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Wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices share several features such as limited energy supply, low computing power, limited memory size, and vulnerable radio communication network. IETF proposed the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for this type of network. This paper presents implementation of CoAP into an embedded IoT device used for smart Energy Storage System (ESS) under microgrid environment. Confirmable message type was adopted to provide reliable communication. Since the frame size of IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer was limited to 127 bytes, the header of 6LoWPAN and UDP was compressed to reduce fragmentation and reassembly overhead. Performance of the communication service was tested by measuring round trip time between two end nodes of developed system.

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been becoming increasingly popular with the spread of mobile terminals including tablets and smart phones. D2D communication has received considerable attention due to its benefits of offloading cellular traffic and creating new applications such as location-aware services and content distribution. Recently, a new type of D2D communication, referred as “point-and-link communications”, was proposed to make establishing links between devices more intuitive and user-friendly. With this technique, a target device can be identified by simply choosing the target device image on the user's terminal display. In this paper, we propose an efficient object recognition algorithm for point and-link communications for mobile terminals. Considering the limited capabilities of mobile terminals, the algorithm should operate in real time with low complexity and low memory requirements. Due to the bandwidth limit, the feature size of each device must be lower than 300 bytes. The proposed algorithm was optimized for each type of target including faces, devices and signboards.

Toughness variations of sharp and blunt notches were studied. For the quantitative analysis of various particles, small-angle neutron scattering was conducted. Under the 1323 K (1050 °C), and the 1473 K/1323 K and 1473 K/1173 K (1200 °C/1050 °C and 1200 °C/900 °C) (high-temperature initial step and low-temperature final step) austenitizing conditions, the impact toughness underwent changes as follows: 30→30→43 J. In contrast, the fracture toughness underwent variations as follows: 90.5→120→114 MPa $$ \sqrt {\text{m}} $$ . Blunt- and sharp-notch toughness parameters were found to be mainly dependent on grain size and primary particles, respectively. The microstructural dependence of toughness with notch acuity is discussed in detail.

In this paper, a vertical probe card design for wafer-level mobile application processor (AP) chip test is proposed under LPDDR4 channel specifications. The probe card consists of a probe head and a multi-layer ceramic (MLC) board, and it is designed to have signal and power integrity to guarantee the wafer-level AP chips to be operated at 3.2 Gbps of speed under 1.1 V of supply voltage. We proposed insertion of additional ground cobra-shaped needles insertion in the probe head to reduce crosstalk noise and secure return current path. In the far-end crosstalk (FEXT) noise simulation and eye-diagram simulation, FEXT noise in the proposed probe head is suppressed 20 dB at 1.6 GHz, and the eye-open size is increased from 17.9 % to 83.3 % at 1.6 Gbps of speed. Measurements are also conducted and well correlated with the simulation results. In MLC board design, over 500 number of 1 uF decoupling capacitors are implemented on the top layer and the bottom side of the board to lower power distribution network (PDN) impedance. In addition, some power planes for LPDDR memory power supplies are repositioned to upper layers of the board. The PDN impedance curves of the memory power domains are lowered by nearly 20 dB at frequencies above the GHz range. To validate the proposed methods, the original and the revised probe card are compared in the frequency-and time-domain simulations. S-parameters of the probe head are extracted from 3-D EM simulation, and those of the MLC board are extracted from SIwave simulation. For exact eye-diagram simulations, eye-mask information and various conditions of LPDDR4 channel are referred to JEDEC standard.

From the heartwood of Lindera glauca Blume three new diarylpropanoids have been isolated and identified, which were named lindeglaucol, lindeglaucone, and lindeglaucoside A. Chipped heartwood was extracted repeatedly with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH) at room temperature, and the concentrated methanolic extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and H2O. From the EtOAc fraction, three new diarylpropanoids and a known chalconoid were isolated through repeated column chromatography with silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by interpretation of extensive spectroscopic data such as nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, and infrared. In addition, a known chalconoid, cilicicone B, was isolated for the first time from the heartwood of L. glauca.

Oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute significantly to the accelerated accumulation of advanced glycoxidation endproducts (AGEs) in collagen, which is implicated in the process of skin aging. Effectiveness of Actinidia chinensis, commonly called gold kiwifruit, in counteracting skin aging was investigated. Firstly, primary crude 70% ethanolic extracts of whole A. Chinensis, pulp, and rind were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activities and anti-glycation activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, and bovine serum albumin-derived glycation model. Result indicated that rind portion exhibited significantly (p

Background: Reports on the usefulness of serum markers for predicting liver necroinflammation are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the serum markers that predict significant inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C (CHC) and normal or mildly elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Methods: Two hundred twenty-seven patients with CHB or CHC with normal or mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (≤60 IU/L) were enrolled in this study. Significant inflammation was defined as inflammatory grade ≥3 activities using the Batt–Ludwig scoring system. The correlation between liver histology and serum markers of liver inflammation was analysed. Results: Forty-eight (21.1%) and eight patients (3.5%) had grade 3 and 4 inflammation respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, platelet coun, and AST, ALT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, hyaluronic acid, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1 and procollagen III N-terminal peptide levels were significantly different between the patients with and without significant inflammation. There were no significant differences in the cytokeratin-18 fragment levels between the two groups. On the basis of multivariate analysis, the AST and apolipoprotein A1 levels and stage of fibrosis were highly predictive of significant inflammation. Using AST and apolipoprotein cut-off values ≥44 IU/L and ≤100 ng/ml, respectively, the presence of significant inflammation was predicted with high specificity (96.5%) and with a negative predictive value of 76.3%. Conclusion: The AST and apolipoprotein A1 levels were shown to be independent predictors of significant inflammatory activities in patients with CHB and CHC and normal or mildly elevated aminotransferase levels.

This study aims at proposing and developing the coastal management policy tool package contingent upon coastal community circumstance so that coastal regional government may enhance the efficiency of coastal administration and reestablish the coastal region master plan systematically. The 8 coastal policy tools of the already-tested U. S. coastal region government will be utilized as the new alternative on behalf of the Korean coastal region government. According to the result of experts survey, these tools especially can be used effectively in the tourism, disaster, restoration, and scenary coastal function types. Although this study is exploratory, it will be expected to contribute as the basic survey results of the successive research and coastal region policy development in Korea.

One of causes of skin wrinkles may be the nonenzymatic glycation followed formation of browning products called advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), an irreversible cross-linked protein. The accu...

Unripe green apples contain condensed tannins at 10 times higher levels than ripe apples. Tannin not only has strong antioxidant activity, but also an astringent property. In this study, we investigated the effects of green apple rind (GAR) extracts in reducing facial pores and sebum secretion. Among the GAR extracts, the 70% ethanol GAR extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and tannin content. Hence, it was further fractionated with different solvents. Among these rind solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract (GAR-E) showed astringent activity. Additionally, it exhibited inhibitory effects on 5-α reductase, and induced type 1 collagen and involucrin synthesis. These results suggest that GAR-E can be applied in cosmetics to reduce facial pore size and sebum secretion.

Recently, 3GPP introduced QoS control architecture model to support QoS-enabled multimedia services such as VoIP. This model would be appropriate to apply the peer-to-peer services so that the procedure for the session establishment is quite a complicate to provide the connectivity between two parties. This paper proposes the QoS control architecture model using API for the support of streaming services, which is client-server service type. It is different from the peer-to-peer service type of VoIP. The paper will show the effectiveness and the simplicity of the proposed model to support streaming service. In addition either a Network operator or a (3rd party) service provider could own the streaming service server so that service openness may be easily achieved.

Primary renal malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor of the kidney. It is clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from a renal cell carcinoma. Even following radical surgery, the tumor shows a strong predilection for local recurrence and the prognosis is generally poor. We report on a 32-year-old man with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the kidney who remained free of recurrence for 1 year after radical nephrectomy.