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During the coronavirus-19 pandemic, experts recommended delaying routine cancer screening and modifying treatment strategies. We sought to understand the sequalae of these recommendations.We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. Data was collected from our institutional cancer registry. Prepandemic (2016-2019) was compared with pandemic (2020) data.Three thousand three sixty one screening chest computed tomography scans (CTs), 35,917 colonoscopies, and 48,093 screening mammograms were performed. There was no difference in CTs [81.0 (SEM10.0) vs. 65.6 (SEM3.29), P =0.067] or mammograms [1017.0 (SEM171.8) vs. 809.4 (SEM56.41), P =0.177] in 2020 versus prepandemic. There were fewer colonoscopies in 2020 [651.4 (SEM103.5) vs. 758.91 (SEM11.79), P =0.043]. There was a decrease in cancer diagnoses per month in 2020 of lung [22.70 (SEM1.469) vs. 28.75 (SEM0.8216), P =0.003] and breast [38.56 (SEM6.133) vs. 51.82 (SEM1.257), P =0.001], but not colorectal [13.11 (SEM1.467) vs. 15.88 (SEM0.585), P =0.074] cancer. There was no change in stage at presentation for lung ( P =0.717), breast ( P =0.115), or colorectal cancer ( P =0.180). Lung had a shorter time-to-treatment in 2020 [38.92 days (SEM 2.48) vs. 66 (SEM1.46), P =0.002].In 2020, there was no difference in screening studies for lung and breast cancer but there was a decrease in new diagnoses. Although there were fewer colonoscopies performed in 2020, there was no change in new colorectal cancer diagnoses. Despite changes in guidelines during the pandemic, the time-to-treatment for lung cancer was shorter and was unchanged for colorectal and breast cancer. These findings highlight the importance of continuing care for a vulnerable patient population despite a pandemic.

The drug 25H-NBOMe is a new psychoactive substance (NPS). The use of these substances is likely to pose a threat to public health because they elicit effects similar to those of known psychoactive substances with similar chemical structures. However, data regarding the abuse potential of 25H-NBOMe are lacking. Here, we evaluated the abuse liability of 25H-NBOMe in rodents. The rewarding and reinforcing effects were evaluated through conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) tests after administration of 25H-NBOMe. To investigate the effects of 25H-NBOMe on the central nervous system, we determined the changes in dopamine levels by in vivo microdialysis. In the locomotor activity test, 25H-NBOme significantly increased locomotor activity in mice. In the place conditioning test, the 25H-NBOMe (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) groups showed a significantly increase in CPP in mice. In the SA test, the 25H-NBOMe (0.01 mg/kg) administered group showed a significant increased number of infusions and active lever presses. In microdialysis, the 25H-NBOMe (10 mg/kg) administered group was significantly increased in rats.

Adoptive cell therapies include multiple cell-based therapies to harness the immune system's power to mount a robust anticancer effect. Early successes in solid tumors with checkpoint inhibition have increased the research and development of immunotherapy. The utilization of cell-based therapy for gastrointestinal malignancies is still in its infancy because of challenges of antigen specificity and access to the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the current state of adoptive cell therapies in terms of challenges and early successes in preclinical and clinical studies.

We experimentally demonstrate the direct visualization of ultraviolet (UV) light using flexible polymer composite films consisting of crystalline organic tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) micro-rods and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The representative organic mono-molecule Alq3, which is a core material of organic light-emitting diodes, was used to detect light in the invisible UV region and visualize photoluminescence (PL). Alq3 shows absorption in the UV region and light-emitting characteristics in the green region, making it an optimal material for UV visualization because of its large Stokes transition. Crystalline Alq3 micro-rods were fabricated in a deionized water solution through a sequential process of reprecipitation and self-assembly. Highly bright photoluminescence was observed on the highly crystalline Alq3 micro-rods under UV light excitation, indicating that the crystalline structures of Alq3 molecules affect the visible emission decay of excitons. The Alq3 micro-rods were manufactured as flexible polymer composite films using a PDMS solution to observe UV photodetector characteristics according to UV intensity, and it was confirmed that the intensity of the fine UV light reaching the earth’s surface can be visualized by making use of this UV photodetector.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) under the age of 50 years.Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2018, 1,126 primary CRC patients were included from National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital. The patients were divided into group 1 (n=111, ≤50 years) and group 2 (n=1,015, >50 years). The clinicopathologic features and prognostic outcomes were compared. In addition, to analyze whether there were any differences of those characteristics in 3 groups, patients aged under 50 years were divided into their 20s, 30s, and 40s.Results: Group 1 had a slightly higher distribution in the left colon and rectum, lower T stage I and higher T stage IV rate, and a significantly higher distribution in stage N2 than group 2 (30.6%:16.3%, P

A single-benzene-based, blue-emissive diethyl 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (DDT) was prepared by Fischer esterification of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHT) and ethanol. The strong fluorescence in both the solution and the solid state from such a simple framework stemmed from the push-pull structure of the electron-donating hydroxy groups and the accepting carbonyl groups, as well as structural planarity from intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds enabled DDT to crystallize easily. The color CCD imaging technique showed efficient 1D optical waveguiding with a large optical loss coefficient of 0.15 dB/μm. DDT has potential application in optical sensors, photonic devices, and optoelectronic communication, because of its highly ordered structure and light-emitting ability.

Prolintane (1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinylpentane), a synthetic central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, is structurally similar to amphetamine but pharmacologically acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor like cocaine. While several case studies reported adverse effects and recreational use of prolintane, the abuse potential of the drug has not been systemically examined yet. In the present study, we evaluated the behavioral effects of prolintane regarding its abuse liability in rodents using locomotor activity, conditioned place preference (CPP), self-administration (SA), and drug discrimination paradigms, as well as in-vivo microdialysis experiment. First, acute prolintane (10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) increased locomotor activity (distance traveled, cm) in mice but to a lesser degree than methamphetamine (as a positive control). We also found that a single and solitary injection of prolintane (20 mg/kg, IP) significantly increased extracellular dopamine in the striatum. The following result suggests that its stimulatory effects might be associated with the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Further, prolintane produced a significant drug-paired place preference at doses of both 10 and 20 mg/kg. In the SA experiment, the mice that self-administered prolintane intravenously (4 mg/kg/inf) showed a higher infusion and active lever responses but not inactive lever responses. Additionally, cumulative doses of prolintane partially elicited cocaine-appropriate lever responses (38.57% at doses up to 10 mg/kg) in rats. These results implied that prolintane has not only rewarding and reinforcing effects but also interoceptive stimulus properties, which are similar to cocaine at a moderate level. Taken together, this study was the first to show, to our knowledge, that prolintane has a certain level of abuse potential and should be considered carefully as a valuable basis for legal restrictions on use.

Based on robustness of split-gate embedded Flash (eFlash) bit-cell, 28-nm eFlash process with Flash IP (20Mb) and SRAM IP (32Mb) is developed for automotive Grade 1 (G1) application with temperature range of (−40∼150°C) for the first time. In case of single flash cell evaluation, sufficient sensing margin and tight current distribution, decent endurance and retention characteristics have been demonstrated. A new type of Flash IP scheme is introduced to compensate the degradation at high temperature, called SAPVL (Sense amp Proportional to absolute temperature and Vdd variable Load scheme) enabling reduction of load current dependency on temperature. Robust reliability (100K cycle endurance, 150oC/RT retention up to 15 years) with 20Mb eFlash IP is validated even at error-correction-code (ECC) off mode. Moreover, lower failure rate and significant improvement of high temperature reliability are achieved with rebalancing cell FET device immunity of SRAM IP (32Mb). All the requirement from AC-Q100 for automotive G1 qualification are accomplished at 28nm split-gate eFlash process.

For years, there has been a strong drive for sub-micron pixel development, in spite of reaching the visible light diffraction limit, because a smaller pixel pitch of CMOS image sensors (CISs) is inevitably required for ever-miniaturizing camera modules as mobile devices incorporate more cameras, few of which are dedicated to ultra-high-resolution zoomed images [1]. To that end, image sensor vendors have tried to find new ways to avoid reduction in sensitivity and more crosstalk in the sensor through pixel architecture change and/or fabrication process refinement [2] –[4]. For example, a $0.7 \mu m$ pixel sensor was demonstrated with acceptable photodiode (PD) full-well capacity (FWC) of $\gt 6$,000e- as well as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of $\sim32$ dB without optical/electrical crosstalk by employing state-of-the-art full-depth deep-trench isolations (FDTIs). [4] However, further scaling requires elaborate fabrication innovation and layout ideas. At the same time, meeting every aspect of pixel performance compared to the previous generation becomes even more difficult, e.g., with respect to dark or illuminated characteristics, fixed-pattern or temporal noises, etc. The latter, in particular, is associated with in-pixel source-follower (SF) amplifiers. Therefore, electrical performance of scaled in-pixel transistors cannot be overlooked. In this paper, a 32-megpixel (MP) CIS with $0.64 \mu m$ unit pixels is demonstrated with FDTI design. Innovations in terms of fabrication and design to achieve this performance with scaling are discussed.

N-Methyl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-amine (methamnetamine, PAL-1046) is an amphetamine-based new psychoactive substance (NPS). Methamnetamine has been reported to cause excessive release of serotonin, and it is classified as an empathogen or entactogen. It is not regulated as a controlled substance in most countries, and there are no studies on its metabolism. In this study, in vitro phase I metabolism of methamnetamine in human liver microsomes (HLM) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) was investigated by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS). Eight metabolites of methamnetamine were identified and were structurally characterized achieved by a combination of accurate mass analysis and tandem mass spectrometry. The identified metabolic processes include N-demethylation, N-hydroxylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and a combination of these processes. N-Hydroxylated metabolites were confirmed based on expressed FMOs. The major metabolite was formed from methamnetamine via hydroxylation of the naphthalene ring after the in vitro phase I process. These results could help detect methamnetamine ingestion by NPS abusers.

Methamnetamine (MNA; PAL-1046) is a new psychoactive substance that acts as a full biogenic amine transporter (BAT) substrate. BAT substrates promote neurotransmitter release from the nerve terminal and can be abused as stimulants. However, scientific information on the abuse potential of methamnetamine is lacking. We evaluated the abuse liability of methamnetamine. The effective dose range of methamnetamine was determined using a climbing behavior test. The rewarding effect and reinforcing effect of the test compound were evaluated in mice by conditioned place preference (CPP) testing and self-administration (SA) testing at the selected doses. Dopamine level changes were analyzed using synaptosomes and in vivo microdialysis to investigate the effects of methamnetamine on the central nervous system. Drug discrimination experiments were used to examine the potential similarity of the interoceptive effects of methamnetamine and cocaine. A significant response was observed in the climbing behavior test with 10 and 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally administered methamnetamine. In the CPP test, mice intraperitoneally administered methamnetamine (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed a significant preference for the drug-paired compartment. In the SA test, mice that intravenously received 1 mg/kg/infusion showed significant active-lever responses. Dopamine was significantly increased in synaptosomes and in in vivo microdialysis tests. Furthermore, methamnetamine showed cross-generalization with cocaine in a dose-dependent manner. Methamnetamine exhibits interceptive stimulus properties similar to those of cocaine and induces rewarding and reinforcing effects, suggesting its dependence liability potential.

Multilayer MoS2 has been gaining interest as a new semiconducting material for flexible displays, memory devices, chemical/biosensors, and photodetectors. However, conventional multilayer MoS2 devices have exhibited limited performances due to the Schottky barrier and defects. Here, we demonstrate poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) (PDPP3T) doping effects in multilayer MoS2, which results in improved electrical characteristics (∼4.6× higher on-current compared to the baseline and a high current on/off ratio of 106). Synchrotron-based study using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction provides mechanisms that align the edge-on crystallites (97.5%) of the PDPP3T as well as a larger interaction with MoS2 that leads to dipole and charge transfer effects (at annealing temperature of 300 °C), which support the observed enhancement of the electrical characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrate a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter that uses a p-type MoSe2 and a PDPP3T-doped MoS2 as charging and discharging channels, respectively.

We report the morphological features and thermal insulation properties of a series of cotton- and PET-based hybrid fabrics impregnated with silica aerogel. For the purpose, commercially available cotton and PET knitted fabrics were dipped into aqueous dispersions including different silica aerogel contents, dried, and stacked to 1, 3, and 5 layers. The SEM images revealed that the silica aerogel particles were well incorporated into cotton or PET knitted fabrics. The thermal insulating performance of the hybrid fabrics as functions of the silica aerogel content and the number of layers of stacked fabrics were characterized by monitoring the surface temperatures of the fabrics on a plate with a wide temperature range of ~50-80 oC using an infrared camera. The higher thermal insulation performance was attained for both cotton- and PET-based hybrid fabrics with higher silica aerogel contents. In addition, 3-layered hybrid fabrics exhibited noticeably improved thermal insulation performance, compared to 1- or 5-layered fabrics. The thermal insulation property of the cotton-based hybrid fabrics was dominantly influenced by silica aerogel than that of PET-based hybrid fabrics. The overall results demonstrated that the cotton- and PET-based hybrid fabrics with silica aerogel manufactured by a facile dip-dry process could be utilized as protective garments, heat-sensitive devices, pipes, automotive, aircrafts, and buildings for thermal insulation applications.

In this study, we propose a method for improving the stability of multilayer MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) by O2 plasma treatment and Al2O3 passivation while sustaining the high performance of bulk MoS2 FET. The MoS2 FETs were exposed to O2 plasma for 30 s before Al2O3 encapsulation to achieve a relatively small hysteresis and high electrical performance. A MoOx layer formed during the plasma treatment was found between MoS2 and the top passivation layer. The MoOx interlayer prevents the generation of excess electron carriers in the channel, owing to Al2O3 passivation, thereby minimizing the shift in the threshold voltage (Vth) and increase of the off-current leakage. However, prolonged exposure of the MoS2 surface to O2 plasma (90 and 120 s) was found to introduce excess oxygen into the MoOx interlayer, leading to more pronounced hysteresis and a high off-current. The stable MoS2 FETs were also subjected to gate-bias stress tests under different conditions. The MoS2 transistors exhibited negligibl...

Apple Marssonina blotch (AMB) is a devastating disease that is predominantly found in Asian countries, such as Japan, India, and South Korea. The disease has been known to cause huge economic losses in the regions where it has been found. AMB causes early defoliation, which ultimately leads to low quality and quantity of harvested apples. In this work, spectroscopic measurements were collected and analyzed for two datasets from 2014 and 2015. A stochastic algorithm called particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to find optimal features for classification. A total of ten spectral features were found by the algorithm by selecting pairs of bands that resulted in the highest discrimination between every two classes. A support vector machine classifier resulted in 100% classification accuracy for both healthy and diseased samples. Abundance estimation and spectral unmixing analyses of early-stage AMB (ambE) samples were also conducted using PSO to extract symptomatic and asymptomatic endmembers. Results showed reasonable separation between healthy, seemingly healthy, and symptomatic classes. Quantitative analysis, using varying degrees of infection of ambE samples, was performed by applying a combination of partial least squares and stepwise multiple linear regression models, and coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.76 and 0.71 were achieved for the calibration and validation datasets, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of using spectroscopic technology as a non-invasive method for early detection of AMB disease.

Background Restorative total proctocolectomy with IPAA may not be feasible in some patients because of technical intraoperative limitations. Objective This study aimed to assess preoperative predictors for intraoperative IPAA and review management. Design This is a retrospective review. Setting This study was conducted at Cleveland Clinic between January 2010 and May 2018. Patients Patients ≥18 years of age who underwent ileoanal pouch surgery were included. Patients with successful pouch creation as planned were grouped as "successful IPAA creation." Operative reports of patients who underwent alternative procedures were reviewed to identify cases when the pouch was preoperatively planned but intraoperatively abandoned (IPAA-abandoned group). Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine predictors of intraoperative pouch abandonment. We also reviewed the management of patients in whom the initial pouch creation failed. Main outcome measures The primary outcomes measured were preoperative predictors for intraoperative ileoanal pouch abandonment. Results A total of 1438 patients were offered an ileoanal pouch; 21 (1.5%) experienced pouch abandonment due to inadequate reach (n = 17) and other technical reasons (n = 4). These patients underwent alternative procedures such as end or loop ileostomy with/without proctectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated male sex (OR, 6.021; 95% CI, 1.540-23.534), BMI (OR, 1.217; 95% CI, 1.114-1.329), and a 2-stage procedure (OR, 14.510; 95% CI, 4.123-51.064) as independent factors associated with intraoperative abandonment of pouch creation. Alternative procedures were total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy (n = 14) and total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy without proctectomy (n = 7). Ultimately, pouch creation was achieved in 6 of 21 patients after a median interval of 8.8 (range, 4.1-34.8) months. All patients had intentional weight loss before a reattempt and total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy without proctectomy as their initial procedure. Limitations This study was limited by its retrospective nature. Conclusions Ileoanal pouch abandonment is rare and can be mitigated by initial total abdominal colectomy and weight loss. Male, obese patients are at a higher risk of failure. Intraoperative assessment of ileoanal pouch feasibility should occur before rectal dissection. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B156. PREDICCION MULTIVARIANTE DEL ABANDONO INTRAOPERATORIO DE LA ANASTOMOSIS ANAL CON BOLSA ILEAL: La proctocolectomia total restaurativa con anastomosis de bolsa ileoanal puede no ser posible en algunos pacientes debido a limitaciones tecnicas intraoperatorias.Evaluar los predictores preoperatorios para el abandono intraoperatorio de la bolsa ileoanal y revisar el manejo.Revision retrospectiva.Cleveland Clinic entre Enero de 2010 y mayo de 2018.Pacientes > 18 anos que se sometieron a cirugia de bolsa ileoanal. Los pacientes con una creacion exitosa de la bolsa segun lo planeado se agruparon como "creacion exitosa de anastomosis de bolsa ileoanal". Se revisaron los informes operativos de los pacientes que se sometieron a procedimientos alternativos para identificar los casos en que la bolsa se planifico preoperatoriamente pero se abandono intraoperatoriamente (grupo de "anastomosis anal de bolsa ileoanal abandonada"). Se desarrollaron modelos de regresion logistica multivariante para determinar los predictores del abandono intraoperatorio de la bolsa. Tambien revisamos el manejo de pacientes que fallaron en la creacion inicial de la bolsa.Predictores preoperatorios para el abandono intraoperatorio de la bolsa ileoanal.A un total de 1438 pacientes se les ofrecio una bolsa ileoanal; 21 (1.5%) experimentaron abandono de la bolsa debido a un alcance inadecuado (n = 17) y otras razones tecnicas (n = 4). Estos pacientes se sometieron a procedimientos alternativos como ileostomia final o de asa con / sin proctectomia. El analisis de regresion logistica multivariante indico genero masculino (OR, 6.021; IC 95%, 1.540-23.534), indice de masa corporal (OR, 1.217; IC 95%, 1.114-1.329) y procedimiento en 2 etapas (OR, 14.510; IC 95%, 4.123-51.064) como factores independientes asociados con el abandono intraoperatorio de la creacion de la bolsa. Los procedimientos alternativos fueron la proctocolectomia total con ileostomia final (n = 14) y la colectomia abdominal total con ileostomia final sin proctectomia (n = 7). Finalmente, la creacion de la bolsa se logro en 6/21 pacientes despues de un intervalo medio de 8.8 (rango, 4.1-34.8) meses. Todos los pacientes tuvieron perdida de peso intencional antes de la reintenta y colectomia abdominal total con ileostomia final sin proctectomia como procedimiento inicial.Naturaleza retrospectiva.El abandono de la bolsa ileoanal es raro y puede mitigarse mediante la colectomia abdominal total inicial y la perdida de peso. Los pacientes masculinos y obesos tienen un mayor riesgo de fracaso. La evaluacion intraoperatoria de la viabilidad de la bolsa ileoanal debe ocurrir antes de la diseccion rectal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B156. (Traduccion-Dr. Yesenia Rojas-Kahlil).

As the daily usage time of smart phone increases, battery life time becomes increasingly important. Recently, a complaint is raised for frequent battery drain in smart phones due to applications running in the background. In most of the mobile applications, after end of the data transfer, longer idle time occurs in a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection for connection closure. Usually such idle TCP connections are terminated by servers based on a static timeout value configured at the server side. This results in frequent transition from idle Radio Frequency (RF) state to active RF state thereby increasing mobile network signalling and device battery power consumption. To address this problem, we propose a novel TCP connection control mechanism in view of power saving, called Low Power TCP (LPTCP). Our solution is lightweight, application agnostic, a client deployed solution. LPTCP identifies inactive TCP connections that cause the delayed server close and pro-actively closes those TCP connections. We evaluated LPTCP with the latest Samsung smart phones such as Galaxy S8 and S9. LPTCP achieved up to 18% of power gain and significantly reduced 24% of mobile network signalling overhead.

In this paper, we report on an efficient and eco-friendly approach to fabricate AAOs in oxalic acid electrolyte, which exhibits a relatively wide range of electrolyte temperatures for stable anodization. Our strategy consists of simultaneous multi-surfaces anodization (SMSA) for fabricating plural AAOs and direct detachment of those AAOs from an aluminum (Al) substrate by applying stair-like reverse biases (SRBs) in the same electrolyte used for the SMSAs. A unit sequence including SMSA sequentially combined with SRBs-based detachment can be applied repeatedly to the same Al substrate for mass production of AAOs. Dimensional characteristics of AAOs were quantitatively controlled with respect to the electrolyte temperature as well as the number of applied sequences, and SRBs-based direct detaching characteristics depending on the AAO thickness were investigated as a function of the number of stairs in SRBs. The AAOs fabricated here were used as nanoporous templates for synthesizing π-conjugated polymer nanomaterials with various diameters, and their structural and optical characteristics were studied with respect to their physical dimensions. We also fabricated capacitive humidity sensors designed on interdigitated electrode structures with nanoporous AAOs, and discussed their superior device performances.

Recently, remote sensing technology as a nondestructive method has been utilized to detectthe quantity and quality of crops using unmanned aerial system. To predict vegetation growth(leaf dry mass and nitrogen content) of soybean, two vegetation index(NDVI and Green NDVI)were calculated from images acquired by multi-spectral camera mounted on a UAV and eachprediction models between vegetation growth and index were evaluated. As a result, there wasno significant difference between vegetation growth and index when each vegetation stage foreach yellow and black bean were compared to each other. However, there was significantdifference between vegetation growth and index when all vegetation stage for each yellow andblack bean were compared to each other. Moreover, there was significant difference betweenvegetation growth and NDVI(r= 0.799 for leaf dry mass, r= 0.796 for nitrogen content), andGreen NDVI(r= 0.860 for leaf dry mass, r= 0.845 for nitrogen content) for all vegetation stageswith all soybeans. The accuracy and precision of Green NDVI model(R2= 0.740 for leaf drymass, R2= 0.714 for nitrogen content) were better than those of NDVI model regardless ofvarieties and vegetation growth. Therefore, Green NDVI has considerable potential to detect thequantity and quality of soybeans.

Various approaches have been proposed for point-of-care diagnostics, and in particular, optical detection is preferred because it is relatively simple and fast. At the same time, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have attracted great attention because they can provide highly sensitive and label-free detection. In this work, we present highly sensitive, epidermal skin-type point-of-care devices with system-level integration of flexible MoS2 FET biosensors, read-out circuits, and light-emitting diode (LEDs) that enable real-time detection of prostate cancer antigens (PSA). Regardless of the physical forms or mechanical stress conditions, our proposed high-performance MoS2 biosensors can detect a PSA concentration of 1 pg·mL–1 without specific surface treatment for anti-PSA immobilization on the MoS2 surface on which we characterize and confirm physisorption of anti-PSA using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (tm-AFM). Furthermore, current modulation induced by the binding process was stably maintained for longer than 2–3 min. The results indicate that flexible MoS2-based FET biosensors have great potential for point-of-care diagnostics for prostate cancer as well as other biomarkers.

Multifunctional properties of nanomaterials becomes a hot topic in nano research for the development of multifunctional devices, because modern devices need multifunctional platform for the high efficient plural performance on a single device. Here, we introduce a multifunctional π-conjugated poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) nanotube (NT), showing controllable optical and electrical properties through the control of doping level. P3MT NTs were electrochemically synthesized in the low temperature (−40 °C) on the nanoporous template. The change of doping level by post cyclic voltammetry (CV) treatment on the P3MT lead the variance of polaron/bipolaron band, resulting into the drastic change of ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence properties. While P3MT NTs before CV treatment show an ohmic behavior in the current-voltage characteristics, those after CV treatment show high photocurrent. From the field emission experiment, the P3MT NTs before CV treatment have a relatively low turn-on electric field and stable electron emission property compared to the P3MT NTs after CV treatment. This shows that the π-conjugated polymers should be shed new light on their multifunctionality for the potential application to the multifunctional platform of opto-electronic nanodevices.

We experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous enhancement of Raman and photoluminescence (PL) of core-shell hybrid nanoparticles consisting of Ag (core) and polydiacetylene (PDA, shell) through the assistance of localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect for the effective biosensor. Core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated in deionized water through a sequential process of reprecipitation and self-assembly. The Raman signal of PDA on core-shell NPs is enhanced more than 100 times. Also, highly enhanced photoluminescence is observed on Ag/PDA hybrid NPs after coupling of the complementary t-DNA with p-DNA which are immobilized on PDA shell. This indicates that the core Ag affects the Raman and PL of PDA through the LSP resonance, which can be caused by the energy and/or charge transfer caused by the LSP coupling and the strong electromagnetic field near Ag NP surface. Only electrons present on the surface interact with the PDA shell, not involving the electrically neutral part of the electrons inside the Ag NP. Furthermore, this work shows that as prepared Ag/PDA NPs functionalized by probe DNA can sense the target DNA with an attomolar concentration (100 attomole).

Multilayer MoS