae) with 78% bootstrap support.
Published: 2017
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16. The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Oberonia japonica (Orchidaceae)

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Myong Gi Chung, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: platome, oberonia japonica, orchidaceae, endangered species, ndh gene family loss, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we report the complete chloroplast sequence of Oberonia japonica (Maxim.) Makino (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871235), which is an endangered plant species currently protected by the National Law of Korea. The gene order and content of the O. japonica plastome are similar to those of a typical orchid plastome. The 11 ndh genes are pseudogenized or lost completely from the plastome of O. japonica. The plastome contains 102 genes, of which 68 are protein-coding genes, 30 and four are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, respectively. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes (clpP and ycf3) have two introns. The complete plastome is 142,996 bp long and consists of one large and small single copy each of 81,669 and 10,969 bp, respectively, separated by two inverted repeats of 25,179 bp. The AT content of the O. japonica plastome is 62.6%. Sixty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, consisting of 56 mono-SSR, seven di-SSR, and two tri-SSR are scattered along the O. japonica plastome. Some of these plastome SSR loci may be useful for developing genetic markers for the O. japonica populations. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that O. japonica is a member of the Malaxideae. The genus Oberonia forms a monophyletic clade with Dendrobium.
Published: 2017
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17. The complete plastome sequence of the endangered orchid Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae)

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Myoung Hai Kwak, Ja-Ram Hong, Hoe-Won Kim, Sangjin Jo, Jung-Yeon Sohn, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: habenaria radiata, orchidaceae, plastome, endangered species, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast sequence of Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. (Orchidaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX871237), an endangered plant species protected by the national law of Korea. The gene order and gene content of the H. radiata plastome are similar to those of typical angiosperm plastomes. The 11 ndh genes, which are usually lost in orchid plastomes, are intact in the H. radiata plastome. The complete plastome is 155,353 bp in length and consists of a large single copy of 84,833 bp and a small single copy of 17,718 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 26,401 bp. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes (clpP, ycf3) have two introns. A total of 76 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, which consist of 58 mono-SSR, 17 di-SSR, and 1 tri-SSR, are scattered along the H. radiata plastome. Some of these plastome SSR and high sequence divergent regions may be useful for development of genetic markers for the populations of H. radiata and other congeneric species. Phylogenetic analysis identified the sister relationship between H. radiata and H. pantlingiana within the tribe Orchideae.
Published: 2017
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18. Low intrinsic emittance in modern photoinjector brightness

Author: Christopher M. Pierce, Matthew B. Andorf, Edmond Lu, Colwyn Gulliford, Ivan V. Bazarov, Jared M. Maxson, Matthew Gordon, Young-Kee Kim, Nora P. Norvell, Bruce M. Dunham, and Tor O. Raubenheimer
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Reducing the intrinsic emittance of photocathodes is one of the most promising routes to improving the brightness of electron sources. However, when emittance growth occurs during beam transport (for example, due to space charge), it is possible that this emittance growth overwhelms the contribution of the photocathode, and, thus, in this case source emittance improvements are not beneficial. Using multiobjective genetic optimization, we investigate the role intrinsic emittance plays in determining the final emittance of several space-charge-dominated photoinjectors, including those for high-repetition-rate free electron lasers and ultrafast electron diffraction. We introduce a new metric to predict the scale of photocathode emittance improvements that remain beneficial and explain how additional tuning is required to take full advantage of new photocathode technologies. Additionally, we determine the scale of emittance growth due to point-to-point Coulomb interactions with a fast tree-based space-charge solver. Our results show that, in the realistic high-brightness photoinjector applications under study, the reduction of thermal emittance to values as low as 50 pm/μm (1 meV mean transverse energy) remains a viable option for the improvement of beam brightness.
Published: 2020
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19. Characterization of 20 complete plastomes from the tribe Laureae (Lauraceae) and distribution of small inversions.

Author: Sangjin Jo, Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, Qiang Fan, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Lindera Thunb. (Lauraceae) consists of approximately 100 species, mainly distributed in the temperate and tropical regions of East Asia. In this study, we report 20 new, complete plastome sequences including 17 Lindera species and three related species, Actinodaphne lancifolia, Litsea japonica and Sassafras tzumu. The complete plastomes of Lindera range from 152,502 bp (L. neesiana) to 154,314 bp (L. erythrocarpa) in length. Eleven small inversion (SI) sites are documented among the plastomes. Six of the 11 SI sites are newly reported and they locate in rpoB-trnC, psbC-trnS, petA-psbJ, rpoA and ycf2 regions. The distribution patterns of SIs are useful for species identification. An average of 83 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in each plastome. The mono-SSRs accounted for 72.7% of total SSRs, followed by di- (12.4%), tetra- (9.4%), tri- (4.2%), and penta-SSRs (1.3%). Of these SSRs, 64.6% were distributed in an intergenic spacer (IGS) region. In addition, 79.8% of the SSRs are located in a large single copy (LSC) region. In contrast, almost no SSRs are distributed in inverted repeat (IR) regions. The SSR loci are useful to identifying species but the phylogenetic value is low because the majority of them show autapomorphic status or highly homoplastic characteristics. The nucleotide diversity (Pi) values also indicated the conserved nature of the IR region compared to LSC and small single copy (SSC) regions. Five spacer regions with high Pi values, trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ and ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL and Ψycf1-ndhF, have a potential use for the molecular identification study of Lindera and related species. Lindera species form a paraphyletic group in the plastome tree because of the inclusion of related genera such as Actinodaphne, Laurus, Litsea and Neolitsea. A former member of tribe Laureae, Sassafras, forms a clade with the tribe Cinnamomeae. The SIs do not affect the phylogenetic relationship of Laureae. This result indicated that ancient plastome captures may have contribute to the mixed intergeneric relationship of Laureae. Alternatively, the result may indicate that the morphological characters defined the genera of Lauraceae originated for several times.
Published: 2019
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20. The complete plastome sequence of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Apocynaceae)

Author: Sangjin Jo, Hoe-Won Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: platome, tropical fruit, apocynaceae, carissa macrocarpa, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Apocynaceae) (NCBI acc. no. KX364402). The gene order and structure of the C. macrocarpa plastome are similar to those of a typical angiosperm. The complete plastome is 155,297 bp in length, and consists of a large single-copy region of 85,586 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,131 bp, which are separated by two inverted repeats of 25,792 bp. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes and 4 are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contained one intron and two genes have two introns. The average A–T content of the plastome is 62.0%. A total of 31 simple sequence repeat loci were identified within the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. macrocarpa is a member of the paraphyletic subfamily Rauvolfioideae of Apocynaceae. The sister group relationship of C. macrocarpa to the Apocynoideae–Asclepiadoideae clade is supported by 100% bootstrap values.
Published: 2017
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21. The first complete plastome sequence from the family Cardiopteridaceae, Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz

Author: Sangjin Jo, Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: platome, rpoa pseudogene, aquifoliales, cardiopteridaceae, gonocaryum lobbianum, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: In this study, we determined the complete plastome sequence of Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz (Cardiopteridaceae) (NCBI acc. no. MK390345). This is the first reported complete plastome sequence from the family Cardiopteridaceae of the order Aquifoliales. The complete plastome of G. lobbianum is 158,905 bp in length and consists of a large single copy of 87,705 bp and a small single copy of 19,346 bp, separated by two inverted repeats of 25,927 bp. The plastome contains 112 genes, of which 78 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. The rpoA gene was pseudogenized because of deletion and following frame-shift mutations. We also confirmed the pseudonization of rpoA gene using PCR and conventional Sanger sequencing methods. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. The average A-T content of the plastome is 62.7%. A total of 73 simple sequence repeat loci were identified within the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. lobbianum is a sister group of Aquifoliaceae-Helwingiaceae with 100% bootstrap value. The Aquifoliales clade is a sister group to the Apiales-Asterales-Dipsacales clade with 100% bootstrap support.
Published: 2019
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22. The complete plastome sequence of Durian, Durio zibethinus L. (Malvaceae)

Author: Se-Hwan Cheon, Sangjin Jo, Hoe-Won Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Jung-Yeon Sohn, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: plastome, durio zibethinus, durian, tropical fruit, malvaceae, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: The complete plastome sequence of Durio zibethinus L. (Malvaceae) is determined in this study (NCBI acc. no. MG138151). D. zibethinus is an important fruit crop in Southeastern Asia and known as the ‘king of fruit’. Our D. zibethinus plastome is the first reported sequences from the subfamily Helicteroideae of Malvaceae. The plastome sequence of D. zibethinus is 163,974 bp in length and it is composed of a pair of 23,679 bp inverted repeat regions separated by large and small single-copy regions of 95,704 bp and 20,912 bp, respectively. The gene order and structure of the D. zibethinus are similar to those of the typical plastome of land plants. The plastome encodes 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fifteen genes contain single intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 144 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis show that D. zibethinus (Helicteroideae) is sister group of Tilia (Tilioideae) clade with 100% bootstrap support.
Published: 2017
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23. Evolutionary Patterns of the Chloroplast Genome in Vanilloid Orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Se-Hwan Cheon, Ja-Ram Hong, and Ki-Joong Kim
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, Vanilloideae, General Medicine, gene loss, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, plastomes, SSC contraction, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Orchidaceae, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, gene relocation
Abstract: The Vanilloideae (vanilloids) is one of five subfamilies of Orchidaceae and is composed of fourteen genera and approximately 245 species. In this study, the six new chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of vanilloids (two Lecanorchis, two Pogonia, and two Vanilla species) were decoded, and then the evolutionary patterns of plastomes were compared to all available vanilloid plastomes. Pogoniajaponica has the longest plastome, with 158,200 bp in genome size. In contrast, Lecanorchisjaponica has the shortest plastome with 70,498 bp in genome size. The vanilloid plastomes have regular quadripartite structures, but the small single copy (SSC) region was drastically reduced. Two different tribes of Vanilloideae (Pogonieae and Vanilleae) showed different levels of SSC reductions. In addition, various gene losses were observed among the vanilloid plastomes. The photosynthetic vanilloids (Pogonia and Vanilla) showed signs of stage 1 degradation and had lost most of their ndh genes. The other three species (one Cyrotsia and two Lecanorchis), however, had stage 3 or stage 4 degradation and had lost almost all the genes in their plastomes, except for some housekeeping genes. The Vanilloideae were located between the Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae in the maximum likelihood tree. A total of ten rearrangements were found among ten Vanilloideae plastomes when compared to the basal Apostasioideae plastomes. The four sub-regions of the single copy (SC) region shifted into an inverted repeat (IR) region, and the other four sub-regions of the IR region shifted into the SC regions. Both the synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitution rates of IR in-cooperated SC sub-regions were decelerated, while the substitution rates of SC in-cooperated IR sub-regions were accelerated. A total of 20 protein-coding genes remained in mycoheterotrophic vanilloids. Almost all these protein genes show accelerated base substitution rates compared to the photosynthetic vanilloids. Two of the twenty genes in the mycoheterotrophic species faced strong “relaxed selection” pressure (p-value < 0.05).
Published: 2023
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24. How high-energy physics plans its future

Author: Joel Butler, R. Sekhar Chivukula, Andre de Gouvea, Tao Han, Young-Kee Kim, and Priscilla Cushman
Subjects: Theoretical particle physics, Affordable and Clean Energy, General Physics and Astronomy, Experimental particle physics
Abstract: Past and present chairs of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society explain how the high-energy physics community in the US decides the priorities for research through regular planning exercises that started 40 years ago at Snowmass, Colorado.
Published: 2022
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25. Dose-dependent suppression of tolaasin-induced hemolysis by gadolinium ion

Author: Jeong-Hoon Huh, Yeong-Bae Yun, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering
Published: 2021
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26. Effect of Culture Medium Vitamin Concentration of Culture Medium on Ethanol Production in Syngas Fermentation

Author: Soeun Park, Taegwang An, Hongrae Im, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: Vitamin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Syngas fermentation, Ethanol fuel, Food science
Published: 2021
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27. Effect of Organic Nitrogen Supplements on Syngas Fermentation Using Clostridium autoethanogenum

Author: Taegwang An, Young-Kee Kim, Soeun Park, Rokgyu Kwon, and Hongrae Im
Subjects: Ethanol, biology, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Bacterial growth, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Tryptone, Syngas fermentation, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Yeast extract, Ethanol fuel, Food science, Biotechnology
Abstract: In this study, the effects of organic nitrogen supplements, such as tryptone and peptone, on microbial growth and ethanol and acetic acid production were investigated to improve ethanol productivity in a Clostridium autoethanogenum culture using syngas as the sole carbon source. The concentration of yeast extract, which is an organic nitrogen source in a basal medium, was optimized to 0.5 g/L before adding the supplements. In the C. autoethanogenum culture using tryptone and peptone as supplements, microbial growth and acetic acid formation were proportionate to the supplement concentration till up to 5.0 g/L of tryptone or peptone. However, ethanol concentration reached a maximum level of 4.57 g/L and 4.23 g/L in the cultures supplemented with 0.5 g/L of tryptone and 0.5 g/L of peptone, respectively. Ethanol production did not increase at a supplement concentration higher than 0.5 g/L. Thus, the addition of tryptone and peptone at a concentration of 0.5 g/L showed the best volumetric ethanol productivities (0.286 and 0.264 g/L·d, respectively), which were enhanced by 45.9% and 44.3% compared to the results of the control experiment.
Published: 2021
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28. Molecular analysis of peptide toxins secreted by various Pseudomonas tolaasii strains

Author: Yeong-Bae Yun and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, Peptide, biology.organism_classification, Molecular analysis, Pseudomonas tolaasii, Microbiology
Published: 2020
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29. Medium Compositions for the Improvement of Productivity in Syngas Fermentation with Clostridium autoethanogenum

Author: Soeun Park, Hien Nguyen Thi, Huiqing Li, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, food and beverages, Bioengineering, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Corn steep liquor, 03 medical and health sciences, Ingredient, Biofuel, Syngas fermentation, 010608 biotechnology, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Yeast extract, Ethanol fuel, Fermentation, Food science, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: The cost of culture media represents a considerable portion of the overall cost in syngas fermentation. Yeast extract is an expensive ingredient among the medium components required to prepare the culture medium. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of replacing yeast extract with relatively low-cost nutrient supplements such as corn steep liquor, malt extract, and vegetable extract in improving the feasibility of the syngas fermentation process in Clostridium autoethanogenum culture. The use of corn steep liquor, malt extract, and vegetable extract as nutrient supplements at a concentration of 0.5 g/L resulted in optical densities of 1.44, 1.37, and 1.71, and produced ethanol concentrations of 2.24, 3.37, and 3.76 g/L, respectively. The microbial growth and ethanol production in syngas fermentation with yeast extract alternatives was comparable with the results of fermentation with yeast extract (optical density of 1.48 and ethanol concentration of 2.16). Moreover, the use of malt and vegetable extracts showed considerable improvement (69% and 51%, respectively) in the specific ethanol productivity compared to yeast extract.
Published: 2020
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30. Effect of selenium and tungsten on cell growth and metabolite production in syngas fermentation using 'Clostridium autoethanogenum'

Author: Taegwang An and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: Clostridium, Selenium, Ethanol, Fermentation, Bioengineering, General Medicine, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tungsten, Biotechnology, Acetic Acid
Abstract: The effect of tungsten and selenium on cell growth and production of metabolites such as acetic acid and ethanol when fermenting syngas using "Clostridium autoethanogenum" was investigated to improve the process efficiency. General concentrations of selenium and tungsten in the medium are 0.01 µM during acetogenic syngas fermentation. We conducted culture experiments at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 µM for each heavy metal. The effect of selenium on cell growth and total metabolite production was greater than that of tungsten as the effect of selenium on formate dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, is greater than that of tungsten. Although an increase in tungsten had a marginal effect on total metabolite production, the ethanol/acetic acid production ratio increased significantly due to a decrease in acetic acid and an increase in ethanol production. Thus, tungsten plays a key role in activating aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a key enzyme in the reduction of acetate to ethanol. A specific ethanol productivity of 0.462 g ethanol/g DCW∙d was obtained in a culture using 0.01 µM selenium and 0.1 µM tungsten, which was 2.18 times higher than when using 0.01 µM of both selenium and tungsten.
Published: 2022

31. Effect of Temperature on Degradation of Organics and Nutrients by Biological Activated Carbon Immobilized with Pseudomonas putida

Author: park hyungjin and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Bioremediation, biology, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Sediment contamination, Degradation (geology), Phenol, Biological activated carbon, biology.organism_classification, Pseudomonas putida
Published: 2020
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32. Pseudomonas tolaasii bacteriophage-specific polyclonal antibody formation and its cross reactivity to various phages

Author: Yeong-Bae Yun, Soo-Jin Park, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biology, Chemistry, 030106 microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Cross-reactivity, Microbiology, Bacteriophage, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyclonal antibodies, 010608 biotechnology, medicine, biology.protein, Pseudomonas tolaasii
Abstract: Pseudomonas tolaasii는 느타리버섯에 갈반병을 일으키는 병원 균주로, 다양한 변이균주들을 분리하여 P1α와 P1β, P1γ 세 가지 소그룹으로 분류하였다. 각 그룹별 균주들에 특이적인 박테리오파지를 이용한 파지테라피는 갈반병 방제에 매우 성공적이었다. 본 연구에서는, 박테리오파지들의 특성을 구명하기 위하여 소그룹별 대표균주을 이용하여 파지를 분리하였고, 이들의 다클론항체를 제작하여 파지들 사이에 유연관계를 조사하였다. 파지 준비물은 1010 pfu/mL 이상으로 토끼의 다리 근육에 주사 하였고, 3회의 반복주사에 의해 다클론항체가 얻어졌다. 파지 φ6264에 대한 항체의 역가는 2×107 Ab/mL 이상, 파지 φHK2에 대해서는 1×106 Ab/mL, 파지 φHK19와 φHK23에 대해서는 1×107 Ab/mL 이상이었다. 항체와 이에 특이적인 파지 사이에는 매우 높은 반응특이성이 있었고, 소그룹이 다른 파지의 항체와 파지 사이에도 일부 교차반응성을 확인하였다. 파지 φ6264에서 생성된 Abφ6264는 모든 P1α 소그룹의 파지들과 반응성을 보였으나, 파지 φHK16을 제외한 다른 소그룹의 파지들과는 반응하지 않았다. P1γ 소그룹에서 생성된 AbφHK23은 P1β 소그룹의 모든 파지들을 불활성화시켜 가장 넓은 항체범위를 보였다. 항체와 파지를 이용한 숙주균과의 관계를 분석하였을 때, 16S rRNA 유전자 분석에 의한 숙주균의 근연관계와 항체를 이용한 숙주균의 파지들 사이의 구조적 근연관계는 상당히 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 박테리오파지의 숙주균 특이성과 항체를 이용해 측정한 파지의 껍질단백질 구조유사성 사이에는 약한 상관성을 보였다.
Published: 2019
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33. Growth enhancement of bioethanol-producing microbe Clostridium autoethanogenum by changing culture medium composition

Author: Bohye Ahn, Young-Kee Kim, and Soeun Park
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Ethanol, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Acetogen, 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Clostridium autoethanogenum, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Yeast extract, Composition (visual arts), Food science, Waste Management and Disposal, Bacteria, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The aim of this study was to optimize the culture medium to enhance the growth of Clostridium autoethanogenum, an acetogenic bacterium that converts synthesis gas to ethanol and acetic acid. In order to optimize the culture medium, four components, yeast extract, trace metal solution, vitamin solution, and Na2S·9H2O, were investigated. Yeast extract was found to have the biggest influence on growth, and a concentration of 5 g/L, 10 times higher than that in basal medium, leading to 2.3 times greater growth. At 10 times the concentration in basal medium, trace metal solution inhibited the growth of the acetogen. A change in the concentration of vitamin solution did not yield any significant difference in cell growth. Lastly, growth with Na2S·9H2O showed a tendency to decrease after an initial cell mass increase for concentrations of 0.5 g/L (basal medium condition) and 0.05 g/L. However, at 5 g/L, C. autoethanogenum grew steadily.
Published: 2019
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34. Search for heavy charged long-lived particles in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV using an ionisation measurement with the ATLAS detector

Author: Ming Chung Chu, Mikhail Mineev, Paul Hanke, Stephane Jezequel, Miaoran Lu, Sina Bahrasemani, Vasilis Konstantinides, Dai Kobayashi, Christian Weiser, Juan Pedro Araque Espinosa, Marcella Bona, Allan G Clark, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, Bertrand Laforge, Laura Jeanty, Andrea Coccaro, Simone Pagan Griso, Julia Isabell Djuvsland, Jun Su, Sarah Jones, Markus Cristinziani, Eric Drechsler, Michel Vetterli, Francesco Ragusa, Xiangyang Ju, Marcin Pawel Guzik, Jun Gao, Benoit Lefebvre, Alexander Milov, Cyril Becot, Philip Sommer, Laura La Rotonda, Sharka Todorova-Nova, Josef Pacalt, Paul de Jong, Takashi Mitani, Dingane Reward Hlaluku, Satoshi Higashino, K. Peters, Sophio Pataraia, Dilip Jana, Fernando Barreiro, Christopher Willis, Akshat Puri, Emanuel Demetrio Mendes Gouveia, Peter Watkins, Andrea Ventura, Dorothee Schaile, Marisa Sandhoff, Odette Benary, Giancarlo Spigo, Matthew Glenn Kurth, Driss Goujdami, Christophe Pol A Roland, Lidia Dell'Asta, Othmane Rifki, Roberto Cardarelli, Agostino Lanza, Fabienne Ledroit-Guillon, Igor Boyko, Ilia Ravinovich, Eleni Mountricha, Ikuo Ueda, Giulia Di Gregorio, Hannah Arnold, Oscar Estrada Pastor, Andreas Petridis, Sanmay Ganguly, Daniela Salvatore, Jorn Grosse-Knetter, Stefan Schlenker, Esteban Fullana Torregrosa, Mikhail Demichev, Gustavo Otero y Garzon, Kehinde Gbenga Tomiwa, Ishan Pokharel, Anthony Weidberg, Hans Krueger, David Berge, Federica Fabbri, Anatoli Romaniouk, Stephen Weber, Oleg Bulekov, Konstantinos Bachas, Alison Lister, Colleen Jennifer Treado, Daniel Hayden, Francisco Alonso, Benjamin Bordy Tannenwald, Miriam Diamond, Ewan Hill, Walter Howard Hopkins, Michael Strauss, Zhen Yan, Ivo van Vulpen, Mirta Dumancic, Anthony Keith Morley, Keisuke Yoshihara, Evelina Vassileva Bouhova-Thacker, Gavin Grant Hesketh, Antonella De Santo, Xin Wu, Jan Schaeffer, Joseph Haley, Maria Giulia Ratti, Agni Bethani, Ina Carli, Tomas Sykora, Elmar Ritsch, Thorwald Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Alex Martyniuk, Elizabeth Brost, Kalliopi Iordanidou, Robert Kehoe, Yu Zhang, Antonio Ferrer, Kirill Prokofiev, Nikolina Ilic, Clara Nellist, Isabel Marian Trigger, Laurie Iain McClymont, Frederick Dallaire, Nan Lu, Pedro Henrique Sales De Bruin, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Koji Nakamura, Vladimir Lyubushkin, Stefano Terzo, Michel Lefebvre, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Peter Loch, Liang Li, Barry King, Aaron James Armbruster, Yufeng Wang, Samuel Joseph Crawley, Alexey Kharlamov, Chen Zhou, Simon Holm Stark, Ana Maria Henriques Correia, George Victor Andrei, Jianbei Liu, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, D. Amidei, Olaf Nackenhorst, Michele Faucci Giannelli, Dms Sultan, Davide Caforio, John Derek Chapman, Johannes Donatus Mellenthin, Marco Bruschi, Samuel Meehan, Sergey Kuleshov, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Yorihito Sugaya, Marek Palka, Antonios Leisos, Krzysztof Sliwa, Naim Bora Atlay, Korbinian Ralf Schmidt-Sommerfeld, Bartlomiej Zabinski, Tomoaki Nakamura, Paolo Camarri, Victor Solovyev, Alan Peyaud, Christoph Rembser, Katja Hannele Mankinen, Andrew Buckley, Xiandong Zhao, Jaroslav Guenther, Jonathan Thomas Peter Burr, David Paul Yallup, Jonathan Shlomi, Thomas Daniel Weston, Bijan Haney, Ryan White, C. Santoni, Amy Selvi Tee, Kamil Augsten, Javier Montejo Berlingen, Giovanni Maccarrone, Donatas Ramilas Zaripovas, Javier Sánchez, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Swagato Banerjee, Jelena Jovicevic, Oleh Kivernyk, Ariel Schwartzman, Simon Molander, Speranza Falciano, Bernd Stelzer, David Miller, Giovanni Siragusa, John Morris, Werner Wiedenmann, Haichen Wang, Zoya Karpova, Mikhail Ivanovitch Gostkin, John Myers, Tim Michael Heinz Wolf, Arnaud Lucotte, Sally Seidel, Gregorio Bernardi, Markus Nordberg, Peter Steinberg, Benjamin Freund, Shunsuke Adachi, Marcello Fanti, Ligang Xia, Vladimir Tikhomirov, Shunsuke Honda, Knut Zoch, Alberto Cervelli, Jean-Baptiste De Vivie De Regie, Nicolas Morange, Grygorii Sokhrannyi, Takashi Yamanaka, Cheng Chen, Bibhuti Parida, Guy Koren, Igor Mandic, Akira Yamamoto, Soshi Tsuno, Cong Geng, Ilaria Luise, Erez Etzion, Wenhao Xu, Timon Frank-thomas Heim, Melissa Ridel, Calliope Louisa Sotiropoulou, Federica Legger, Pavol Bartos, Adam James Bozson, Kelsey O'connor, Maria Josefina Alconada Verzini, Martin Aleksa, Tamara Vazquez Schroeder, Mario Antonelli, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Sarah Louise Barnes, Michael Pitt, Manuel Patrice Geisler, Hong Ma, Stefano Camarda, Nicola Abraham, Rongkun Wang, Alexey Anisenkov, Ann Miao Wang, Steven Schramm, Luis March Ruiz, Andrei Artamonov, Jason Lea Oliver, Judith Katzy, Chase Owen Shimmin, Xin Chen, Michael Solar, Marjorie Shapiro, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Shikma Bressler, Itsuo Nakano, Junji Tojo, Per Edvin Sidebo, Katharine Leney, Yee Chinn Yap, Ulrike Blumenschein, Pavol Strizenec, Graham Cree, Filippo Maria Giorgi, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Thomas LeCompte, Nimrod Taiblum, Debarati Roy, Juan Antonio Aguilar Saavedra, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Olga Bessidskaia Bylund, Leonor Cerda Alberich, Gerhard Brandt, James Catmore, Haonan Lu, Zach Marshall, Nikolaos Tsirintanis, Benjamin Philip Nachman, Rustem Ospanov, Adriaan Koenig, Jue Chen, Goeran Jarlskog, Massimo Della Pietra, Edson Carquin, Gerald Oakham, Steven Farrell, Muhammad Alhroob, Tobias Flick, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Francisca Javiela Munoz Sanchez, Tamar Djobava, Simon George, Ksenia Gasnikova, Elemer Nagy, Simone Amoroso, Gerjan Bobbink, Joaquin Hoya, Michal Dubovsky, Alexis Roger Louis Vallier, Konstantin Vorobev, Ruiqi Zhang, Atsuhiko Ochi, Marc Weber, Tomoe Kishimoto, Yuri Kulchitsky, Christopher Bee, Zuzana Blenessy, Arnulf Quadt, Giovanni Darbo, Nils-Arne Rosien, Tatsuya Masubuchi, Marcus Morgenstern, Samuel Silverstein, Gianluca Introzzi, Giora Mikenberg, Franziska Iltzsche Speiser, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, Weiming Yao, Baptiste Abeloos, Nikolaos Rompotis, Andrea Sciandra, Christian Johann Riegel, Kevin De Vasconcelos Corga, Stavros Maltezos, Thomas Naumann, Tobias Kupfer, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Johannes Balz, Carl Suster, Anne-luise Poley, Pierre-Antoine Delsart, Susumu Oda, Romain Madar, Zinonas Zinonos, Yanwen Liu, Tibor Zenis, Tomas Javurek, Rima El Kosseifi, Alexandre Rozanov, Garrin Mc Goldrick, Daniel Stefaniak Nielsen, Lian Liang Ma, Xueyao Zhang, Yun-Ju Lu, Matthew Smith, Yan Benhammou, Laura Jean Bergsten, Ademar Tavares Delgado, Horst Severini, Francesco Maria Follega, Luca Fiorini, Teresa Barillari, Zhengguo Zhao, Gabriel John Facini, Michael Tuts, Edmund Dawe, Ilias Panagoulias, Rotem Barnea, Vitaliano Chiarella, Olga Novgorodova, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Patricia Conde Muiño, Christopher Blake Martin, Hidetoshi Otono, Uli Schaefer, Javier Llorente Merino, Royer Edson Ticse Torres, Sara Ghasemi, Santiago Juan Batista, Chikuma Kato, Federico Meloni, Roman Lysak, Jumpei Maeda, Stefania Xella, Yuji Enari, Vincenzo Canale, Carlos Alberto Chavez Barajas, Alessia Bruni, Gabriele D'amen, Gabriele Chiodini, Bernardo Sotto-Maior Peralva, Nima Sherafati, Luca Pizzimento, Alexandros Marantis, Emlyn Hughes, Nikita Belyaev, Gabriela Navarro, Dave Britton, Kuan-yu Lin, Saime Gurbuz, Zongchang Yang, Johannes Erdmann, Koji Sato, Dave Sankey, Hoang Dai Nghia Nguyen, Nicolas Ellis, Sebastian Artz, Lucrezia Stella Bruni, Viktor Kramarenko, Umberto De Sanctis, Daniela Paredes Hernandez, Jean-Yves Hostachy, Jennifer Kathryn Roloff, Norman Gee, Abraham De Benedetti, Luka Kanjir, Sergio Calvente Lopez, Douglas Schaefer, Alberto Stabile, Maria Smizanska, Craig Buttar, Bo Liu, Vivek Jain, Josh Mcfayden, Maria Moreno Llacer, Bobby Samir Acharya, Carlos Sandoval Usme, Mark Sutton, Umar Gul, Xinchou Lou, Daniele De Pedis, Magda Anna Chelstowska, Smita Darmora, Robert Les, Toshiaki Kaji, Remi Zaidan, Milena Bajic, Enrico Pasqualucci, Alexander Kupco, Louis Guillaume Gagnon, Daniela Bortoletto, Daiki Yamaguchi, Robert Adam Vallance, Andrea Gabrielli, Serena Palazzo, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Matej Melo, Usha Mallik, Adrian John Bevan, Christophe Raymond Goudet, Sebastian Grinstein, Eduard Simioni, Yoshiji Yasu, Alexander Solodkov, Luis Flores Castillo, Fabien Jeanneau, Daniel Whiteson, Fido Dittus, Nadezda Proklova, Matthias Wittgen, David Freeborn, Tomoya Iizawa, Shu Li, Koji Terashi, Paul Mircea Gravila, Artem Maevskiy, 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Korcyl, Denis Oliveira Damazio, Bernard Brickwedde, Xiao-yan Li, Anjishnu Bandyopadhyay, Michael David Werner, Dennis Perepelitsa, Krzysztof Wozniak, Ulrike Schnoor, Tamsin Nooney, Emma Winkels, Petr Sicho, Kristian Gregersen, Alessandra Doria, Karl Gellerstedt, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, David Richard Shope, Karl Jakobs, Yan Wing Ng, Laura Fabbri, Kurt Keys Hill, Christos Vergis, Daniel Lellouch, Yichen Li, Dewen Zhong, Yoichi Ikegami, Alan Litke, Rachael Ann Creager, Giuseppe Salamanna, Jose Ocariz, Peter Jenni, Miles Wu, Matteo Mantoani, David William Casper, Kyle James Read Cormier, Alexander Madsen, Vincent Wai Sum Wong, Laura Perini, Jessica Metcalfe, Manuel Neumann, Andrej Gorisek, Marco Milesi, Masahiko Saito, Jochen Jens Heinrich, Mark Stockton, Kosuke Takeda, Maurizio De Santis, Carlo Enrico Pandini, Stephen Burns Menary, Edoardo Gorini, Christian Luedtke, Uwe Bratzler, Namig Javadov, David Cameron, Giulia Ripellino, Julian Constantin Schmoeckel, Abigail Alexandra O'Rourke, Evangelos Gazis, Ofir Gabizon, Thorsten Kuhl, S. J. Chen, Michele Pinamonti, Anne Marie Sickles, Craig Sawyer, Albert Francis Casha, Souad Batlamous, Martine Bosman, Michael Begel, Ivan Lopez Paz, Vladimir Vinogradov, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Karel Smolek, Joao Saraiva, Marcela Mikestikova, Anatoly Kozhin, Maximilian Georg Herrmann, David Dodsworth, Martin White, Judita Mamuzic, Andrei Salnikov, Stefanie Morgenstern, Veronica Wallangen, Kayla Dawn McLean, Richard Nisius, Enrico Tassi, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Sabrina Groh, Francesco Lo Sterzo, Edoardo Rossi, Santiago Rafael Paredes Saenz, Roland Jansky, Declan Andrew Millar, Syed Haider Abidi, Jannik Geisen, Grzegorz Pawel Gach, Lawrence Lee Jr, Mario Jose Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, Robert Henderson, Evgeniy Khramov, Dmitri Dedovich, Clara Troncon, Etienne Dreyer, Val O'Shea, Attila Krasznahorkay, Thibault Guillemin, Victoria Castillo Gimenez, Tatsumi Nitta, Giacinto Piacquadio, and Pawel Malecki
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atlas detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Supersymmetry, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: This Letter presents a search for heavy charged long-lived particles produced in proton-proton collisions at root s= 13 TeV at the LHC using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity ...
Published: 2019
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35. Changes in pathogenic characters of Pseudomonas tolaasii 6264 strain by storage period

Author: Jeong-Hun Huh, Yeong-Bae Yun, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Veterinary medicine, Strain (chemistry), biology, Chemistry, Period (gene), 030106 microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, biology.organism_classification, Pseudomonas tolaasii
Published: 2018
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36. Characterization of phage-resistant strains derived from Pseudomonas tolaasii 6264, which causes brown blotch disease

Author: Yeong-Bae Yun, Ji-Hye Han, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mushroom, biology, Phage therapy, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, 030106 microbiology, Pathogenic bacteria, General Medicine, Tolaasin, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, 16S ribosomal RNA, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Bacteriophage, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Pleurotus ostreatus, Biotechnology, Pseudomonas tolaasii
Abstract: Pseudomonas tolaasii 6264 is a representative strain that causes bacterial blotch disease on the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Bacteriophages are able to sterilize the pathogenic P. tolaasii strains, and therefore, they can be applied in creating disease-free mushroom cultivation farms, through a method known as "phage therapy". For successful phage therapy, the characterization of phage-resistant strains is necessary, since they are frequently induced from the original pathogenic bacteria in the presence of phages. When 10 different phages were incubated with P. tolaasii 6264, their corresponding phage-resistant strains were obtained. In this study, changes in pathogenic, genetic, and biochemical characteristics as well as the acquired phage resistance of these strains were investigated. In the phylogenetic analyses, all phage-resistant strains were identical to the original parent strain based on the sequence comparison of 16S rRNA genes. When various phage-resistant strains were examined by three different methods, pitting test, white line test, and hemolytic activity, they were divided into three groups: strains showing all positive results in three tests, two positive in the first two tests, and all negative. Nevertheless, all phage-resistant strains showed that their pathogenic activities were reduced or completely lost.
Published: 2018
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37. Search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying into a Z boson and another heavy Higgs boson in the ℓℓbb final state in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: Charles William Kalderon, Gueorgui Chelkov, Naim Bora Atlay, Claudia Bertella, Benjamin Jacque Gutelman, Mats Joakim Robert Olsson, Tomas Sykora, Roger Jones, Valery Schegelsky, Sabrina Groh, Paul Laycock, Mikel Eukeni Pozo Astigarraga, Kyle James Read Cormier, Shawn Patrick Mc Kee, Cesar Augusto Marin Tobon, Massimo Lazzaroni, Simen Hellesund, Oldrich Kepka, Alessandra Baas, Armin Michael Nairz, Marzieh Bahmani, Sergei Smirnov, Bradley Axen, Hasko Stenzel, Sebastian Heer, Ondrej Hladik, Emmanuel Sauvan, Roger Felipe Naranjo Garcia, Tatsumi Koi, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Tomas Jakoubek, Valentinos Christodoulou, Vladimir Zhulanov, Martin Stegler, Samuel Webb, Arwa A E Bannoura, Sergey Karpov, Gabriella Gaudio, Cecilia Tosciri, Terry Richard Wyatt, Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli, Nurcan Ozturk, Haiping Peng, Per Johansson, Thomas Meideck, Huajie Cheng, Verena Martinez Outschoorn, Garabed Halladjian, Klaus Hamacher, Michael Duehrssen, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, Kenneth Johns, Mario Martinez Perez, Wei Wang, Matthew Berg Epland, Giulia Gonella, Joana Machado Miguens, Janet Dietrich, Christian Johann Riegel, Luca Colasurdo, Sergey Denisov, Stefanie Morgenstern, Lesya Anna Horyn, Victor Araujo Ferraz, Pavol Strizenec, Sebastian Mario Weber, Siegfried Wenig, Moritz Backes, Sofia Chouridou, Jason Nielsen, Armen Vartapetian, Maria-Teresa Dova, Grygorii Sokhrannyi, Uta Klein, Maria Smizanska, Zhijun Liang, Shan Jin, Hok Chuen Cheng, Heiko Lacker, James Black, Alberto Annovi, Zihao Jiang, Yoav Afik, Keisuke Yoshihara, Michel Raymond, Bruce Schumm, Charles Delporte, Leonardo Merola, Archil Durglishvili, Laura Pacheco Rodriguez, Jian Cong Zeng, Alison Elliot, Marius Cornelis van Woerden, Kostantinos Kordas, Steffen Schaepe, Takahiko Kondo, Tigran Mkrtchyan, Isabelle Wingerter-Seez, Alessandro Tricoli, Christopher Lester, Remi Zaidan, Nicolas Scharmberg, Sven Menke, Nicolas Maximilian Koehler, Dmitri Tsybychev, Kim Katrin Heidegger, Dai Kobayashi, Joergen Sjoelin, Gorm Aske Gram Krohn Galster, Diego Casadei, Dalila Salamani, Thomas LeCompte, Karola Dette, Ahmed Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, Woiciech Fedorko, Mogens Dam, William Buttinger, D. De Pedis, Alberto Stabile, Iwona Grabowska-Bold, Chiao-ying Lin, Sergio Díez Cornell, Paolo Sabatini, Chunhui Chen, Arnulf Quadt, Nicholas Stuart Dann, Andrew White, Giulio Cornelio Grossi, Matthew John Baca, Erez Etzion, Ariella Cattai, Francois Corriveau, Olympia Dartsi, Sabrina Sacerdoti, Yohei Noguchi, Tamsin Nooney, Ewan Hill, Norbert Wermes, Vladimir Lyubushkin, Elias Coniavitis, Spyridon Argyropoulos, Tak Shun Lau, Flavia De Almeida Dias, Kunlin Han, Kenta Uno, Stefan Kluth, Jiangyong Jia, Stefano Terzo, Kevin Kroeninger, Helen Hayward, Takashi Yamanaka, Elemer Nagy, Shunsuke Honda, Abigail Alexandra O'Rourke, Zhaoxu Xi, Markus Wobisch, Gilberto Giugliarelli, Christian Weber, Liv Antje Mari Wiik, Shlomit Tarem, Nishu Nishu, Gabriela Navarro, Rafal Bielski, Gavin Grant Hesketh, Tiesheng Dai, Andrey Kiryunin, Peter Nemethy, Paul Thompson, Jonathan Crane, Francesco Safai Tehrani, Joseph Peter Kinghorn-taenzer, Mathis Kolb, Christian Luedtke, Michael James Fenton, Barbara Alvarez Gonzalez, Katharine Leney, Benjamin William Allen, Stefanie Todt, Kenneth Wraight, Christian Oliver Sander, Shunichi Akatsuka, Attila Krasznahorkay, Phillip Urquijo, Krisztian Peters, Fabio Cerutti, Naoki Ishijima, James Broughton, Baojia Tong, Karri Folan Di Petrillo, Rui Zou, Giulio Aielli, Susanne Kuehn, Pippa Wells, Arthur Schaffer, Xifeng Ruan, Da Xu, Yesenia Hernández Jiménez, Yu-Ting Shen, Javier Sánchez, Julien Donini, Sandra Kortner, Stephen Jiggins, John Parsons, Alexander Naip Tuna, Fabian Spettel, Sara Alderweireldt, Jos Vermeulen, Fabio Cardillo, Juerg Beringer, Eva Hansen, Nooshin Dehghanian, Juan Antonio Garcia Pascual, Geert-Jan Besjes, Jana Faltova, Joseph Haley, Carlos Solans, Alexey Maslennikov, F. Anulli, Jin Wang, Julius Hrivnac, Jose Julio Lozano Bahilo, Sebastian Artz, James Andrew Kendrick, Johannes Donatus Mellenthin, Jakub Cúth, Matej Melo, Lorenzo Feligioni, Serkant Ali Cetin, Andrew D. Hamilton, Arthur James Horton, Daniel Lellouch, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Alexey Kharlamov, Vadim Kostyukhin, Markus Zinser, M. Moreno Llácer, Bing Li, Yasuyuki Okumura, Nicolo De Groot, Francesco La Ruffa, Irinel Caprini, Rui Zhang, Ian Shipsey, Matthew Peter Heath, Chris Hays, Guennadi Borissov, Gerhard Ferdinand Rzehorz, Yakov Petrovich Kulinich, Sarah Louise Barnes, Andreas Petridis, D. Gillberg, Rupert Leitner, Chloe Gray, Luigi Vigani, Rhys Thomas Roberts, Stefano Camarda, Jennifer Kathryn Roloff, Rinat Fakhrutdinov, Jannik Geisen, Peter Maettig, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, Didier Ferrere, Odette Benary, Marcus Morgenstern, Mihai Caprini, Tord Ekelof, Monica Verducci, John Hobbs, Elisabetta Vilucchi, Knut Oddvar Hoie Vadla, Kazuki Motohashi, Benjamin Bordy Tannenwald, Francesco Lacava, Thomas Beermann, Gabija Zemaityte, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Wade Cameron Fisher, Marco Costa, Trisha Farooque, Igor Gavrilenko, Matteo Bauce, Piotr Andrzej Janus, Ivan Yeletskikh, Andrea Sansoni, Vincent Kitali, Laura Franconi, Christopher Young, Frederick Dallaire, Nicolo Vladi Biesuz, Alexander Law, Peng Zhang, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Nihal Brahimi, Adam Jinaru, H. S. Chen, Antonio Limosani, Edward Diehl, Simon Holm Stark, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Marta Losada, Puja Saha, Sebastian Wahrmund, Marcelo Vogel, Junji Tojo, Mikhail Levchenko, Marc Cano Bret, M. Franklin, David Philip John Lack, Philippe Calfayan, Shuwei Ye, Per Edvin Sidebo, Alberto Aloisio, Andrew Hard, Hector De la Torre, Markus Cristinziani, Graham Cree, Mohamed El Kacimi, Martine Bosman, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Jovan Mitrevski, Murrough Landon, Elena Rocco, Giacinto Piacquadio, Aziz Chafaq, Antinea Guerguichon, Giulia Ucchielli, Ryu Sawada, Juansher Jejelava, Evgueni Ladygin, Feng Lyu, Danilo Giugni, Tohru Takeshita, Lucio Cerrito, Branislav Ristić, Jose F Benitez, Jianming Qian, Sergi Rodriguez Bosca, Rainer Roehrig, Hongfang Liu, Otmar Biebel, Claus Goessling, Stan Thompson, Annabelle Julia Chuinard, Silvia Fressard-Batraneanu, Iskander Ibragimov, Wen Guan, Patricia Ward, Raymond Brock, Giovanni Crosetti, Stefania Antonia Stucci, Uwe Bratzler, Giovanna Lehmann Miotto, I-huan Chiu, Michael Kagan, Robert Les, Oleg Brandt, Matthew Henry Klein, Elizaveta Shabalina, Harry James Moss, Margherita Primavera, Xiangting Meng, Hrachya Hakobyan, Jochen Meyer, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, Stephen Burns Menary, Massimo Corradi, Mario Lassnig, L. L. Ma, Aaron Liblong, Nadezda Proklova, Yun Sang Chow, Claudia Gemme, Daniel Mori, Michel Janus, Ayana Arce, Timothy Andeen, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, Rachel Hyneman, Christophe Clement, Alberto Valero, Rosy Nicolaidou, Filomena Sopkova, William Joseph Johnson, Anna Ivina, Pierre-Antoine Delsart, Alexander Sydorenko, Patrick Fassnacht, Victor Bobrovnikov, Peilong Wang, Takuya Nobe, Michael Adersberger, Jaroslav Guenther, Alessandro De Salvo, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Hulin Wang, Jorn Dines Hansen, Jolanta Olszowska, Francesca Pastore, Nicoletta Garelli, Yu Nakahama, Fabian Alexander Foerster, Philip James Clark, Quanyin Li, A. Boveia, Laurie Iain McClymont, Denys Denysiuk, Michael A. Strauss, Cristobal Padilla Aranda, Daniel Joseph Antrim, Wai Yuen Chan, Steffen Maeland, Jelena Jovicevic, Wing Sheung Chan, Jeffrey David Shahinian, Gerjan Bobbink, Cheng Chen, Iouri Naryshkin, Nabila Wahab Shaikh, Steven Farrell, Kerstin Lantzsch, Milene Calvetti, Dirk Duschinger, Nico Giangiacomi, Laurent Serin, Sau Lan Wu, Edgar Kellermann, Kaushik De, Yury Ryabov, Theresa Obermann, Damir Duvnjak, Dmitri Dedovich, Bibhuti Parida, Cong Geng, Asma Hadef, Nathan Rogers Bernard, Driss Goujdami, Giulio Usai, Stefano Giagu, Filipe Veloso, Aurelio Juste Rozas, Nenad Vranjes, Tony Doyle, Khilesh Pradip Mistry, Marisilvia Donadelli, Yingchun Zhu, Simon Feigl, Sebastian Liem Arvidsson, Georges Azuelos, Rachael Ann Creager, Paul Jackson, Ozan Arslan, Andrey Minaenko, Keith Baker, Andrey Soukharev, Vanja Morisbak, Nacim Haddad, Francesco Guescini, Emre Celebi, Oliver Ricken, Nan Lu, Urmila Soldevila Serrano, Nick Barlow, Barry King, Liqing Zhang, Vincenzo Canale, Hannah Arnold, Darren Temple, Corinne Goy, Jaehoon Yu, Victor Maleev, Karl Jakobs, Denis Oliveira Damazio, James Boyd, Joern Christian Lange, Alexander David Sherman, Maximiliano Sioli, Marco Delmastro, Walter Hopkins, Laurence Anthony Spiller, Else Lytken, Stephen Lloyd, Andres Pacheco Pages, Pierfrancesco Butti, Yoshinobu Unno, Francesco Conventi, Stefania Spagnolo, Eitan Gozani, Petr Balek, Fabrizio Miano, Dominique Pallin, Eilam Gross, Marco Schioppa, Bo Liu, Georgios Iakovidis, Daniela Boerner, Mariya Shiyakova, Albert Olariu, Hideyuki Oide, Jorge L. Lopez, Dugan O'Neil, Simon Berlendis, Evgeniy Khramov, Jan Jongmanns, Carlo Enrico Pandini, Sergei Malyukov, Fuqiang Wang, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Mikhail Demichev, Oleg Kuprash, Zuzana Blenessy, Giora Mikenberg, Peyton Rose, Baptiste Abeloos, Daniel Muenstermann, Thomas Philippe Calvet, Qipeng Hu, Yang Qin, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Hanlin Xu, Veysi Erkcan Ozcan, Andrea Ventura, Jemal Khubua, Priscilla Pani, Stephen Maxfield, Stephen Watts, Speranza Falciano, Gianluca Introzzi, George Zacharis, Hannah Herde, Daniel Rodriguez Rodriguez, Atanu Pathak, Roberto Iuppa, Efstathios Karentzos, Jiri Kroll, Stefan Rave, Ivan Sykora, Pavol Bartos, Andrew Beddall, Hatice Duran Yildiz, Helena Santos, Charles Young, Alberto Mengarelli, Timon Heim, Bertrand Laforge, Katsuo Tokushuku, Sylvain Blunier, Jonathan Long, Efe Yigitbasi, Marina Cobal, Michael Edward Nelson, Jiri Masik, Josh Mcfayden, Lawrence Lee, Andrea Bocci, Oleg Fedin, Robin Eamonn Long, Christos Leonidopoulos, Christopher Samuel Pollard, Jacob Martin Pasner, Robert Astalos, Emmanuel Monnier, Alexandru Hostiuc, Tom McCarthy, Marco Aurelio Lisboa Leite, Agni Bethani, Matteo Beretta, Paul Glaysher, Markus Schumacher, Benjamin Carlson, Fabian Thiele, Andrea Knue, Olivier Arnaez, Abraham Seiden, Xuan Zhang, Yuta Sano, Elliot Lipeles, Antonio Salvucci, Danilo Enoque Ferreira de Lima, Gabriele Bertoli, Laurent Schoeffel, Tomas Davidek, Sandrine Laplace, Mikhail Mineev, Oana Elena Vickey Boeriu, Rodger Mantifel, Mark Owen, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Ping-Kun Teng, Laura Rehnisch, Jan Stark, Ingo Bloch, Johann Collot, Arnaud Dubreuil, Andrew Pilkington, Vitaliano Chiarella, Bobby Samir Acharya, H. A. Neal, Andrey Ryzhov, Isabel Nitsche, Brian Le, Ryszard Stroynowski, Paul Nilsson, Anjishnu Bandyopadhyay, Simon George, Ferdinand Schenck, Tobias Bisanz, Tadej Novak, Malcolm Bruce Skinner, Remco Castelijn, M. Rescigno, Antonio Zoccoli, Tasneem Rashid, David Robert Wardrope, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Stamatios Gkaitatzis, Shuo Han, Isabel Marian Trigger, Krzysztof Wozniak, Cinzia Da Via, Givi Sekhniaidze, Juraj Smiesko, Franziska Iltzsche Speiser, Andrew Mehta, Guillaume Unal, Masahiko Saito, A. Artamonov, Daniela Bortoletto, Mauro Villa, Tetsuro Mashimo, Attilio Picazio, Nello Bruscino, Weiming Yao, Daiki Yamaguchi, Giorgi Arabidze, Robert Adam Vallance, José Silva, Kevin De Vasconcelos Corga, Masahiro Kuze, Luka Kanjir, Peter Charles Mcnamara, Peter Johannes Falke, Ahmed Hasib, Simon Lin, Anum Qureshi, Christian Schmitt, Shogo Kido, Andrey Kamenshchikov, Edith Knoops, Tamara Vazquez Schroeder, Ehud Duchovni, Mario Antonelli, Amir Farbin, Alexander Paramonov, Nuno Filipe Castro, Haifeng Li, Luigi Marchese, Nicola Abraham, Rongkun Wang, Luis Flores Castillo, R. Zhang, Robert Reed, John Hill, Jahred Adelman, Alain Bellerive, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Damian Alvarez Piqueras, Masato Aoki, Andrej Filipcic, Qi Zeng, Jose Guillermo Panduro Vazquez, Tobias Golling, Adam Bailey, T. Scanlon, Henry Lubatti, Jacobus Van Nieuwkoop, Philippe Luc Yves Gris, Andrea Gabrielli, Callum Robert Kilby, Marta Maria Perego, Evgeny Starchenko, Raquel Pezoa, Louis D'eramo, Dario Barberis, Mykhailo Lisovyi, Cong Peng, Huacheng Cai, Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou, Peter Sherwood, P. Skubic, Lydia Roos, Kazuya Mochizuki, Reiner Hauser, Peter Love, Bertrand Martin dit Latour, Alessandra Betti, Daniel Levin, Torsten Paul Ake Åkesson, Mateusz Dyndal, Julia Mariana Iturbe Ponce, Takashi Mitani, Martin Spangenberg, Dengfeng Zhang, Anna Lipniacka, Christian Ohm, Maria Ines Abreu Juliao Ochoa De Castro, Francesco Ragusa, Vit Vorobel, Lydia Brenner, Ruchika Nayyar, Karl Heinz Hiller, Mathieu Benoit, Carlos Sandoval Usme, Jason Dhia Mansour, Yuji Yamazaki, Lewis James Armitage, James Pilcher, Nedaa Asbah, Stylianos Angelidakis, Janusz Chwastowski, Sharka Todorova-Nova, Benedetto Giacobbe, Christopher Martin, Fumiya Yamane, Christian Grefe, Robert Johannes Langenberg, Dominik Derendarz, Robert Blair, Johan Sebastian Bonilla, Ariel Schwartzman, David Vazquez Furelos, Nikita Smirnov, Julien-christopher Beyer, Michael David Werner, Ioannis Nomidis, Arnaud Ferrari, Yan Wing Ng, Soeren Prell, Marcia Begalli, Qun Ouyang, Elmar Ritsch, Verena Herget, Giuseppe Callea, Wouter Van Den Wollenberg, Leonor Cerda Alberich, Matthias Saimpert, James Catmore, Ina Carli, Felix Rauscher, Dilip Jana, Nikolaos Tsirintanis, Ewelina Lobodzinska, Giovanna Cottin, Masahiro Yamatani, Peter Schacht, Pavel Starovoitov, Bernhard Meirose, L. S. Ancu, Cristiano David Sebastiani, Victor Sorin Martoiu, Takanori Kono, Timothy Brooks, Michael David Beattie, John Penwell, Kalliopi Iordanidou, Xiaoguang Yue, David Dodsworth, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, Barbara Wosiek, Shaun Roe, Haijun Yang, Olga Rezanova, Samuel Calvet, Simonetta Gentile, Bruce Gallop, Remi Lafaye, Tal Roelof Van Daalen, Petr Andreevich Gorbounov, Shota Suzuki, Radim Slovak, Veronika Magerl, Liron Barak, Michael Hance, Aaron Angerami, Alejandro Alonso, Martin Nagel, Eduardo Valdes Santurio, Nansi Andari, Lianyou Shan, Richard Nisius, Minghui Liu, Igor Aleksandrov, Marc Geisen, Imran Yusuff, Gregor Kramberger, Christina Potter, Alexander Undrus, Ioannis Gkialas, Milena Bajic, Takashi Kubota, Raphael Vuillermet, Martina Javurkova, Claudia Glasman, Weimin Song, Calum Michael Macdonald, Simon Henry Connell, Tatsuya Masubuchi, Yoshiji Yasu, Yoram Rozen, F. Luehring, Melissa Ridel, Antonia Struebig, Johannes Erdmann, Alexey Myagkov, Luc Poggioli, Mohamad Kassem Ayoub, Santiago Juan Batista, Stewart Patrick Swift, Justas Zalieckas, Gideon Bella, Rui Wang, Aviv Ruben Cukierman, Yuta Okazaki, Yann Coadou, John Wilson, Faig Ahmadov, Karishma Sekhon, Konstantin Toms, Yuri Kulchitsky, Peter Berta, Miroslav Myska, Dimitris Varouchas, Blake Burghgrave, Tim Michael Heinz Wolf, Tova Ray Holmes, Frederik Ruehr, Ljiljana Morvaj, Antonio De Maria, Marjorie Shapiro, Soshi Tsuno, Tony Kwan, Tulin Varol, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Michal Suk, Maximilian Goblirsch-Kolb, Gregor Gessner, Baishali Dutta, Tobias Kupfer, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Manolis Dris, Gabriel Palacino, Juergen Kroseberg, Christian Heinz, Antonio Sidoti, Ian Hinchliffe, Despoina Sampsonidou, Peter Steinberg, Sergey Timoshenko, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Malik Aliev, Stephen Jacob Sekula, Susumu Terada, Halina Abramowicz, Ksenia Gasnikova, Vladimir Smakhtin, Andreas Kugel, Mitsuaki Nozaki, Monica Dunford, Magnar Kopangen Bugge, Kayla Dawn McLean, Kota Kasahara, Andreas Salzburger, Michael Kobel, Evangelos Gazis, Sara Ghasemi, Sebastien Rettie, Amal Vaidya, Alessandro Mirto, Philippe Mermod, Alexander Sakharov, Markus Elsing, Carlo Alberto Gottardo, Patrick Czodrowski, Jeffrey Rogers Dandoy, Jun Guo, Lee Sawyer, Osamu Sasaki, Yusheng Wu, Sara Strandberg, Jiri Kvita, Lucas Macrorie Flores, Victoria Jane Martin, Francesco Lanni, Adam Jackson Parker, Cecile Deterre, John Alison, Sara Valentinetti, Nikolai Fomin, Kerry Ann Parker, Michel Vetterli, Heidi Sandaker, Akshay Katre, Guangyi Zhang, Andreas Hoecker, Gregorio Bernardi, Mark Kruse, Sten Hellman, Changqiao Li, Douglas Benjamin, Steve Muanza, Nataliia Zakharchuk, Wouter Verkerke, Lorenzo Rinaldi, Michael Huebner, Elin Bergeaas Kuutmann, Adele Rimoldi, Karsten Koeneke, Jeannine Wagner-kuhr, Daniel Whiteson, Bradley Cox, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Ryne Michael Carbone, Karel Smolek, Herman H.J. ten Kate, Brinick Simmons, Louise Heelan, Daniel Froidevaux, Fabio Tresoldi, Davide Melini, Frank Winklmeier, Emily Charlotte Graham, James Mueller, Junichi Tanaka, Manuel Simon, Bijan Haney, Ilya Korolkov, Zhiqing Zhang, Pavel Podberezko, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Stanislav Tokár, Manuela Venturi, Babar Ali, Tracey Berry, Ilkay Turk Cakir, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Yumeng Cao, Tim Martin, Bernhard Matthias Flierl, Kerstin Tackmann, Pawel Bruckman de Renstrom, Natasha Lee Woods, Arely Cortes-Gonzalez, Alexander Milov, Monica Dobre, Koji Nakamura, Felix Fidelio Klitzner, D. Su, Rhys Edward Owen, Torre Wenaus, Eric Edward Corrigan, Arturo Rodolfo Sanchez Pineda, Riccardo de Asmundis, Tae Min Hong, Steven Goldfarb, J. 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Kass, Stephen Albert Weber, Jacob Julian Kempster, Zdenek Hubacek, Stephan Hageboeck, Daniel Tovey, Riccardo Poggi, Marco Bruschi, David South, Henrik Oppen, Jing Wang, Juraj Bracinik, Michael Ughetto, Giorgio Chiarelli, Lingshan Xu, Stanislav Suchek, Sergio Calvente Lopez, James Frost, Emily Nurse, Elizabeth Gallas, Jianbei Liu, Pier-Olivier Deviveiros, Jonas Strandberg, David Malon, Stefan Guindon, Anna Kaczmarska, Pietro Albicocco, Siarhei Harkusha, Eric Hayato Takasugi, Jelena Krstic, Felix Socher, Michal Svatos, Nimrod Taiblum, Yuji Minegishi, Iacopo Vivarelli, Evgeny Soldatov, Reda Tafirout, Klaus Kurt Desch, Richard Nickerson, Julia Hrdinka, Sanmay Ganguly, Thomas Naumann, Benedict Allbrooke, Alexandre Glazov, Francisco Alonso, Saminder Dhaliwal, Riccardo-Maria Bianchi, Joseph Izen, Arnaud Lucotte, Nicolas Viaux Maira, David Freeborn, Liza Mijović, E. Torrence, Evelyn Thomson, Ben Smart, Augusto Santiago Cerqueira, Dmytro Hohov, Alexander Kupco, Edoardo Gorini, Johannes Elmsheuser, Klaudia Burka, Anna Di Ciaccio, Fabrizio Scuri, Sergey Peleganchuk, Filipp Dubinin, Gaetano Barone, P. Giromini, Juan Antonio Valls Ferrer, Alexander Khodinov, Chiara Roda, Michaela Queitsch-Maitland, Laurent Duflot, Nicolin Govender, Rustem Ospanov, Hongbo Zhu, Marilea Reale, Veronica Wallangen, Claire Bourdarios, Tommaso Lari, Todd Brian Huffman, Yun Tian, Mark Slater, Daniil Ponomarenko, Pierre-Francois Giraud, Ian Dawson, Chav Chhiv Chau, Christopher Meyer, Zoya Karpova, Ki Lie, Mark Oreglia, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Christopher J. Hayes, Aaron White, Andrea Formica, Ruslan Mashinistov, Alessandra Ciocio, K. Sliwa, Li Zhou, Venetios Polychronakos, Benjamin Brunt, Arthur Rene Chomont, Daniele Zanzi, Francesco De Lorenzi, Thomas James Stevenson, Ian Connelly, Stephanie Pui Yan Yuen, Johannes Josef Junggeburth, Kenji Hamano, Masahiro Tanaka, John Baines, Sergei Chekanov, Stephanie Zimmermann, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Per Werner, Mazin Khader, Djordje Sijacki, Catrin Bernius, Thomas Malte Spieker, Jan Thomas Kuechler, Christian Bohm, Lorenzo Bellagamba, David William Casper, Yang Heng, Paul Miyagawa, Bill Murray, Laura Fabbri, Konstantin Zhukov, Chariclia Petridou, Natascha Savic, Andre Sopczak, Brian Thomas Amadio, Antonio Miucci, Gunnar Jakel, Juan Cristobal Rivera Vergara, Grzegorz Gach, Noemi Calace, Camilla Di Donato, Wen Guo, Werner Wiedenmann, Peter Vankov, Catalin Agheorghiesei, Yasuyuki Horii, Tristan Beau, Howard Gordon, Marcel Weirich, Joany Andreina Manjarres Ramos, Alexey Ezhilov, Giuseppe Avolio, Leszek Adamczyk, Steven Schramm, Michela Biglietti, Emanuele Cavallaro, Julia Lynne Gonski, Miroslav Havranek, Orhan Cakir, Alexander Mann, Michela Paganini, Michael Bender, Sergey Burdin, Dmitry Emeliyanov, Yasuhiro Makida, Siyuan Sun, Steve McMahon, Robert Gardner, Joaquin Hoya, Zachary Michael Schillaci, Martin Spousta, Kentaro Kawade, Morad Aaboud, Florian Bauer, Christoph Falk Anders, Maike Christina Hansen, Emily Marie Duffield, Valerio Ippolito, Polina Nechaeva, Tingting Cao, Marco Valente, Rafael Goncalves Gama, Luis Filipe Oleiro Seabra, Marc Escalier, Victor Solovyev, Alyssa Montalbano, Jonathan Butterworth, Sergey Chekulaev, Kohei Yorita, Cristinel Diaconu, Giacomo Polesello, Andree Robichaud-Veronneau, Kirill Grevtsov, Alfred Goshaw, Roman Lysak, Christoph Eckardt, Kun Liu, Federico Meloni, Carolyn Bertsche, Javier Montejo Berlingen, Andrea Catinaccio, Ilaria Luise, Luis March Ruiz, Jason Lea Oliver, Robert Kehoe, Renat Sadykov, David Martin Bjergaard, Mutsuto Hagihara, Alexander Bogdanchikov, Marco Vanadia, Yanwen Liu, Koichi Nagai, Patricia Conde Muiño, Norman Gee, Marcin Pawel Guzik, Peter Loch, Jan Kretzschmar, Miriam Diamond, Yanhui Ma, Miguel Arratia, Miguel Villaplana Perez, Didier Lacour, Ondrej Penc, Ka Wa Tsang, Francesco Rubbo, Djamel Eddine Boumediene, Noam Hod, Pavel Tsiareshka, Stefan Schmitt, C. Dallapiccola, Philippe Farthouat, Emily McDonald, Andrei Akimov, Mahmoud Alstaty, Shih-Chang Lee, Ourania Sidiropoulou, Philipp Horn, Eric Drechsler, Leigh Schaefer, Thilo Pauly, Hideki Okawa, Soumya Mohapatra, Gerhard Brandt, Brian Edward Lindquist, Azzah Aziz Alshehri, Loan Truong, Marcel Vreeswijk, Frederic Derue, Zeno Dixon Greenwood, Jeroen Schouwenberg, Andrew Buckley, Marumi Kado, Fred Wickens, Chikara Fukunaga, Jean-Francois Arguin, Fares Djama, Stanley Lai, Cristina Galea, Jonathan Thomas Burr, Antonio Onofre, Bin Gui, Edoardo Maria Farina, Calliope Louisa Sotiropoulou, Fernando Barreiro, Robert Stanek, Tomas Kosek, Lorenzo Massa, Adam Trzupek, Aaron Taylor, Emilio Higón-Rodriguez, Christopher Bock, Kevin Black, Alexei Soloshenko, Anne Marie Sickles, Kevin Daniel Finelli, William Keaton Balunas, Daniel Guest, Ashutosh Kotwal, Christopher Hawkes, Alexey Zhemchugov, Michele Faucci Giannelli, Dms Sultan, Katja Hannele Mankinen, Igor Mandić, Thomas Daniel Weston, Ning Zhou, Andrey Sapronov, Nicolas Berger, Sebastien Prince, Swagato Banerjee, Shunsuke Adachi, Fernando Monticelli, Wenhao Xu, Elena Yatsenko, Peter Krieger, Lluisa-Maria Mir, Mika Huhtinen, Julien Maurer, David Olivier Jamin, Anna Kathryn Duncan, Bernardo Sotto-Maior Peralva, Jue Chen, Manuella Vincter, Yoichi Ninomiya, Marc Weber, Torbjoern Moa, Eleonora Benhar Noccioli, Davide Costanzo, Biagio Di Micco, Peng Huo, Lara Hannan Mason, William Mickael Barbe, Jonatan Rosten, Mark Stockton, Yoichi Ikegami, Marco Battaglia, L. La Rotonda, Mauro Citterio, Guillermo Nicolas Hamity, Alessandro Calandri, Vincent Croft, Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard, Emmerich Kneringer, Donatella Cavalli, U. Mallik, Katherine Pachal, Nils Ruthmann, Hidetoshi Otono, Jared David Little, Cheuk Yee Lo, Oleg Bulekov, Bartosz Sebastian Dziedzic, Christoph Amelung, Paolo Iengo, Rachel Rosten, Julia Fischer, Huan Ren, E. L. Barberio, Katharina Bianca Jakobi, Max Fredrik Isacson, Fabricio Andres Jimenez Morales, Judita Mamuzic, Yona Oren, Thorsten Wengler, Konstantinos Ntekas, Alexey Talyshev, Vladimir Cindro, Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin, Ulrike Schnoor, Aaron James Armbruster, Hyungsuk Son, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Theodoros Georgio Zorbas, Robert Richter, Thomas Koffas, Angel Campoverde, Christian Gumpert, Benjamin Trocmé, Michael Begel, Minoru Hirose, P. Chang, Viktor Kramarenko, Abhishek Sharma, Antonio Sbrizzi, Daniel Isaac Narrias Villar, Kelby Anderson, Eloi Le Quilleuc, Jan Schaeffer, Simon Molander, Troels Petersen, Yahya Tayalati, Eric Buschmann, Ziyu Guo, Marc-Andre Pleier, Nikolaos Rompotis, Ghita Rahal, Ruth Poettgen, William Kennedy Di Clemente, Mark Andrew Pickering, Aine Kobayashi, Paolo Bagnaia, Antoine Marzin, Gen Kawamura, Enrico Pasqualucci, Roberto Ferrari, Anna Sfyrla, Matthew Gignac, Samuel Joseph Crawley, Yuya Kano, Paola Giannetti, Ayda Beddall, Andrea Gaudiello, Wolfgang Wagner, Andrej Gorišek, Ruchi Gupta, Craig Blocker, Gregor Herten, Luciano Manhaes de Andrade Filho, Frank Filthaut, Paolo Mastrandrea, Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, Pavel Reznicek, Hongtao Yang, Chiara Meroni, Bruce Yabsley, Kazuki Yajima, Satoshi Higashino, Patrick Puzo, Alessandra Camplani, Elzbieta Banas, Ligang Xia, Ryunosuke Iguchi, Matteo Cavalli-Sforza, Alevtina Shmeleva, Davide Caforio, Vadim Gratchev, Elisabetta Pianori, Xuai Zhuang, Samira Hassani, Daniel Bullock, James Robinson, Ole Røhne, Adi Ashkenazi, Frank Siegert, Judith Katzy, Yaquan Fang, Patrick Rieck, Kirill Prokofiev, Andrei Salnikov, Frederic Deliot, Tancredi Carli, Roberto Cardarelli, Roland Jansky, Jose Luis La Rosa Navarro, Bruno Galhardo, Peter Tornambe, Yan Benhammou, Andrea Sciandra, Peter Jenni, Graziano Bruni, Akanksha Vishwakarma, Philippe Schune, Brian Cole, Mark Levy, Daniel Turgeman, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Marija Marjanovic, Akshat Puri, Fangzhou Zhang, Michael Schernau, Clement Camincher, Benedetto Gorini, Wenxiao Wang, Erich Varnes, David Lynn, Richard Keeler, Rob Roy MacGregor Fletcher, Ciwake Yusufu Shehu, Ingo Burmeister, Alessandra Forti, Vincent Pascuzzi, Yu Zhang, Xiangyang Ju, Yufeng Wang, K. Loew, Serhat Istin, Samuel Meehan, Gabriele Sabato, Francesco Giuli, Antonios Leisos, Joost Vossebeld, Fabrizio Petrucci, Yi Jiang, Camilla Vittori, John Myers, Claude Leroy, Rafal Staszewski, Joshua Wyatt Smith, Chihiro Kozakai, Fairouz Malek, Steven Robertson, Laura Jean Bergsten, Kristin Lohwasser, Roberto Spighi, Sylvain Tisserant, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jennet Dickinson, Philipp Stolte, Pedro Urrejola, Carlos Escobar, Geoffrey Mullier, Douglas Davis, Toshi Sumida, Takuto Kunigo, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Ikuo Ueda, D. M. Strom, Steven Patrick Alkire, Tatsuo Kawamoto, Frued Braren, David Rousseau, Serban Protopopescu, Igor Boyko, Kelsey O'Connor, Craig Wiglesworth, Andy Haas, Laser Seymour Kaplan, Till Eifert, Grigori Rybkin, Ana Maria Henriques Correia, Abner Soffer, George Victor Andrei, Evelin Meoni, Lily Asquith, Marco Milesi, Andrew Mark Wharton, Lorenzo Rossini, Marcelo Ayumu Nomura, Ivan Angelozzi, Stefan Stonjek, Maria Aline Barros do Vale, Mark Hodgkinson, Alena Loesle, Jiri Chudoba, Amy Selvi Tee, Jens Weingarten, Robert Wolff, Tomoya Iizawa, Alan Peyaud, Magda Anna Chelstowska, Tony Liss, David Miller, Simone Sottocornola, Loic Valery, Knut Zoch, Enrico Junior Schioppa, Carl Gwilliam, Debarati Roy, Henso Abreu, Henrik Ohman, Evangelos Leonidas Gkougkousis, Pierre Marc Luzi, Juan Antonio Aguilar Saavedra, Paolo Calafiura, Xin Chen, Alexander Solodkov, Yun-Ju Lu, Lauren Tompkins, Olga Bessidskaia Bylund, Sascha Mehlhase, Sergii Raspopov, Cyril Becot, Elvira Rossi, Matthew Edgar LeBlanc, Adriaan Koenig, Irena Nikolic-Audit, Cunfeng Feng, Yasushi Nagasaka, Boris Lemmer, R. J. Hawkings, Dave Lewis, Dave Robinson, Tibor Zenis, Matt Zhang, William Trischuk, Yury Tikhonov, Evangelos Kourlitis, Ioannis Maznas, Robert Francis Hunter, Dmitriy Maximov, David Michael Handl, Ilia Ravinovich, Yi Chen, Teresa Lenz, Dirk Sammel, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Katharina Behr, R. Bartoldus, Michael Tuts, Kazunori Hanagaki, Benjamin Philip Nachman, Chen Zhou, Dongliang Zhang, Rotem Barnea, Artem Maevskiy, Dimitrios Fassouliotis, George Redlinger, Toshiaki Kaji, Eirik Gramstad, Claire Antel, Nils Krumnack, Farkhad Khalil-zada, MarioPaolo Giordani, Jørgen Beck Hansen, Elias Sideras Haddad, Charles Leggett, Thu Pham, Fabian Huegging, O. Dale, Kouta Onogi, Jared Gregory Vasquez, Anthony Keith Morley, Lorenz Hauswald, Peter Wagner, Atsuhiko Ochi, James Howarth, Jozsef Toth, Elena Korolkova, Carla Sbarra, Stephen Haywood, Sotirios Vlachos, Walter Lampl, Edward Moyse, Masahiro Ikeno, Vladimir Vinogradov, Ece Akilli, Nikiforos Nikiforou, Kaven Yau, Gabriel Stoicea, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Maria Del Mar Capeans Garrido, Andy Parker, Helge Christoph Beck, Oxana Smirnova, Konstantinos Bachas, Pascal Pralavorio, Lamberto Luminari, Vakhtang Kartvelishvili, Gabriella Sciolla, Tim Jones, Giuseppe Mornacchi, Joao Saraiva, Louis Fayard, Benoit Lefebvre, Thorwald Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Otilia Anamaria Ducu, Savanna Marie Shaw, Santiago González de la Hoz, Tomoyuki Saito, Francesco Armando Di Bello, Ricardo Piegaia, Danijela Bogavac, Tadeusz Kowalski, Tina Sfiligoj, Tomas Slavicek, Martin-Stefan Barisits, Wainer Vandelli, Petar Kevin Rados, German David Carrillo Montoya, Rute Costa Batalha Pedro, R Dean Schamberger, Juan Fuster, Steffen Staerz, Per Olov Joakim Gradin, J. Jimenez Pena, Jean-Francois Laporte, Andrew Blue, Christian Johnson, Lidia Dell'Asta, Junya Usui, Fabrice Hubaut, Kyungeon Choi, Laurent Vacavant, Giancarlo Spigo, and Kathleen Whalen
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atlas detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, State (functional analysis), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A search for a heavy neutral Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and another heavy Higgs boson, H, is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb(-1) from ...
Published: 2018
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38. Effect of Medium Composition on Cell Growth and Product Formation in Clostridium autoethanogenum Culture

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Soeun Park, and Ahn Bohye
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Ethanol, chemistry, biology, Biofuel, Microorganism, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Ethanol fuel, Fructose, Fermentation, Acetogen, Food science, biology.organism_classification
Abstract: In this work, optimization of the culture medium in the fermentation process of Clostridium autoethanogenum, an acetogenic microorganism, to produce ethanol from synthesis gas, was examined to improve the ethanol production. The components of culture medium, such as fructose, $NH_4Cl$ , and $K_2H...
Published: 2018
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39. Performance Characterization of Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatography-based Biosensors for Biodefense, Exemplified by Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spores

Author: Young-Kee Kim, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Seung-Mok Han, Se-Hwan Paek, Young-Wan Kim, and Hee-Bok Oh
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Biomedical Engineering, Bacillus, Bioengineering, Monoclonal antibody, 01 natural sciences, Colorimetry (chemical method), law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemiluminescence, Detection limit, Chromatography, biology, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Bacillus anthracis, Paper chromatography, Biosensor, Biotechnology
Abstract: Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), the causative agent of anthrax disease, is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium which can be used as a threatening bioterrorism agent. We developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-on-a-chip biosensors for rapid, sensitive analysis of B. anthracis spores based on two-dimensional, cross-flow chromatography. In order to establish optimal assay conditions, a polyclonal antibody and four monoclonal antibodies against B. anthracis were raised and examined to characterize their analytical sensitivity as well as specificity. The biosensor results showed that a monoclonal antibody pair not only offered a relatively low detection limit for B. anthracis compared to other antibody combinations, but also displayed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms belonging to the Bacillus genus. For detection of ELISA enzyme signal (e.g., horseradish peroxidase), chemiluminescent detection in combination with cooled charge-coupled device enhanced the sensor performance in terms of assay time, compared to that achieved by colorimetry. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor was able to detect a minimum threshold of 5×103 and 5×102 spores/mL for two different B. anthracis strains, NCCP 12860 (Sterne) and NCCP 10666 (Haman #1), respectively. Furthermore, the chemiluminometric sensor was minimally affected by the presence of potential interferents in samples such as baby powder, skim milk, and sucrose, indicating its potential utility for the analysis of bioterrorism agents directly in the field.
Published: 2018
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40. Biocomposites Using Whole or Valuable Component-Extracted Microalgae Blended with Polymers: A Review

Author: Gyu Min Kim, Won-Seok Chang, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: biocomposites, bioplastics, Chemistry, biomass, biopolymer, microalgae, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Catalysis
Abstract: Global demand for plastics has increased steadily alongside industrial development. Despite their versatility and convenience, environmental pollution caused by plastics are a major issue. With a reduction in the market size of plastics being seemingly impossible, bioplastics may become key to tackle this issue. Among a wide range of sources of bioplastics, microalgae have come into the limelight. While abundant and valuable components in microalgae have the potential to replace preexisting plastics, complex processes and low cost performances have prevented them from entering the market. In this study, we examined techniques for biocomposites in which polymers are blended with microalgae. We focused on microalgae-based biocomposite blending processed from the perspective of functionality and cost performance.
Published: 2021
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41. Liberalism and Perfectionism

Author: Young-kee Kim
Subjects: Liberalism, Perfectionism (philosophy), media_common.quotation_subject, Psychology, Social psychology, Autonomy, media_common
Published: 2017
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42. Suppression of green mold disease on oak mushroom cultivation by antifungal peptides

Author: 김영기 ( Young-kee Kim )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 원목과 톱밥배지에서 푸른곰팡이의 오염과 성장은 표고버섯의 생장을 심하게 저해할 수 있다. 표고버섯 재배에서 푸른곰팡이 병의 방제를 위하여 농약과 항생제와 같은 화학 약품의 사용은 일반적으로 허용되지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 푸른곰팡이병의 방제를 위하여 느타리버섯에서 갈반병을 일으키는 세균성 병원균을 분리하고 이들의 펩티드 독소를 분리하였다. Pseudomonastolaasii 균주들은 항진균 활성을 갖는 톨라신 및 이와 구조적유사체인 다양한 펩티드 독소를 분비한다. 이러한 펩티드들은 표고버섯의 생장에는 영향을 주지 않는다는 것이 알려져 있다. 펩티드 독소들을 Trichoderma harzianum H1 푸른곰팡이에 처리하였을 때, 푸른곰팡이의 성장을 저해하였다. 펩티드를 분비하는 20 종의 P. tolaasii 균주 중에서 강, 중, 약의 항진균 활성을 가진 균주의 수는 각각 8, 5, 7 종으로 나타났다. 표고버섯을 재배하는 동안에, 펩티드 독소를 함유한 세균 배양액에서 세균을 제거한 배양원액을 톱밥배지 표면에 자란 푸른곰팡이 균사에 분무하였다. 배양원액은 푸른곰팡이의 성장은 억제할 수 있는 반면, 표고버섯 생장과 생산에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 펩티드 독소를 함유하는 배양원액은 곰팡이의 흰색 균사체를 노란색의 마른 딱지로 변화시켰고, 이것은 펩티드 독소가 강력한 항진균 활성과 살균 활성을 갖고 있음을 보여준다.
Published: 2017
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43. Enhancement of biodiesel production in Chlorella vulgaris cultivation using silica nanoparticles

Author: Soeun Park, Hong-Seop Jeon, Young-Kee Kim, and Bohye Ahn
Subjects: Mass transfer coefficient, 020209 energy, Chlorella vulgaris, Biomedical Engineering, Nanoparticle, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Silica nanoparticles, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biodiesel production, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mass transfer rate, Industrial and production engineering, Fatty acid methyl ester, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biotechnology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Silica nanoparticles were synthesized and used to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer rate in a CO2/water system. Using silica (SiO2) and methyl-functionalized silica (SiO2-CH3) nanoparticles, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) increased by 31 and 145%, respectively. SiO2 and SiO2-CH3 nanoparticles were applied in Chlorella vulgaris culture to enhance the growth of microalgae for lipid production. The highest dry cell weight of C. vulgaris (1.49 g/L) was obtained by addition of SiO2-CH3 nanoparticles, compared to the control (0.48 g/L). Also, maximum productivity (1.005 g/L/day) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in C. vulgaris culture was obtained by introducing SiO2-CH3 nanoparticles. Dry cell weight and FAME productivity increased 210 and 610%, respectively, with the addition of 0.2 wt% SiO2-CH3 nanoparticles.
Published: 2017
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44. Plastome Evolution and Phylogeny of Orchidaceae, With 24 New Sequences

Author: Ki Joong Kim, Min Jung Joo, Ja Ram Hong, Sangjin Jo, Young Kee Kim, Myounghai Kwak, and Se Hwan Cheon
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Lecanorchis, Dactylorhiza, Epidendroideae, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:SB1-1110, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae, plastome evolution, Original Research, genome rearrangement, biology, Galearis, Vanilloideae, Apostasioideae, Correction, gene loss, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, IR contraction/expansion
Abstract: In order to understand the evolution of the orchid plastome, we annotated and compared 124 complete plastomes of Orchidaceae representing all the major lineages in their structures, gene contents, gene rearrangements, and IR contractions/expansions. Forty-two of these plastomes were generated from the corresponding author's laboratory, and 24 plastomes-including nine genera (Amitostigma, Bulbophyllum, Dactylorhiza, Dipodium, Galearis, Gymnadenia, Hetaeria, Oreorchis, and Sedirea)-are new in this study. All orchid plastomes, except Aphyllorchis montana, Epipogium aphyllum, and Gastrodia elata, have a quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy (LSC), two inverted repeats (IRs), and a small single copy (SSC) region. The IR region was completely lost in the A. montana and G. elata plastomes. The SSC is lost in the E. aphyllum plastome. The smallest plastome size was 19,047 bp, in E. roseum, and the largest plastome size was 178,131 bp, in Cypripedium formosanum. The small plastome sizes are primarily the result of gene losses associated with mycoheterotrophic habitats, while the large plastome sizes are due to the expansion of noncoding regions. The minimal number of common genes among orchid plastomes to maintain minimal plastome activity was 15, including the three subunits of rpl (14, 16, and 36), seven subunits of rps (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 14), three subunits of rrn (5, 16, and 23), trnC-GCA, and clpP genes. Three stages of gene loss were observed among the orchid plastomes. The first was ndh gene loss, which is widespread in Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, and Epidendroideae, but rare in the Orchidoideae. The second stage was the loss of photosynthetic genes (atp, pet, psa, and psb) and rpo gene subunits, which are restricted to Aphyllorchis, Hetaeria, Hexalectris, and some species of Corallorhiza and Neottia. The third stage was gene loss related to prokaryotic gene expression (rpl, rps, trn, and others), which was observed in Epipogium, Gastrodia, Lecanorchis, and Rhizanthella. In addition, an intermediate stage between the second and third stage was observed in Cyrtosia (Vanilloideae). The majority of intron losses are associated with the loss of their corresponding genes. In some orchid taxa, however, introns have been lost in rpl16, rps16, and clpP(2) without their corresponding gene being lost. A total of 104 gene rearrangements were counted when comparing 116 orchid plastomes. Among them, many were concentrated near the IRa/b-SSC junction area. The plastome phylogeny of 124 orchid species confirmed the relationship of {Apostasioideae [Vanilloideae (Cypripedioideae (Orchidoideae, Epidendroideae))]} at the subfamily level and the phylogenetic relationships of 17 tribes were also established. Molecular clock analysis based on the whole plastome sequences suggested that Orchidaceae diverged from its sister family 99.2 mya, and the estimated divergence times of five subfamilies are as follows: Apostasioideae (79.91 mya), Vanilloideae (69.84 mya), Cypripedioideae (64.97 mya), Orchidoideae (59.16 mya), and Epidendroideae (59.16 mya). We also released the first nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA unit (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S-NTS-ETS) sequences for the 42 species of Orchidaceae. Finally, the phylogenetic tree based on the nrDNA unit sequences is compared to the tree based on the 42 identical plastome sequences, and the differences between the two datasets are discussed in this paper.
Published: 2020
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45. Basic Research Needs for High Energy Physics Detector Research & Development: Report of the Office of Science Workshop on Basic Research Needs for HEP Detector Research and Development: December 11-14, 2019

Author: Bonnie Fleming, Ian Shipsey, Marcel Demarteau, James Fast, Sunil Golwala, Young-Kee Kim, Abraham Seiden, James Hirschauer, Gabriella Sciolla, Ornella Palamara, Kate Scholberg, Jodi Cooley, Dan McKinsey, Clarence Chang, Brenna Flaugher, Sarah Demers, Monica Pepe-Altarelli, Francesco Lanni, Roger Rusack, Roxanne Guenette, Jocelyn Monroe, Lindley Winslow, Peter Krizan, Andrew Geraci, Kent Irwin, Gabriella Carini, Mitch Newcomer, Marina Artuso, Carl Haber, Darin Acosta, Tulika Bose, Michael Begel, Meenakshi Narain, Daniel Dwyer, Amy Connolly, Andrew Sonnenschein, Reyco Henning, Kyle Dawson, Laura Newburgh, Matthew Reece, Nicola Serra, Nural Akchurin, Sarah Eno, Paolo Rumerio, Renyuan Zhu, Jennifer Raaf, Andrea Pocar, Jonathan Asaadi, Hugh Lippincott, Graham Giovanetti, Adriana Lita, Felix Sefkow, Gretchen Campbell, Alexander Sushkov, Ronald Walsworth, Anna Grassellino, Angelo Dragone, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Terri Shaw, Julia Thom-Levy, Alessandro Tricoli, Petra Merkel, Wesley Ketchum, Jinlong Zhang, Paul O'Connor, Georgia Karagiorgi, Christie Ashton, Lali Chaterjee, Peter Lee, Donald Hornback, Helmut Marsiske, Michelle Shinn, Karen Byrum, Glen Crawford, Elaine Lessner, Donna Nevels, Gulshan Rai, Kathy Turner, and Randall Ruchti
Published: 2019
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46. Applicability of Natural Zeolite with Different Cation Exchange Capacity as In-situ Capping Materials for Adsorbing Heavy Metals

Author: Seong-Jik Park, Ku Kang, Young-Kee Kim, Weon-Ho Shin, and Seong-Gu Hong
Subjects: In situ, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Cation-exchange capacity, Heavy metals, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Zeolite, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2017
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47. Stabilization characteristics of metal ions in marine-contaminated sediments by recycled aggregate

Author: Woo-Seok Shin and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, Aggregate (composite), Chemistry, Stratigraphy, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Extraction (chemistry), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Sediment, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, Bioavailability, Metal, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Geotechnical engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Recycling and reusing of recycled aggregate (RA) is a significant contribution to environmental conservation for sustainable development. However, the recycling of RA is mainly limited to the use of road construction in low-specification applications. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of the stabilization (or immobilization) of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in marine-contaminated sediment by RA. Recycled aggregate was obtained by natural drying and grinding for use in the experiments. The RA was mixed with marine-contaminated sediment at 5 wt%. The amendments were applied in a wet-curing stabilization process for 5 months. For the stabilization, sequential extraction procedure, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), waste official test (WOT), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were adopted as the evaluating methods. The results were used to test for an in situ stabilization effect. The results showed that the marine-contaminated sediment was polluted by heavy metals such as Ni and Zn. From the results of sequential extraction, compared to raw sediment, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the residual fraction increased 16.9, 14.4, 12.7, and 5.0%, respectively, after 5 months of composite treatment. Moreover, after the stabilization treatment with RA, the bioavailability and eco-toxicity of the heavy metals were significantly reduced as the mobile, bioavailable heavy metal fractions were transformed into relatively stable (less bioavailable) fractions. Results indicated that RA treatments were effective in reducing the mobilization of heavy metals in marine-contaminated sediments. Overall, the results of this study suggest that RA can be recycled into an effective marine-contaminated sediment-stabilizing agent.
Published: 2017
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48. Isolation of bacteriophage-resistant Pseudomonas tolaasii strains and their pathogenic characters

Author: 김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ), 박수진 ( Soo-jin Park ), and 한지혜 ( Ji-hye Han )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Bacteriophage, 03 medical and health sciences, biology, 030106 microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, biology.organism_classification, Isolation (microbiology), Microbiology, Pseudomonas tolaasii
Abstract: 세균성 갈반병은 느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus)의 주된 병중의 하나이다. 박테리오파지를 이용한 파지테라피 방법은 병원균의 농도를 감소시켜 병없는 재배사를 만드는데 성공적이었다. 병원균 사멸을 위한 파지의 이용은 숙주균의 특이성 때문에 매우 제한적 효과를 보이며, 이것은 병원균의 작은 변이에도 파지의 민감성은 크게 감소할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 파지테라피의 효용성을 높이기 위하여 갈반병의 원인균인 P. tolaasii 균주로부터 파지-저항성 변이주를 분리하였고 병원성 특성을 조사하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석을 통한 근연관계분석에서 파지저항성 균주들은 모두 원래의 숙주균과 일치하였고, 용혈활성이나 갈반형성 능력 등 병원성은 파지저항성 획득과 관련이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 파지저항성 균주의 다양한 병원성은 균의 종류에 따라 증감이 다르게 나타났다. 따라서, 성공적인 파지테라피를 위해서는 넓은 숙주 범위를 갖는 파지의 분리가 필요하다.
Published: 2016
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49. Effects of Capping with Recycled Aggregates and Natural Zeolite on Inhibition of Contaminants Release from Marine Sediment

Author: Young-Kee Kim and Woo-Seok Shin
Subjects: Waste management, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, Zeolite, 01 natural sciences, Geology, Natural (archaeology), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2016
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50. Facilitation of tolaasin-induced hemolysis by phospholipids composed of medium-chain fatty acids

Author: Minhee Kim, Yeong-Bae Yun, and Young-Kee Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Stereochemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Fatty acid, Bioengineering, Tolaasin, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Hemolysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, medicine
Abstract: Tolaasin은 Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의해 생성되어 pore를 형성 하는 펩티드 독소이며, 인공재배 버섯의 막 구조를 파괴하여 갈 반병을 일으킨다. Tolaasin이 막에서 pore를 형성하는 기작이나 특성은 자세히 알려지지 않았으나, 인공 지질이중막에서 tolaasin 에 의한 pore 형성은 제시되었다. Tolaasin에 의한 지질막에서의 pore 형성은 드물게 나타났고, 형성된 pore는 불안정하기에 tolaasin pore의 길이와 지질막의 두께가 서로 일치하지 않을 수 있음이 제안되었다. 그러므로, 탄소수가 다른 지방산으로 이루어 진 인지질들을 첨가하여 tolaasin에 의한 용혈활성 변화를 측정하였다. 두 개의 decanoic acids (C10:0, 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoethanolamine; DDPE)와 myristic acids (C14:0, 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), stearic acids (C18:0, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)로 이루 어진 phosphatidylethanolamine들을 적혈구와 tolaasin 펩티드가 포함된 반응용액에 가했을 때, DDPE만이 tolaasin에 의한 용혈 활성을 촉진하였으며, 나머지 두 인지질은 효과를 보이지 않았다. DDPE를 다양한 농도로 처리하였을 때, tolaasin에 의한 용혈활성은 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. 중간길이의 지방산으로 구성된 인지질은 tolaasin pore 구조와 막지질 사이에 결합하여 pore 주변의 막을 얇게 함으로써 tolaasin pore를 안정화시킬 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구의 결과는 중간 크기의 지방산으로 구 성된 인지질이 tolaasin pore를 막 구조에서 안정화시킴으로써 활성을 증가시키며, 이것은 적혈구 막에서 tolaasin pore의 길이 가 막의 두께보다 조금 짧을 것이라는 사실을 제안한다.
Published: 2016
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