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This study examines the factors affecting women officials' intention to leave their chosen sport, including personal, work-related, and sociocultural factors. The empirical analysis is based on survey data of women officials in 69 different sports across Europe (n = 3,214). Overall, 10.7% of women expressed a turnover intention. Regression analyses indicate that this intention is higher for women who have more officiating experience (16–20 years), officiate at lower levels of sport (grassroots, junior), frequently experience abuse, and dislike the stress and time commitments of officiating, lack of support from the federation, and their lack of opportunity to progress. Younger women (≤24 years) with a mentor, who enjoy being part of a sport community and live in a more gender equal society are less likely to leave. The findings suggest that multiple factors are at work, which need to be addressed by sport managers to retain women in officiating roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study characterizes attitudes and decision-making around the desire for future children in young women newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer and assesses how clinical factors and perceived risk may impact these attitudes. METHODS: This is a prospective study in women

The relationship between food insecurity and transactional sex is well recognized, but less is known about this relationship among adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 3,130 female secondary students aged 12-19 enrolled in a three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the association between food insecurity and transactional sex. The explanatory variable was food security and the outcome was ever engaging in transactional sex. Over one quarter (28.7%) reported any food insecurity and 1.9% of all participants (9.6% of sexually active participants) reported ever engaging in transactional sex. In adjusted models, ever experiencing any food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of ever transactional sex (PR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.49) compared to little to no food insecurity. These results provide insight into potential predictors of higher-risk sexual behavior in Rwanda; they also provide policy-makers with populations with whom to intervene on upstream determinants of transactional sex, notably poverty and food insecurity.

Young Filipino women are susceptible to engaging in toxic relationships. The socio-cultural development maintained throughout the years of conservative ideology in the Philippines has retained a hostile dynamic towards women, specifically in the intimate connection they share with their given sex. The researchers aim to explore traditional perspectives and the hierarchy of gender roles that contribute to the abuse of young women in the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines. Correspondingly, using a phenomenological approach, six (6) young Filipino women aged eighteen to twenty-five years (18-25) were gathered using the purposive sampling technique and then interviewed with a validated research tool. The findings showed a prevalence of social influences, expectations, tolerance, and manipulation as leading causes for remaining in a toxic relationship; all women engaged in specific coping mechanisms towards their partner to extend their connection. Identity and autonomy diminished throughout the relationships, with separation and a re-evaluation of self-worth being the process of healing. Significantly, their experience was unfortunate, yet they expressed that abuse is one of the means to maintain the established gender role of young Filipino women. Nevertheless, support groups and other coping strategies should persevere for life after the toxic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Improved breast cancer treatment has lengthened survival but also has long‐term impacts. Lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy are treatment‐related sequelae that extend into survivorship. Co‐occurrence of these conditions may further impair functional well‐being. Few studies have estimated the burden of these conditions among diverse survivors.Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase 3 enrolled survivors diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 in North Carolina. Black and younger women (aged <50 years at diagnosis) were oversampled. With the use of ≥10 years of follow‐up data, the prevalence of persistent lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, and their co‐occurrence was assessed. Prevalence differences (PDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed according to patient and disease characteristics.A total of 1688 survivors were included, with an average of 11.1 years (SD, 0.6) postdiagnosis. The prevalence of persistent lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, and their co‐occurrence was 18.7%, 27.7%, and 8.8%, respectively. Lymphedema was higher among those receiving a mastectomy and with >5 lymph nodes removed, and peripheral neuropathy was higher among women treated with taxane‐based chemotherapy. Co‐occurrence was higher among women with >5 lymph nodes removed (vs. <5; PD, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.1 to 8.8) and those treated with taxane‐based chemotherapy (vs. no chemotherapy; PD, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.9 to 9.7). The burden of lymphedema (PD, 2.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 6.3) and peripheral neuropathy (PD, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 9.9) was higher among Black than White women. The prevalence of lymphedema (PD, 1.8; 95% CI, −1.5 to 5.1) and peripheral neuropathy (PD, 4.6; 95% CI, 0.8 to 8.4) was elevated among younger compared to older women.Lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy affect a substantial proportion of survivors. Interventions are needed to reduce this burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions Body dissatisfaction is a public health concern, prevalent among women. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a 2‐week online functionality‐focused intervention combined with psychoeducation on improving body image among young women at both high and low risk of Body Image Disorders (BIDs).A randomized controlled trial was conducted among young women at high risk and low risk of developing BIDs.In total, 231 young women (n = 64 at high risk of BIDs) were randomized into: experimental (n = 113) and waitlist (n = 118) groups. The experimental group underwent the intervention at baseline (T0) for 15 days (T1), while the waitlist group started the intervention at T1 for 15 days (T2). Participants completed questionnaires about body and functionality appreciation, eating disorders (EDs) risk and extreme body dissatisfaction at baseline, 15 days from baseline and 30 days from baseline.Mixed linear models revealed enhancements in body and functionality appreciation post‐intervention for women at both high risk and low risk of BIDs. Reductions in EDs risk and body dissatisfaction were observed in participants at high risk.The intervention proves to be useful in promoting a positive body image (i.e. body and functionality appreciation) in women at both high and low risk of BIDs, while the results concerning the risk of developing EDs and extreme body dissatisfaction are more nuanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Perfect: feeling judged on social media: a roundtable discussion" by Rosalind Gill explores the experiences of young women on social media, focusing on the pressures of perfection and judgment they face. The research highlights the anxieties young women feel about being watched and judged, leading to intense feelings of anxiety and fear of making mistakes. The study also delves into the labor young women invest in maintaining their social media presence, as well as the emotional distress and mental health struggles they navigate in a visually dominated culture. The author aims to challenge stigmas around mental health and promote discussions on the structural and cultural factors influencing young people's well-being. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the gendered politics of "getting it wrong" on social media, focusing on the persistent critique of women being labeled as "fake." It explores how young women face hyper-scrutiny on platforms like Instagram and TikTok, leading to anxieties about meeting beauty standards and projecting authenticity. The text highlights the societal pressures and risks faced by women, especially those from marginalized communities, in navigating online spaces where authenticity policing is rampant. The author calls for a deeper understanding of gendered and sexualized disinformation as a form of digitally networked online abuse that aims to deter women from participating in the public sphere. [Extracted from the article]

In 2012, updated ASCCP management guidelines for abnormal cervical cytology recommended observation rather than immediate referral to colposcopy for low-grade abnormalities in women ages 21–24. We evaluated the impact of these guidelines on changes in colposcopy procedure rates among young women. We analyzed administrative and claims data from the largest statewide family planning program between July 2011 and June 2015. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we estimated changes in colposcopy procedure rates among women ages 21–24 years before and after the 2012 ASCCP management guidelines, relative to a comparison group of women ages 25–44. Our analysis included 333,977 women from 216 primary care provider sites. After publication of the 2012 ASCCP management guidelines, colposcopy rates significantly declined from 6.70% (95% CI 6.21–7.19) to 3.94% (95% CI 3.60–4.29) among women ages 21–24 and from 4.35% (95% CI 4.03–4.67) to 3.53% (3.25–3.80) among women over 24 years. These declines correspond to a 1.93 percentage point reduction (95% CI 1.62–2.25; p < 0.001) in colposcopy rate among women 21–24 vs. over 24 years, or a two-fold relative reduction. Among women ages 21–24, colposcopy receipt was associated with speaking primarily English vs. non-English (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35–1.57), having a cervical cytology test within the past year vs. not (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.44–1.66), and receiving care from a public vs. private provider (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.62). Colposcopy procedure rates among young women significantly declined following publication of the 2012 management guidelines, which has implications for reducing potential harms of overtreatment. • Colposcopy rates declined among young women after the 2012 ASCCP guidelines for management of abnormal cervical cytology. • Colposcopy among young women was associated with English language, recent screening test, and care from a public provider. • Findings have implications for reducing potential overtreatment among young women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusion Treatment‐related premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can result in early‐onset menopause and infertility.To assess the prevalence of goserelin use for POI prevention in women with cancer since it was listed by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in 2018 for this indication.This retrospective study included women aged 18–45 years who received curative‐intent alkylating chemotherapy for a malignancy between August 2020 and December 2022 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. The co‐primary end‐points were (i) documentation of a discussion with the patient regarding goserelin for POI prevention and (ii) prescription of goserelin for POI prevention prior to chemotherapy commencement.Sixty‐six patients were eligible. Fifty patients (76%) had a documented discussion regarding goserelin for POI prevention and 53 patients (80%) were prescribed goserelin for POI prevention. Nulliparous women were more likely to have a discussion regarding goserelin (P = 0.004). Younger women, nulliparous women and those referred to a fertility service were more likely to have been prescribed goserelin for POI prevention (P = 0.003, P = 0.001 and P = 0.002 respectively). Twenty‐one of 53 patients (40%) who received goserelin had the first dose administered ≥7 days before chemotherapy commencement.One‐quarter of eligible patients did not have a documented discussion regarding goserelin, despite the negative consequences of POI. Efforts are needed to increase the discussion and use of goserelin in all premenopausal women regardless of their fertility interests and to ensure timely administration in those who choose to receive it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomyosis is a chronic, hormone-related disease characterized by the presence of the endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This condition can manifest in various features, focal or diffuse adenomyosis or as an adenomyoma, and it may involve different uterine walls (posterior, anterior, and/or lateral walls). The disease can also be classified into different degrees, as mild, moderate and severe, which can be associated with more intense symptoms, although this correlation is not always directly proportional. In fact, adenomyosis can be asymptomatic in about a third of cases or it can significantly impact patients' quality of life through painful symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, abnormal uterine bleeding—particularly heavy menstrual bleeding—and potential effects on fertility. Historically, adenomyosis has been considered a disease primarily affecting premenopausal women over the age of 40, often multiparous, because the diagnosis was traditionally based on surgical reports from hysterectomies performed after the completion of reproductive desire. Data on the presence of adenomyosis in adolescent patients remain limited. However, in recent years, advancements in noninvasive diagnostic tools and increased awareness of this pathology have enabled earlier diagnoses. The disease appears to have an early onset during adolescence, with a tendency to progress in terms of extent and severity over time. Adenomyosis often coexists with endometriosis, which also has an early onset. Therefore, it is important, when diagnosing adenomyosis, to also screen for concomitant endometriosis, especially deep endometriosis in the posterior compartment. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the prevalence of different types and degrees of adenomyosis in younger patients, assess the associated symptoms, and describe the most appropriate diagnostic procedures for effective therapeutic management and follow-up, with the goal of improving the quality of life for these young women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to examine the relationship between resting vagal‐related heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and heart rate (HR) with resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in young adults. Methods: A total of 74 young adults (22 ± 2 years old, 51 women) were included in this cross‐sectional study. HRV was assessed using a HR monitor, whereas RMR and RER were determined by indirect calorimetry. Results: Linear regression analyses showed a positive association between HR and RER in women (standardized β = 0.384, p = 0.008), while negative associations were observed between vagal‐related HRV parameters and RER in women (β ranged from −0.262 to −0.254, all p ≤ 0.042). No significant association was found between the abovementioned physiological parameters in men. Conclusion: Here, we show that HR is positively associated with RER in young women but not in men, while vagal‐related HRV parameters are inversely related to RMR, therefore suggesting a potential sexual dimorphism between cardiac rhythm and its relationship with markers of cardiometabolic health status. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02365129. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people comprise a significant proportion of migrants and refugees in Australia. Many encounter challenges in accessing contraception information and services. This study explored the views and experiences of young women from migrant and/or refugee backgrounds regarding the contraceptive implant and related decision-making. Interviews were conducted with 33 women, aged 15–24, living in New South Wales, Australia, who spoke a language other than English and had some experience of the implant. Three themes were developed from the data as follows: 'Finding your own path': contraception decision-making (in which participants described sex and contraception as being taboo in their community, yet still made independent contraceptive choices); Accessing 'trustworthy' contraception information and navigating services (in which participants consulted online resources and social media for contraception information, and preferred discussions with healthcare providers from outside their community); and Views and experiences of the contraceptive implant (while the implant was described as a 'Western' method, most participants regarded it as an acceptable, convenient, cost-effective, and confidential means of contraception). Decision-making regarding the implant is influenced by many factors which must be considered in health promotion efforts and when providing clinical care. Consideration of more informative health promotion resources, peer education strategies, and healthcare provider training is warranted to support contraception decision-making and choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify preoperative breast MR imaging and clinicopathological variables related to recurrence and develop a risk prediction model for recurrence in young women with breast cancer treated with upfront surgery. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 438 consecutive women with breast cancer aged 35 years or younger between January 2007 and December 2016. Breast MR images before surgery were independently reviewed by breast radiologists blinded to patient outcomes. The clinicopathological data including patient demographics, clinical features, and tumor characteristics were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors associated with recurrence. The risk prediction model for recurrence was developed, and the discrimination and calibration abilities were assessed. Results: Of 438 patients, 95 (21.7%) developed recurrence after a median follow-up of 65 months. Tumor size at MR imaging (HR = 1.158, p = 0.006), multifocal or multicentric disease (HR = 1.676, p = 0.017), and peritumoral edema on T2WI (HR = 2.166, p = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of recurrence, while adjuvant endocrine therapy (HR = 0.624, p = 0.035) was inversely associated with recurrence. The prediction model showed good discrimination ability in predicting 5-year recurrence (C index, 0.707 in the development cohort; 0.686 in the validation cohort) and overall recurrence (C index, 0.699 in the development cohort; 0.678 in the validation cohort). The calibration plot demonstrated an excellent correlation (concordance correlation coefficient, 0.903). Conclusion: A prediction model based on breast MR imaging and clinicopathological features showed good discrimination to predict recurrence in young women with breast cancer treated with upfront surgery, which could contribute to individualized risk stratification. Clinical relevance statement: Our prediction model, incorporating preoperative breast MR imaging and clinicopathological features, predicts recurrence in young women with breast cancer undergoing upfront surgery, facilitating personalized risk stratification and informing tailored management strategies. Key Points: Younger women with breast cancer have worse outcomes than those diagnosed at more typical ages. The described prediction model showed good discrimination performance in predicting 5-year and overall recurrence. Incorporating better risk stratification tools in this population may help improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy constitutes a huge health issue. Long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) are the most effective methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy, especially among young women. This study evaluates the intervention effect of structured contraceptive counseling on the choice, initiation, and use of LARC in young women. Material and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of women aged 18–25, enrolled in a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial performed in abortion, youth, and maternal health clinics across the Stockholm County in Sweden. Clinics were randomized (1:1) to provide structured contraceptive counseling (intervention) or standard counseling (control). Surveys were administered at the clinic visit and follow‐ups at 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcome focused on the choice of LARC among women 18–25 years of age. Secondary outcomes included initiation, and use of LARC at 3 and 12 months, satisfaction with the counseling received and information on extended use of combined hormonal contraceptives. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03269357). Results: From September 2017 to May 2019, 770 women aged 18–25 years from 28 clinics/clusters were recruited. There was a significant intervention effect on LARC choice (aOR 5.96, 95% CI 3.25–10.94), initiation (aOR 4.43, 95% CI 2.32–8.46), and use at 12 months (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.31–3.73). The odds of LARC choice at pre‐booked visits were higher and more women received information about extended‐use regimen for short‐acting reversible contraception in the intervention group compared to the control group. The intervention package was well received, but with higher satisfaction at pre‐booked compared to drop‐in visits. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that comprehensive structured contraceptive counseling significantly increases LARC choice, initiation and use, with high satisfaction among young participants, especially at pre‐booked visits. The results highlight an approach that merits implementation to increase quality of care in contraceptive services, to enhance reproductive health for adolescents and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and policy analysis often presumes a 'mobility imperative' in respect of rural youth; to 'get on' they have to 'get out'. Those who stay, therefore, tend to be depicted as socially and economically deficient, backward, lacking agency and 'left behind'. The aim of our paper is to provide a corrective to this sort of thinking. We present new, extensive, qualitative, longitudinal research conducted with fifty young men and women who have chosen to stay in rural, 'Peripheral Denmark'. Our sample were doubly marginalised; by the lack of opportunities of their localities and by their lack of progress and achievement in their school-to-work transitions. We found that young people practised an intriguing and complex emotional reflexivity about staying. Our analysis documents their entangled feelings of 'stuckness' (e.g. in relation to lack of transport and services, isolation from typical youth leisure, in on-going family commitments) and of 'stillness' (e.g. in the serenity of nature, in family belonging and in educational support). In conclusion, we suggest that the concept of 'reflexive stayers' captures these young people's lived experiences of 'stillness' and 'stuckness' and could be beneficial to future research and policy analysis on rural youth, mobility and marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foregrounding the voices of young women in a deprived coastal context in the UK, this paper explores the intersection of place, class, gender and marginalisation. Drawing upon participatory qualitative research, the paper focuses on the following key themes: (1) how young women navigate perceptions of 'risk' through the everyday realities of the locale, (2) experiences of sexual violence and abuse (3) and finally, how normative depictions of 'risky behaviour' correspond to the accounts of women's (sexual) agency. By rooting the analysis of place-based inequalities through a gendered lens, the findings help illuminate the complex relationship between structural context and the regulation of gender and sexuality. The paper also draws attention to the structural factors that reproduce class-based stigma for people who are deemed 'at risk' in places that are characterised as 'left behind'. In doing so, the paper provides alternative agendas for policy and practice that aim to support young women who experience place-based marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortages of women in rural areas occur in many highly urbanized countries. Rural East Germany is an ideal case for studying this phenomenon because of its low adult sex ratio (ASR)—men greatly outnumber women—coupled with high outmigration among young adults. This study identifies how internal migration between rural and urban areas contributes to the shortage of young adult women. We use data on inter-county migration flows (for years 2002–21) to decompose the impacts of migration flows on ASRs. We find that the low ASRs in rural East Germany have been driven by sex-selective migration. In the early 2000s the main destination of sex-selective outflows was West Germany, while in the 2010s urban areas in East Germany were the key destinations. We find that moves among 18–24-year-olds increased the shortage of women in the rural population, whereas moves among 25–29-year-olds contributed to more balanced ASRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Civilising Brisbane: an introduction to three women who changed the town, 1859 to 1890" in the Queensland History Journal discusses the contributions of Diamantina Bowen, Eliza O’Connell, and Ellen Whitty in improving the lives of women and children in Brisbane during the 19th century. These women faced challenges such as social problems, gender imbalance, and lack of essential services, but worked together to make Brisbane a better place to live. Their efforts in areas like education, healthcare, and social welfare had a lasting impact on the community, despite facing indifference and criticism from some members of society. [Extracted from the article]

Despite a downward trend, Ethiopia still faces significant challenges with high rates of stunting and acute malnutrition in children. To tackle these issues, the Feed the Future Ethiopia Growth Through Nutrition Activity, a USAID-funded project aligned with Ethiopia's National Nutrition Program, was executed from 2016 to 2023. This initiative aimed to enhance nutrition for women and young children across six regions through multisectoral interventions. Annual surveys conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2020 evaluated the impact of livelihood support and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)-focused social behavior change communication (SBCC) on vulnerable households with children under two. The results showed significant improvements in child nutrition. Dietary diversity among children increased from 12% to 34% (p<0.001), and the percentage of children receiving a minimal acceptable diet rose from 12% to 30.7% (p<0.001). Women's dietary diversity also improved markedly, from 2% to 16% (p<0.001). Handwashing practices saw improvements, with the proportion of households having handwashing facilities rising from 14% to 31% (p<0.001), and the adherence to critical handwashing moments increased from 16% to 23%. However, challenges in water treatment and latrine use persisted, with less than 25% improvement. The findings suggest that integrating livelihood support with SBCC interventions can positively enhance nutritional outcomes. Continued focus on these strategies is recommended to further support vulnerable households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Informal abortions, commonly known as unsafe abortions, refer to all induced abortions that occur outside of formal healthcare settings conducted without the assistance of a licensed, trained healthcare provider. Despite the legalization of safe induced abortion care services, informal abortions continue to be among the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity among young women in Rwanda living in rural areas with limited or no access to safe abortion care services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of seeking informal abortions from the perspective of young women in rural Rwanda and to identify the underlying factors for these women seeking abortion care services outside of the formal healthcare setting. Methods: This qualitative study was guided by a descriptive phenomenology in rural Rwanda, specifically in a selected district located in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Ten young women between 18 and 24 years of age, who had the experience of seeking informal abortion services from informal providers within the last eight years participated in audio-recorded, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven steps of the phenomenological method. Results: The study found that young Rwandan women still seek unregulated abortions to end their unintended pregnancies due to limited access to or utilization of sexual reproductive health and rights services. Among the reasons for seeking abortion care services outside of the formal healthcare setting in Rwanda were sociocultural and economic factors and the stigma associated with terminating unintended pregnancies before marriage. Conclusion: In light of the findings of this study, the authors recommend the Ministry of Health and its stakeholders to expand access to comprehensive adolescent and youth-friendly reproductive health and reproductive rights while addressing the sociocultural stigma through public awareness and economic factors that play a big role in unregulated abortions rather than safe abortion care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Couples appear to frequently experience relationship problems, yet estimates of the prevalence and prediction of three distinct help‐seeking steps, (1) recognition of serious relationship dissatisfaction, (2) considering help, and (3) receiving relationship help, are unknown for representative population samples. This is unfortunate as such knowledge may inform policy makers in the development of strategies to motivate couples to seek help. The prevalence of these steps along with reasons for not acquiring help was studied in a representative population sample of 1014 Dutch heterosexual couples. Multilevel Actor‐Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) analyses estimated the extent to which static socio‐demographic factors were predictive of help‐seeking behaviors. Of all partners, 28.6% reported having ever been seriously dissatisfied with their relationship (step 1), of which 86.2% had told their partner they were dissatisfied, on average 1.5 years after onset of the dissatisfaction. Of the seriously dissatisfied partners 36.4% considered professional relationship help (step 2) and 19.5% eventually received help (step 3), on average 3.7 years after the onset of dissatisfaction. Of these, 88.5% consulted a (couple) therapist. Main reasons for not acquiring help were that “things got better” (48.8%) and “the partner did not want relationship help” (35.4%), whereas financial considerations and shame were rarely endorsed. Although serious relationship dissatisfaction was common (i.e., 40.1% of all couples consisted of at least one partner who was ever dissatified), few couples sought help and they did so rather late. Waxing and waning of dissatisfaction often guided the decision to not seek help. Women and younger partners were more proactive in help‐seeking. Marital status, having children, and education were largely unrelated to help‐seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion This study examined the impact of the number of Day 2 four‐cell (D2‐4C) embryos on double embryo transfer and blastocyst culture therapy in the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle.A retrospective review was performed on 1039 blastocyst culture cycles to compare outcomes between available and unavailable blastocyst cycles, emphasizing the relationship between the number of D2‐4C embryos and blastocyst availability. Furthermore, the correlation between four‐cell embryo counts and live births was analyzed in 986 transfer cycles.The analysis revealed that the number of D2‐4C embryos independently influenced the availability of blastocysts (odds ratio [OR] 1.693, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.306–2.195, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that D2‐4C embryos displayed the highest predictive value for available blastocysts, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.861 (95% CI 0.826–0.896). The cut‐off point was determined to be 4.5, particularly for individuals younger than 25 years, where the AUC reached 0.927. This suggests that the number of D2‐4C embryos has significant predictive value for available blastocysts. The live birth rate (LBR) of fresh embryo transfers significantly increased with the number of D2‐4C embryos (P = 0.004). LBRs for zero, one, and two four‐cell embryos in double cleavage embryo transfer were 20.24%, 34.97%, and 38.08%, respectively (P = 0.005). In the twin group, the percentages for zero, one, and two four‐cell embryos were 1.21%, 9.75%, and 89.02%, respectively (P < 0.001). Single blastocyst transfer achieved an LBR comparable to that of two four‐cell embryos (34.8% vs 39.0%, P = 0.415), while the twin rate significantly decreased with single blastocyst transfer (25.17% vs 1.40%, P < 0.001).The number of D2‐4C embryos exhibits significant predictive value for available blastocysts, particularly among young women. Furthermore, most twins resulted from the transfer of double cleavage embryos derived from two four‐cell embryos. Consequently, when the D2‐4C count exceeds four in a cycle, blastocyst culture therapy is preferred over double cleavage‐stage embryo transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhetoric of 'nothing about us without us', motivates much disability inclusive research, but meaningful participation of the most marginalised is still rare. There is a tendency to recruit only people with disabilities who are perceived as 'easier to include'. We reflect critically on recent fieldwork in Bangladesh working with local and international NGOs on a disability inclusive employment project. We focus on inclusion of the most marginalised people with disabilities: those with complex communication, psychosocial, intellectual or multiple impairments, or those who face intersecting inequalities. During a two-stage process, we engaged with 4 small groups of people in 2 sites. The participants were involved in an adapted vocational training programme, and had either both visual and hearing impairments, or were economically disadvantaged young disabled women. We discuss how creative, inclusive, participatory methodologies were combined to explore participants' experiences of pathways to work through learning a trade. We consider the ethical, methodological rationales for our research epistemologies; including development of local research teams' and participants' awareness, confidence and capacities; and what worked and didn't to enable or constrain inclusion and knowledge generation. We synthesise insights and recommendations about engagement/recruitment, situated ethics, accommodating individual needs, challenging assumptions, building communication capacities and group agency, maintaining inclusive interaction, multi-modal communication, using visual, tactile, narrative and creative methodologies, sequencing and layering methods, generating emotional knowledge, and collective analysis. We discuss the dynamic situated, emotional, interactional, and relational enablers of inclusion, and how participatory methodologies are applicable in research contexts to move beyond working with the 'usual suspects' to effectively engage people who are most often excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in southern Africa face triple the HIV incidence of their male peers due to multiple factors, including economic deprivation and age-disparate relationships. A new study by Aurélia Lépine and colleagues has demonstrated that addressing healthcare costs among AGYW has the potential to reduce HIV incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipschütz ulcer (LU) is a condition known for painful vulvar ulcers, typically affecting young women and often linked to infectious agents. Recent reports have indicated a potential connection between LU and COVID‐19 vaccination, particularly after the second or booster doses. This study presents a case of LU following the first dose of tozinameran in a young woman who had a previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and investigates similar cases globally. An 18‐year‐old woman experienced vulvar pain and ulcers 2‐days after her initial COVID‐19 vaccine dose. After ruling out infections through serological tests, a diagnosis of LU was made, and her symptoms resolved after 10 days. A literature search and VigiBase® analysis revealed 11 cases of LU following COVID‐19 vaccination, and 519 vulvovaginal ulcer cases associated with these vaccines were identified in Vigibase®, with a median onset of 2 days. Most LU cases occurred after the second dose or booster shots. The primary hypothesis for this association is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immune complexes, possibly triggered by prior exposure, as many cases occurred after the second dose. Interestingly, the presented case suggests that prior COVID‐19 infection could serve as sensitization. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential occurrence of LU after the initial COVID‐19 vaccine dose in young patients with prior COVID‐19 infection. While the risk of recurrence after subsequent vaccinations or infections remains uncertain, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Clinicians and patients should be aware of this potential issue to make informed decisions regarding vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sierra Leone faces a significant challenge in addressing HIV/AIDS, particularly among adolescent girls and young women. This age group is considered highly vulnerable due to biological factors and social inequalities. Understanding the prevalence of HIV testing in this demographic is crucial for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study investigated the spatial distribution of HIV testing and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Sierra Leone. Methods: Data from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey was used for the study. The sample comprised 6,062 adolescent girls and young women between the ages of 15 and 24. Spatial autocorrelation and Moran's I statistic were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of HIV testing. An analysis utilising mixed-effect multilevel binary logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with HIV testing. The findings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The national prevalence of HIV testing among adolescents and young women in Sierra Leone was 42.1% [40.3,43.9]. Kailahun, Kambia, Tonkolil, some parts of the Western rural area, and Bonthe districts were found to be statistically significant hotspot for HIV testing. Whereas, Karene, Falaba, Bo, kenema, and some parts of Pujuhun were statistically cold spot districts. Adolescent girls and young women aged 20–24 [aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.07] had higher odds of HIV testing than those aged 15–19. Those with secondary/higher education [aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.40, 2.51] had higher odds of HIV testing than those with no education. The odds of HIV testing was higher among adolescent girls and young women who use the Internet [aOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.33] than those who did not use internet. Adolescent girls and young women with one [aOR = 16.56, 95% CI = 12.31, 22.29] and two or more parity [aOR = 16.37, 95% CI = 10.86, 24.68] had higher odds of HIV testing than those with no parity. The likelihood of HIV testing was higher among adolescent girls and young women who had sex below 18 [aOR = 4.54, 95% CI = 3.25, 6.34] and those who had sex at 18+ [aOR = 5.70, 95% CI = 3.84, 8.45] compared to those who had never had sex. Adolescent girls and young women who visited health facilities in the past 12 months [aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.46, 2.26] had higher odds of HIV testing than those who did not. Conclusion: Despite some positive trends, HIV testing rates among adolescent girls and young women in Sierra Leone remain moderate. Spatial autocorrelation analysis consistently revealed hotspots and cold spots for HIV testing, with Kailahun, Kambia, Tonkolil, some parts of the Western rural area, and Bonthe districts remaining persistent hotspots. Age, education, internet use, sexual history, parity, and healthcare access are significant factors influencing testing behaviour. To improve testing rates, the government and policymakers should prioritize educational campaigns, expand internet access, integrate HIV testing into routine healthcare, and address stigma associated with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Methods Results Conclusion One approach for improving oral health is focusing on oral health literacy (OHL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between OHL and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to identify relevant OHL intervention targets that can be used to improve oral health.We performed a cross‐sectional questionnaire study among 1889 10th grade female students in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We then assessed OHL using the Arabic version of the short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (A‐HeLD‐14). OHRQoL was assessed using the 14‐item oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14). Information on socio‐demographics and oral health‐related behaviours (e.g., toothbrushing, sugary diet consumption and dental attendance) was also collected. The relationship between OHL and OHRQoL was investigated using binary logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic information and oral health‐related behaviours.In both the adjusted and unadjusted models, poor OHL was significantly associated with OHRQoL problems (odds ration [OR] = 2.90, p < 0.001). Having any OHL problem was significantly associated with having an OHRQoL problem (p < 0.001). The ORs were highest for the domains of financial barriers (OR = 2.49, p < 0.001) and receptivity (OR = 2.16, p < 0.001).Interventions targeted at individuals with low OHL are crucial to improving OHRQoL in the population. The most relevant interventions concern (a) dedicating time and attention to oral health and (b) financial barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWomen who suffer from an obstetric fistula endure more than just physical pain. Their ability or desire to bear children may also be affected due to physical damage to their reproductive organs. In addition, they may suffer from emotional trauma which is likely to affect their decision to have children. The aim of this study therefore was to explore in more detail the perspectives of obstetric fistula survivors about childbearing after treatment for their condition. This qualitative study was conducted at a non-governmental organisation in the Central Region of Malawi. Data was collected using in-depth interviews from 18 women who had suffered from an obstetric fistula. The study revealed that many women either had no further desire for children or were unable to bear children. Fear of dying and resulting pain from the fistula surgery deter women from wanting further pregnancies. However, there was still strong emphasis placed on childbearing, especially for the younger women who desired children as a means of maintaining their marriages. The risk of further pregnancies and mitigation strategies for reducing obstetric fistulas, should be fully communicated to women. Those who become infertile as a result of obstetric fistula may also require appropriate counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among reproductive women worldwide, contributing greatly on the incidence of female infertility and gynecological cancers. It is a complex health condition combining of multiple symptoms like androgen excess, uncontrolled weight gain, alopecia, hirsutism, etc. Conventionally PCOS was associated with obesity while it is often found among lean women nowadays, making the disease more critical to diagnose as well treatment. The disorder has an impact on several signal transduction pathways, including steroidogenesis, steroid hormone activity, gonadotrophin regulation, insulin secretion, energy balance, and chronic inflammation. Understanding the aetiology and pathophysiology of PCOS is difficult due to its multiple causes, which include environmental factors, intricate genetic predisposition, and epigenetic modifications. Despite research supporting the role of familial aggregations in PCOS outcomes, the inheritance pattern remains unknown. Henceforth, to reduce the burden of PCOS, it is inevitably important to diagnose at early ages as well as intervene through personalized medicine. With this brief background, it was imperative to elucidate the genetic architecture of PCOS considering BMI as an controlling factor. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis behind obesity-mediated PCOS, focusing on both obese and lean individuals. It uses a comprehensive bioinformatics methodology to depict pathways and functionality enrichment, allowing for cost-effective risk prediction and management. In the present research, the representative study participants (N = 2) were chosen from a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, based on their anthropometric parameters and confirmation of PCOS. Upon voluntary participation and written consent, biological fluids (whole blood and buccal swab) were taken from where DNA was extracted. The clinical-exome sequencing was performed by the Next-generation Illumina platform using the Twist Human Comprehensive Exome Kit. A comprehensive bioinformatics methodology was employed to identify the most important, unique, and common genes. A total of 26,550 variants were identified in clinically important exomes from two samples, with 5170 common and 2232 and 2322 unique among PCOS lean and obese phenotypes, respectively. Only 262 and 94 variants were PCOS-specific in lean and obese PCOS. Three filters were applied to shortlist the most potent variants, with 4 unique variants in lean PCOS, 2 unique variants in obese PCOS, and 5 common variants in both. The study found that leptin signalling impairment and insulin resistance, as well as mutations in CYP1A1, CYP19A1, ESR1, AR, AMH, AdipoR1, NAMPT, NPY, PTEN, EGFR, and Akt, all play significant roles in PCOS in the studied group. Young women in West Bengal, India, are more likely to have co-occurring PCOS, which includes estrogen resistance, leptin receptor insufficiency, folate deficiency, T2DM, and acanthosis nigricans, with obesity being a common phenotypic expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological science frequently treats the human psyche as isolated from the environment within which it exists. In this paper, I employ the Listening Guide method, a relational, embodied, dynamic form of qualitative inquiry, to conduct and analyze an interview with a young Turkish woman on her journey as she relocates to a city in Western Europe. Tracing the psychological logic within her narrative leads me to find that she holds together the psychologically incongruent processes of longing for vividly remembered places that are pervasively lost and rationalization regarding why they are not to be missed. Interpreting this discovery against the backdrop of her inner world, I find that for her, remembering and longing for places go hand in hand with her desire to envision, revitalize and reconstruct elements of remembered and felt places during the immigration journey. This research has implications for immigration studies as it demonstrates the psyche as embedded in places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a frequent injury among athletes, particularly women. Various techniques have shown effectiveness, but their impact on laxity and clinical outcomes varies. This study aims to compare the rupture rates of patellar tendon (PT) reconstruction versus hamstring reconstruction (HR) combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) in young women. The secondary objectives include comparing functional ACL-RSI and subjective IKDC scores, as well as the Tegner scale, between these two groups. The hypothesis is that adding ALLR to HR will result in rupture rates and functional scores similar to those of PT reconstruction. Methods: Between 2015 and 2019, 96 patients were treated at two facilities, with 70 having an average follow-up of 44 ± 14.5 months: 35 underwent PT reconstruction, and 35 had HR combined with ALLR. Patients were re-evaluated remotely after at least 2 years using a standardised questionnaire and assessing subjective IKDC, ACL-RSI, and Tegner scores. Results: Rupture rates were 5.7% in both groups. The mean subjective IKDC score was 81% for the HR + ALLR group versus 80.8% for the PT group (p = 0.09). The mean ACL-RSI score was 66% for HR + ALLR versus 68% for PT (p = 0.78). The HR + ALLR group lost an average of 0.4 points on the Tegner scale postoperatively, while the PT group lost an average of 0.77 points (p = 0.09). Conclusions: Hamstring surgery combined with anterolateral surgery provides subjective results, as assessed by patients using subjective scales and questionnaires, that are as good as those obtained with PT surgery in young women. Notwithstanding, the results are not corroborated by clinical or radiological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDrug consumption among young women in Bangladesh is increasing day by day. The research aims to analyze the factors influencing young females to take drugs in Bangladesh. This exploratory study was carried out using a qualitative research method. Primary data were collected via in-depth interviews. Seventeen addicted young women from Bangladesh were chosen for this study by a snowball sampling technique. The data from the interviews were thoroughly examined. Intimate relationships with family and friends have the greatest impact on women’s drug use. Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 and SDG target 3.5, the study underscores the critical need for gender-sensitive approaches to address the unique vulnerabilities faced by young women. The findings revealed several factors that significantly impacted drug consumption among young women in Bangladesh, including the influence of social groups and peers, family-related issues, inadequate awareness and education on drugs, the ready availability of drugs, and psychological factors such as stress and curiosity. Additionally, women who use drugs often face severe social stigma and gender-based violence, which deters them from seeking help and exacerbates their addiction. Limited access to health services due to economic and societal constraints further hinders their ability to receive proper care and support. Implementing strategies that address these gender-specific factors will not only help mitigate drug abuse but also contribute to improved public health outcomes and advance sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender-based violence is a serious public health concern and affects a large number of women and girls in humanitarian emergencies. Despite this, there is a dearth of the summary data to address the issue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the estimated pooled magnitude and factors associated with gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were among the databases that were used to search the primary articles. The reviewed papers were articles that evaluated the prevalence and contributing variables of gender-based violence against refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. We extracted the data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which we exported into Stata version 14 for further analysis. The I2 test was applied to identify statistical heterogeneity. We used a random effect meta-analysis methodology because of the heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression test were used to examine publication bias. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed 17 primary studies with a total of 6,161 refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. The findings of this study revealed that the estimated pooled prevalence of gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women was determined to be 48.20% (95% CI: 39.28, 57.12). Young age (AOR = 3.68, CI: 2.63, 5.14), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.53, CI: 1.56, 4.11), and having no social protection (AOR = 3.21, CI: 2.22, 4.63) were factors significantly associated with gender-based violence. Conclusions and recommendations: The present study showed that almost half of refugees and internally displaced women residing in Africa were survivors of gender-based violence. Younger women, alcohol users, and those without social protection were more likely to experience gender-based violence. Therefore, it is recommended that accessible information about the consequences of gender-based violence and early intervention for survivors be provided, taking these factors into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions People involved in the criminal justice system are at increased risk of recurring intimate partner violent (IPV) victimisation. Experience of trauma is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, including repeated experiences, so it is important to identify factors that may distinguish non‐victims, single‐event victims and recurring victims at an early stage as this could hold potential for intervention efforts. Research studies have identified individual‐level risk factors for IPV victimisation but have not investigated psychopathy traits or sex differences.To examine sex differences in psychopathy scores and later IPV victimisation.Using the Pathways to Desistance study, a longitudinal study of 1354 adjudicated adolescent offenders, relationships between psychopathy checklist‐youth version (PCL‐YV) scores measured during the baseline wave, independent/control variables in wave 6 and self‐reported IPV victimisation in wave 7 were explored using multinomial regression models.Among justice‐involved young adults (average age 19), PCL‐YV scores differentiated between non‐victims, single‐event victims and recurring victims. Higher total scores and higher ratings on the antisocial behaviours facet of psychopathy significantly increased the relative risk of recurring victimisation by an intimate partner overall, and specifically of emotional or physical intimate partner violence. For the young women but not the young men, a higher scoring on the interpersonal manipulation facet of psychopathy specifically increased the relative risk of being a recurring victim of any intimate partner violence.Sex‐specific differences in relationships between high PVL‐YV scores and recurring IPV victimisation can be used to screen for risk of repeated trauma for justice‐involved young adults, which may change a trajectory of continued involvement in the criminal justice system to a trajectory of resilience and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between diet quality and body image disturbance among young women aged 18–24, a crucial period for establishing lifelong health behaviors. Given the increasing exposure to social media, which often promotes unrealistic beauty standards, this research aims to explore associations between eating behaviors, diet quality, and body image disturbance. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative focus group discussions with quantitative analysis. Focus groups (n = 19) explored themes of body image dissatisfaction. The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) was administered to 50 participants (young women aged 18–24) to quantitatively assess body image disturbance, while diet quality was evaluated using the Australian Recommended Food Scores (ARFS). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) was also used to assess eating behaviors, including cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. A social influence questionnaire (SIQ) was administered to measure the effect of social influence. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between ARFS, BIDQ, and TFEQ-R18 scores. Results: Qualitative findings revealed persistent dissatisfaction with body shape, largely influenced by social media. Quantitatively, 65% of participants scored above the clinical threshold for body image disturbance (mean BIDQ score = 4.2, SD = 0.8). The correlation between ARFS and BIDQ scores was weak and not statistically significant (r = 0.057, p = 0.711). However, a significant positive correlation was observed between time spent on social media and body image disturbance (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Additionally, TFEQ-R18 results indicated that 45% of participants displayed moderate levels of uncontrolled eating, and 36.5% demonstrated moderate levels of emotional eating. Conclusions: While social media is associated with body image concerns, its effect on eating behaviors and diet quality shows weak correlations, suggesting that other factors may mediate these outcomes. These results suggest the complexity of the associations between body image, eating behaviors, and diet quality, indicating that interventions should consider psychological drivers behind these concerns alongside social media usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While well-being does generally constitute a moderate predictor of school achievement, research on the predictive validity of cognitive ability for wellbeing in school contexts remains scant. The current study analyzed longitudinal relations between cognitive ability measured at age 13 (Grade 6) and wellbeing measured at age 18 (Grade 12, valid N = 2,705) in a Swedish sample, using several multivariate model techniques. The results indicate that cognitive ability was not a statistically significant predictor when several predictors were entered in a multiple regression model. However, gender was a significant covariate as girls and young women have a substantially lower degree of self-reported well-being. This casts light on the limitations of cognitive ability as a construct for some non-cognitive outcomes, at least in shorter and narrower spatial-temporal contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divergent trends of breast cancer incidence by subtype have been reported in the United States and elsewhere; however, it remains unknown whether this trend has continued until the era of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using high‐quality population‐based cancer registry data, representing 83% of the US population, this study examined breast cancer incidence rates by estrogen receptor (ER) status in women aged 20–84 years from 2004 to 2020. The incidence rate of ER‐positive cancer increased by 1.75% per year from 2004 to 2009 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26%–3.15%) and has slowed to a 0.87% annual increase (95% CI = 0.41%–1.03%) from 2009 to 2019, followed by a 10.2% reduction from 2019 to 2020. Trends were generally similar across race and ethnicity, although young women (20–49 years), Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic women experienced steady increases until 2019. The incidence rate of ER‐negative cancer decreased by 3.13% annually (95% CI = −4.2% to −2.55%) from 2004 to 2012, and the decrease stabilized from 2012 to 2019 (annual percent change: 0.55%; 95% CI = −1.30% to 0.92%), followed by a 6.0% reduction from 2019 to 2020, with trends generally consistent by age and across racial and ethnic groups. The stabilization of the steep decline in ER‐negative cancer suggests a departure from the encouraging trajectories projected in earlier studies. Coupled with the deceleration in the rise of ER‐positive cancer, the latest trend signals a potential stabilization in the previous rise of the proportional burden of ER‐positive cancer. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on each subtype of breast cancer individually may provide a more comprehensive insight into its long‐term sequelae on survival and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim was to estimate direct medical costs of men and women patients by age group related to cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, strokes) in the province of Quebec, Canada from the economic perspective of the healthcare public system, encompassing five cost components: physician fees, hospitalization (hospital stay, intensive care stay), emergency visits and medication costs. Methods: This matched case-control study involved secondary data from a longitudinal cohort study (1997–2018) of 4584 white-collar workers. Participants were followed for a four-year period. We used an incremental cost method of difference-in-difference. Descriptive analyses using frequency counts, arithmetic means, standardized differences, chi-squared tests, and Student's T-tests were performed. Direct medical costs were estimated using mean and 95% bootstrap confidence interval. Results: Direct medical costs per case were CAD $4970 [4344, 5595] for all in the first year after the event. For men patients, direct medical costs were $5351 [4649, 6053] and $4234 [2880, 5588] for women in the first year after the event, $221 [–229, 671] for men and $226 [–727, 1179] for women in the second year, and $11 [–356, 377] for men and $-24 [–612, 564] for women in the third year. This decrease was observed for both men and women, with higher costs for men. Within the first year, physician fees dominated CVD-associated costs among both men and women cases younger than 65. However, hospital stay represented the costliest component among cases aged 65 and older, incurring higher costs in women compared to men. In the subsequent years, the distribution of costs showed variations according to sex and age, with either medication costs or physician fees being the predominant components, depending on the specific subgroups. Conclusions: CVD-associated direct medical costs varied by components, sex, age, and follow-up years. Patients with CVD incurred more than twice the medical costs as compared to patients without CVD of same age and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the content of workout videos on TikTok. A sample of 297 TikTok workout videos was coded for demographic factors and body shape of content creators, as well as the presence of body positivity messaging, appearance-related messaging, and other relevant themes. The results suggest that TikTok workout content is often presented in a time-lapse format with little verbal instruction, which may make it difficult for viewers to perform the exercises. The majority of the videos depicted young women with athletic bodies and other characteristics associated with culturally based beauty ideals, and approximately half of the videos included non-White content creators. Approximately a quarter of the videos in the sample included objectification and a smaller proportion of the sample included messages about inner positivity. Overall, the TikTok platform may provide underrepresented individuals opportunities to seek out workout content from a more diverse group of instructors; however, the fact that many of these videos including objectifying depictions of the content creators is concerning. Further experimental work is needed in order to more fully elucidate the effects of TikTok workout videos on viewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Sexual assault is pervasive in today's society, with the numbers of those reporting it increasing. In Ireland, 50% of women will experience some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. We sought to describe the incident details of females presenting to the Sexual Assault Treatment Unit (SATU) network in the Republic of Ireland and to determine associations between incident characteristics and: (1) victim age, (2) presence of injury, (3) victim‐perpetrator relationship, and (4) number of assailants.This was a retrospective cross‐sectional study of all females who attended between 2017 and 2023. Descriptive bivariate analysis was performed.There were 5942 female attendances, with an average age of 26 years. The largest age group was women between 18 and 25 years (38.1%, n = 2263). Forensic examinations were performed in 76.6% (n = 4549). Assailants were male in 92% (n = 5469) of incidents, with multiple assailants disclosed in 7.3% (n = 435). Strangers or recent acquaintances were the assailant in 38.5% (n = 2290) of incidents, and close associates in 22.9% (n = 1359). Incidents occurred at the survivor's home in 22% (n = 1306) of incidents, and in the assailant's home in 22.6% (n = 1342). Drug use within 24 h was reported in 15.1% (n = 897) of cases, and alcohol use in 72% (n = 4276). Drug‐facilitated assault was suspected by 16.1% (n = 955). Injuries (genital and extra‐genital) occurred in 30.3% (n = 1800) of attendances and were more likely to be seen in those who disclosed ingesting alcohol (Relative risk [RR] 1.325, P < 0.001) or drugs (RR 1.111, P = 0.04) in the 24 h preceding the incident, in those who presented within 24 h (RR 1.646, P < 0.001), those aged 18 years or older (RR 1.07, P = 0.003), and those where the incident occurred outdoors (RR 1.24, P < 0.001).This study, one of the largest on female attendances to a national SATU network, offers detailed insights into demographics, incident details, and circumstances. Most were young women, mainly 18 years and older, many of whom were full‐time students. Forensic examinations were the primary reason for attendance, underscoring the network's key role in evidence collection. The study also identified factors linked to a higher risk of injury detection, such as immediate post‐incident attendance, being over 18, outdoor incidents, perpetration by a stranger, and prior alcohol or drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations has designated 2025 as the "Quantum Year" to acknowledge the potential impact of quantum technology on various aspects of society. This declaration is expected to accelerate research and development in quantum computing, communication, and metrology. The International Year of Quantum (IYQ) Steering Committee is planning global initiatives and events for 2025 to raise public awareness about quantum science and technology. The Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies is a partner for this event. In addition, the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata, India, organized a conference on Women in Quantum Science and Technologies to celebrate the centenary of the Bose-Einstein statistics paper. The conference aimed to address the challenges faced by women in science and promote gender equality in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Younger women rely on altering cardiac output (Q̇$\dot{Q}$) to regulate blood pressure (BP). In contrast, older women rely more on altering vascular tone. However, evidence suggests that the ability to alter systemic vascular conductance (SVC) is diminished in older women. In the present study, cardioselective β‐blockade was utilized to diminish the relative contribution of Q̇$\dot{Q}$ to BP regulation and thereby evaluate age‐related vascular limitations in women at rest and during large muscle dynamic exercise. Younger (n = 13, mean age 26.0 years) and older (n = 14, mean age 61.8 years) healthy women performed submaximal bouts of semi‐recumbent cycling exercise at varying intensities while receiving an intravenous infusion of esmolol, a β1‐antagonist, or saline control in a repeated‐measures crossover design. Q̇$\dot{Q}$ was attenuated during esmolol infusion, with greater reductions during exercise (moderate, –1.0 (95% CI, –1.6 to –0.5) L/min, P < 0.001; heavy, –2.0 (95% CI, –2.6 to –1.5) L/min, P < 0.001) than seated rest (–0.5 (95% CI, –1.1 to 0.0) L/min, P = 0.048), and this reduction was not significantly different between age groups (P = 0.122). Older women exhibited a greater attenuation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during esmolol (–7 (95% CI, –9 to –4) mmHg, P < 0.001) relative to younger women (–2 (95% CI, –5 to 0) mmHg, P = 0.071). These changes coincided with a greater reduction of SVC in the younger women during esmolol (–15 (95% CI, –20 to –10) mL/min/mmHg, P < 0.001) compared to older women (–3 (95% CI, –9 to 2) mL/min/mmHg, P = 0.242). Together, these findings provide evidence that older, postmenopausal women have a diminished ability to adjust SVC in order to regulate MAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss the legacy of the art historical trope of the female nude in perpetuating colonial narratives that inform young women’s understanding not only of the idealized female body, but also what is perceived as ‘good’ drawing in the contemporary art classroom. Theoretically informed by phEmaterialism (feminist new materialism and post-humanism in education), I review the skin as a post-human assemblage to diffract heteronormative and raced colonial imaginings of the female skin. I discuss the PhEminist Skins project, a collaboration with six young women artists (the YWAs), where critical engagement with creative methods, such as life drawing, mobilized the agency of the skin and created opportunity for creative activism. I further share how the methods developed by the YWAs instigated the creation of The Centre for Creative Explorations, a creative research centre that explores alternative pedagogical approaches to the decolonial endeavour in secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of nostalgia in the meanings and uses of food-inspired (gourmand) fragrances at the point of their emergence in the 1990s and their adaptation by young women and girls in the first decade of the 2000s in the United States. It uses, as an evidentiary basis, news and magazine articles to map the popular reception of these fragrances following their emergence in the 1990s, and closely reads two retrospective works from the 2020s that center the gourmand fragrance Warm Vanilla Sugar by Bath and Body Works to navigate body-based anxieties and desires of young women in narratives of puberty set in the 2000s. Such analysis reveals complicated interplay among food, gender, and consumer culture as well as changing forms of and relationships to food-based nostalgia. This investigation of gourmand fragrances points to the field of food studies' further need to consider smell and other inedible objects of food culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prior to cancer treatment, patients make decisions on whether to undergo fertility preservation (FP) and the method of FP. We sought to learn more about counseling and decision-making on the method of cancer-related FP. Methods: A cross-sectional 26-item online survey was administered to patients with ovaries who underwent cancer-related FP. Associations between demographics and the FP method were made through estimates of risk difference, with a 95% confidence interval. Open-ended responses were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: A total of 240 respondents completed the survey: 52% underwent oocyte cryopreservation (OC), 29% underwent embryo cryopreservation (EC), and 19% underwent both oocyte and embryo cryopreservation (OC/EC). Most respondents agreed that if they were to go through the process again, they would make the same decision about FP (80% EC, 72% OC, 59% OC/EC). Women ≥ 35 years reported being counseled more that embryos were superior compared to younger women (risk difference 46%, CI 32.8, 59.1), however were not more likely to freeze embryos (risk difference 6.2%, CI − 9.8, 22.2). Women in long-term relationships reported they were counseled more that embryos were superior compared to those single/dating (risk difference 27%, CI 18.1, 35.9). All women in long-term relationships reported undergoing EC, while the majority of single/dating women reported undergoing OC (74.6%). Conclusion: Most women who have undergone cancer-related FP reported they would choose the same FP method again. Women in long-term relationships or ≥ 35 years reported they were more likely to be counseled that EC is superior; however, only women in long-term relationships were more likely to freeze embryos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]