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Purpose: To observe and compare the trends in epidemic aspects of imported shigellosis (Sg) cases from overseas travelers (OTs) in Korea and Japan between 2016 and 2020. Methods: We analyzed the raw data of imported Sg cases from the Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan between 2016 and 2020. Results: In Korea, there were a total of 596 Sg infections, including 353 cases from overseas travel-associated imported cases, with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of 0.23 per 100,000 populations. The CIR of imported Sg cases was 0.32 per 100,000 OTs. In Japan, during the same period, there were a total of 757 Sg cases, including 388 imported cases, with a CIR of 0.12 per 100,000 populations. The CIR of imported Sg cases was 0.50 per 100,000 OTs. The CIR of total Sg cases in Korea was higher than in Japan, but the CIR of imported cases in Korea was lower than in Japan (P

Purpose: Melioidosis is a zoonosis that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is found in contaminated soil and water. We investigated the epidemiological aspects of melioidosis cases among oversea travelers in Korea and Japan during 2011 to 2020. Methods: Raw data were obtained from the website of melioidosis cases from the Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, and the National Institute of infectious Diseases in Japan, 2011−2020. Results: There were 26 cases of melioidosis cases in Korea and 14 cases in Japan between 2011 and 2020. Cumulative incidence rate per 1,000,000 oversea travelers (OTs) of Korea (0.14) did not substantially differ that of Japan (0.09), respectively. The incidence of melioidosis in males (96.2% of total 26 cases) was much more common than in females (3.8%) in OTs of Korea (P

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives and health of people around the globe. Most people who develop COVID-19 fully recover, but current evidence suggests approximately 10% to 20% of people experience a variety of mid- and long-term effects after they recover from their initial illness. These mid- and long-term effects are collectively known as post covid-19 condition or “long COVID”. Studies have shown that a significant number of patients complain of multiple symptoms over a period of several months or longer. The symptoms of long covid include fatigue or muscle weakness, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, and depression or anxiety. These chronic symptoms can also negatively affect aviation safety. Therefore, this review summarizes studies of the long-term effects of COVID-19, and aeromedical implications of long COVID.

Purpose: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus disease. we investigated the epidemiological aspects and status of imported ZIKV infection cases in Korea (Republic of) and Japan during 2016–2020. Methods: Raw data of ZIKV infection cases from the Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, and the National Institute of infectious Diseases in Japan, 2016–2020. Results: There were 33 cases of ZIKV infection in Korea and 21 cases in Japan between 2016 and 2020. Cumulative incidence rate per 1,000,000 overseas travelers (OTs) of Korea (0.30) did not substantially differ that of Japan (0.27), respectively. We observed the ZIKV infected cases of male (69.7% of total cases) were much more than that for female (30.3%) in OTs of Korea (P

Purpose: The medical certification for pilots is required by the aviation safety authority based with the aviation safety act. Methods: In this study, medical examination items of the year of 2021 performed during the aviation medical examination in Korea were reviewed by retrospective analysis. Results: Data from a total of 27 hospitals were collected. The number of inspection items ranged from a minimum of 22 items to a maximum of 57 items, showing a difference of more than double. Data from tertiary general hospitals and large airlines showed a tendency to perform more items of test compared to clinic-level institutions. The ratios for each inspection item are as follows: 1) 100% inspection items: urine test, ophthalmic test (except fundus test), fasting blood sugar, general blood test (complete blood count), electrocardiogram, electoencephalography, chest posterior anterior, pure tone audiometry, and total cholesterol; 2) 65%–74% inspection items: triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, and hepatitis B surface antigen; 3) 57% inspection items: hepatitis B surface antibody, human immunodeficiency virus, and venereal disease research laboratory; 4) 50% inspection items: urate and fundus examination. Conclusion: There have been many changes in the medical field over the past 40 years, but in terms of examination items, the aviation physical examination does not reflect the flow of change. Over the past years, the number of pilots has increased significantly, the flight environment has changed, and medical examination methods have been developed and diversified. In accordance with this, it is necessary to change the test items.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the epidemiologic series of Tsutsugamushi disease (TD), also known as scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan. Methods: We investigated raw data of TD outbreaks from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System of the Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency in Korea, and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan, 2016 to 2020. Results: There were 36,785 cases of TD with a cumulative infectious rate (CIR) of 14.3 per 100,000 populations in Korea from 2016 to 2020. During the same period in Japan, there were 2,350 cases with a CIR of 0.4. When compared, Korea was much higher than that in Japan (P

Purpose: Hepatitis E outbreaks are a serious public health concern in the world. The pilots or air traffic controllers can be incapacitated by severe hepatitis symptoms. If the symptoms of acute hepatitis do not improve, it is not suitable for aviation duties. In this study, we compare of incidence status of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections, and epidemic aspects between South Korea (from here on, ‘Korea’) and Japan. Methods: The raw data on confirmed of HEV infection cases were obtained from the National Notified Disease Surveillance System of Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea, and the National Epidemiological surveillance of Infectious Diseases surveillance system, administered by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan. Statistically significant differences between the epidemiological aspects and risk factors were determined using the Pearson’s chi-squared test or paired t-test. All data analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). Results: There were 191 cases of HEV infected cases with a prevalence rate (PR) of 0.37 per 100,000 populations of Korea in 2020. During the same year in Japan, there were 454 cases with a PR of 0.36. When compared, there is statistically none significantly differences. Moreover, both PR per 100,000 populations of HEV infections in habitat of two countries were compared, in the provinces (0.39) of Korea were much higher than that in capital city of Seoul (0.27; P

When the COVID-19 crisis hit air transport, the whole aviation industry was affected. The change in the behavior of passengers following the COVID-19 crisis, travel restrictions and the ensuing economic crisis have resulted in a dramatic drop in demand for airline services. The COVID-19 pandemic, with all its associated consequences, has had a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of pilots, which could impact operational safety. As the number of international flights has decreased, pilots are exposed to high levels of psychological stress such as job instability, reduced income and increased risk of infection during flight work. Psychological stress lowers work performance and threatens aviation safety. The pilot needs mental health management during the COVID-19 pandemic, but psychological support is weak. For pilot mental health management, it is important to raise awareness about mental health and to continuously respond. To this end, it is necessary to foster a safe and trustworthy culture in which mental health issues are discussed freely and solved together without hiding them. They should also support the establishment of a peer support program that is easily accessible and that allows pilots to discuss their issues with confidence.

Pericardial effusion and subsequent cardiac tamponade are recognized as infrequent complications of a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) causing hemodynamic instability. The cause of pericarditis is mostly idiopathic which makes up around 90% of cases. Other causes are infections caused by viruses, bacteria or tuberculosis. Other causes could include neoplasms, a connective tissue disorder, renal failure, post-myocardial infarction (also known as Dressler syndrome), open heart surgery (also known as the postpericardiotomy syndrome) and drugs. Acute myocardial infarction is a significant cause of the pilot incapacitation. Pericardial effusion after treatment for acute myocardial infarction is a factor that worsens the prognosis. I present the case of a pilot with a STEMI which was treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to proximal left circumflex artery. After PCI, the pilot went on to develop pericardial effusion with tamponade.

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem that is causally related to serious medical conditions. In this study, the public health implications of obesity based on body mass index (BMI) with anthropometric measures among adults in the Republic of Korea and Japan in 2019 were compared. Methods: A simple cross-section, nationally representative of the raw data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019 between Korea and Japan were used. We analyzed the data of those categorized as obese with a BMI of ≥25 kg/ m2 according to the World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Results: The average values of BMI based on body height and body weight among males and females in Korea were 24.6±0.08 and 23.3±0.09, respectively; those in Japan were 23.9±0.08 and 22.6±0.08, respectively. The measured anthropometric values were obviously higher in Korean than in Japan (P

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine is expected to play an important role in stopping the pandemic. Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will also help keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19. Efforts to find an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have progressed unprecedentedly through active support from public research grants and private-public partnership programs. Clinical studies have been actively conducted, and some vaccines are being vaccinated with approval for urgent use. The WHO has approved and supplied the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. In Korea, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was approved for urgent use, and vaccination began on February 26, 2021. In this paper, the efficacy and side effects of each vaccines and the effect on pilots and air traffic controllers related to COVID-19 vaccination were investigated in terms of aviation medicine.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on our society as a whole. The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health crisis, it is also an economic, social and humanitarian crisis. Considering the dramatic global economic and social impact that the crisis has engendered, the aviation system is standing on the doorstep of rapid transformation. In particular, the impact on the aviation and travel industries is enormous. Air travel to most countries has been suspended and blocked. Looking at Korea’s current situation, COVID-19 has wholly changed the aviation industry. As COVID-19 spreads around the world, countries have come up with aviation safety measures. Infectious disease safety measures were established to protect passengers and crew members, and countries with collapsed medical systems extended the validity period for aviation medical examinations. In Korea, on August 11, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport provided guidance on medical measures related to COVID-19 through an official letter of “Notification of cautions for pilots and air traffic control officers (ATCO) when COVID-19 is confirmed”. Overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have announced regulations for aviation medical examination regulations in relation to COVID-19, and have set standards for returning to aviation after COVID-19 is confirmed. In this paper, we would like to investigate the regulations for aviation medical examination related to COVID-19.

Atopic dermatitis is a condition that makes skin red and itchy. It is common in children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is chronic and tends to flare periodically. The pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been clearly elucidated but genetic predisposition, immunological dysfunction, and environmental factors are presumed to be involved in the pathogenesis. In general, it is difficult to cure, but as time passes, most of them heal naturally and the symptoms disappear, but the symptoms continue to recur. So, the basic treatment is to relieve the pruritus and prevent it from reoccurring. Treatment involves avoiding things that make the condition worse, daily bathing with application of moisturizing cream afterwards, applying steroid creams when flares occur, and medications to relieve itching sensation. Steroid pills or creams based on calcineurin inhibitors may occasionally be used if other measures are not effective. When examining a pilot with atopic dermatitis, the dermatitis condition, the treatment being used, and the side effects of the medications should be considered. This case involves an otherwise healthy applicant for the 1st class medical certification who has had atopic dermatitis.

This study aimed to quantify the causes of Korean airline pilots' medical disqualification during 2015~2019. The airline pilot disqualification data is important for grasping what health problems are common to pilots and establishing preventive health care programs. We were able to obtain data from official sources at the Korean Civil Aviation Authority during 2015~2019. The total number of pilots was 29,095, and the number of disqualified professional pilots in Korea was 36. Looking at airline pilots' status by age group, the 40s were the highest with 38%. However, the disqualification rate per 1,000 pilots was the highest in the 60s, at 4.6. When the different diagnostic categories classified the disqualification results, cardiovascular disease was the highest with 12 cases (33.3%), followed by eye disease, malignancy, neurology, psychiatry, otorhinolaryngology, and respiratory disease. The total number of pilots during 2015~2019 was 29,095, and the overall disqualification rate of 1.6/1,000 pilots.

This study focuses on the comparative and quantitative analysis of the epidemiologic trends and aspects of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) outbreaks between Korea and Japan from 2013 to 2017. The following factors were analyzed; cumulative incidence rate (CIR), cases-fatality rate (CFR), and the epidemic aspects, including cases related to gender, male-to-female morbidity ratio (MFMR), age, seasonal, and geographical distributions. We observed 607 SFTS cases with CIR in Korea during the period 2013 to 2017 were as 0.24 per 100,000 populations and with a 127 fatal-cases (F.C.s), corresponding to a CFR of 20.9%, respectively. During the same period in Japan, 319 SFTS cases with a CIR of 0.05 and with 60 F.C.s to a CFR of 18.8% observed. When compared, the CIR of SFTS in Korea was significantly higher than in Japan (P

The cabin environment has many physiological effects on commercial aircraft passengers and medical providers, and environmental stress factors exist. Therefore, it is important for medical providers to understand the effects of aviation physiology and cabin environment on the human body. It should also be remembered that these physiological changes and environmental stress factors can affect passengers as well as flight crew and also medical equipment. Providing medical assistance during a flight offers a number of unique challenges including lower cabin pressure, tight quarters, crowded conditions, and loud background noise. The purpose of this Korean guideline is to offer an overview on various in-flight emergencies that could be anticipated and to outline treatment priorities.

In 2019, the Aerospace Medical Association of Korea celebrated its 30th anniversary. On the other side of the world, it was also the 62nd anniversary of Russian launch Sputnik 1 of the world’s first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957. In additionally, the world, especially the United States was shocked, when on November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 blasted into Earth orbit with a dog named “Laika”; it was the role of veterinarian’s activities for aerospace medical research and exploration. Veterinarians (Vets) are responsible for the health of all the animals for aerospace medicine whether on the ground or in space. Vets can enhance animal and public health and this knowledge of Vets and astronauts can extend their mission durations, go to nearby Earth Asteroids, Mars and other heavenly bodies to study their living and non-living characteristics. This review article is the brief history of the original growth of the veterinarian’s activities for the aerospace medical research, in order to stimulate future strategies for improvements in the space life sciences and exploration.

The Republic of Korea is rapidly entering an aging society. With the aging of society, the overseas travel of the elderly is increasing rapidly. According to the Korea Tourism Organization, the number of overseas tourists aged 61 or older last year exceeded 2.5 million, of which over 80 were over 200,000. Age is no longer a limiting factor for traveling abroad, but traveling to unfamiliar places is certainly a challenge. Old people may experience a variety of problems, so special care should be taken. In particular, the aircraft cabin environment is different from the ground, so elderly travelers with respiratory or heart disease require special attention. In this paper, we want to know the precautions and how to prepare for the safe air travel for the elderly.

In accordance with ICAO SARPs, the states should implement appropriate aviation-related health promotion for airmen subject to an aviation medical examination to reduce future medical risks to flight safety. We aimed to analyze the results of the aviation medical examination to use as objective evidence for establishing an aviation-related health promotion plan. The results of the final issuance of airmen medical certificate from 2015~2017 were collected from the e-sky computer system. The 30 cases (0.3%) in 2015, 22 cases (0.2%) in 2016, 38 cases (0.3%) in 2017 were unfit for flight duty. The 34 unfit out of the total 90 cases were renewal physical examinations. The cardiovascular disease was most commonly in 11 cases, followed by 8 tumors, 4 psychiatric diseases, 3 ophthalmic diseases, 2 respiratory diseases, 2 neurologic diseases, 2 otolaryngological diseases, 1 endocrine disease and 1 digestive disease. The results of this study can be used as objective data in aviation-related health promotion plan. The health promotion activities based on objective data can contribute to improving aviation safety by improving the lifestyles of airmen.

The present study analyzed all of exotic malaria (EM) cases reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan from 2015 to 2017 to assess the trends of incidence overtime to review the risk factors for travelers visiting malaria-endemic countries. We investigated 162 cases of EM in Korea with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of 0.105 per 100,000 populations nationwide and the CIR of the oversea travelers was 0.238 per 100,000 travelers, respectively. During the same period in Japan, 152 cases of EM in nationwide with a CIR of 0.041 and in the oversea travelers with a CIR of 0.297 were observed. When compared, the CIR of EM in nationwide was much higher than that in Japan (戶＜0.01), but a CIR of imported by travelers in Korea was lower than that in Japan (戶＜0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, human brucellosis (HB) has become a principal zoonosis in Korea. The objective of this study was observing the epidemiological trends of the extensive eradication programs for bovine brucellosis (BB) outbreaks - associated HB in Korea from 2002 to 2013. The raw data analysis in this study was obtained from the website of brucellosis outbreaks by Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Korea, 2002〜2013. The number of cases of BB outbreaks - associated HB in Korea was increased after 2003 and peaked in 2006 before decreasing thereafter. There were a total of 89,240 infected BB in domestic cattle with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of 611.8 per 100,000 cattle; during the same period there were a total of 703 cases of HB with a CIR of 0.12 per 100,000 persons. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of brucellosis outbreaks between cattle and human was highly significant (r= + 0.985). The attack ratio of HB was 7.88 per 1,000 BB cases. All of the control measures of HB were applied in the extensive eradication programs for brucellosis outbreaks of infection source in domestic animals and contributed significantly to the reduction in the outbreaks of HB in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a breathing disorder characterized by a secondary intermittent decrease in blood oxygen saturation concentration, increased respiratory ability, and frequent awakening due to obstruction of airflow through repetitive upper airway during sleep. In adults, it is known to occur in 2 to 4% of the total population. In the case of obstructive sleep apnea without treatment for a long period of time, there is a decrease in working productivity due to daytime sleepiness and concentration problems. In addition, there are several types of serious complications, such as anorexia nervosa, related diseases, metabolic syndrome, etc. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reported a six-fold increase in the risk of aviation crashes for pilots with OSA. Based on this, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is required to evaluate OSA on an aviation medical examination. OSA is an important issue directly linked to aviation safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea in aviation medical examination and the evaluation method of OSA in foreign and domestic aviation medical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the health implication and control using an appropriate body mass index (BMI) cutoff for obesity among Korean civilian pilots, and its comparison to the Korean general adult men in 2015. A comparative study of a simple cross-section, nationally representative of the raw data from the medical examination of anthropometric measures among Korean civilian pilots (3,220) compared with those in adult men (2,450) (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015: KNHANES-VI-3) were used. We analyzed data regarding were obesity, with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and Asian-specific being BMI cutoff point by the WHO Expert Consultation. The mean value of a BMI among civilian pilots was 24.6 kg/m2, and that in adult men was 24.4 kg/m2, respectively. When compared with the mean value of BMI of civilian pilots was significantly higher than that in adult men (P＜0.05). Moreover, the BMI values in both subjects tended to increase with the aging. Especially, BMI values of the elderly aviators in over 50-year-old groups were clearly showing a higher value than those in adult men (P＜0.01). The prevalence rate (PR) of obesity in civilian pilots was 36.8% and that in adult men was 39.6%, respectively. The PR of obesity in civilian pilots was significantly lower than that in adult men (P＜0.05). Additionally, the PR of obesity among civilian pilots aged 49 years or younger by age-specific groups were clearly showing a lower value than that in adult men (P＜0.01). However, the PR for the over 50-year-old groups in civilian pilots were higher than that in adult men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study concerns trends in the epidemic pattern and aspects of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Korea over the last two decades between the 1980s (1980~1988) and 2000s (2004~2013). There were a total of 1,641 nationwide cases and 68 deaths of JE with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) and cumulative mortality rate (CMR) of 0.431 and 0.018 per 100,000 populations in the 1980s, and a total of 88 cases and 17 deaths of JE with a CIR and CMR was 0.19 and 0.003 in the 2000s. The CIR and CMR in the 1980s was tended to decreased to the 2000s, (P＜0.01). However, the case-fatality rate (CFR) in the 1980s (4.1%) was increased from the 1980s to 2000s (19.3%), (P＜0.01). The age distribution of JE cases was as follows; an 87.3% of the JE cases involved those younger than 19-years old in the 1980s and an 87.5% of the cases in the 2000s involved those over 40-years old; these were the trending changes from the 1980s to the 2000s, (P＜0.01). Consideration should be given to an adult such as swineherd workers or livestock farmers, so that the immunization policy in Korea can benefit them for the better planning of future control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Alcohol has many widespread effects on the body, and impairs almost all forms of cognitive function, such as information processing, decision-making, attention and reasoning. Visual and vestibular functions are also adversely affected. Alcohol use is a significant risk factor of aircraft accidents. Analysis of traffic accidents among alcohol-impaired driving is helpful to understand aircraft accidents associated alcohol use. This article provides information on the trend of traffic-accidents among alcohol-impaired driving (AID) in Korea between 2001 and 2009. The morbidity rate (MR) and mortality rate (MoR) per 100,000 persons of all traffic accidents (ATA), ATA fatalities, AID severe injuries and AID fatalities fell from 550.3, 17.1, 39.5 and 2.1, respectively in 2001 to 475.9, 12.0, 33.6 and 1.8, respectively in 2009 (P＜0.01). However, the MR of ATA injuries, AID all-accidents and AID injuries increased from 722.7, 52.8 and 89.0, respectively in 2001 to 742.4, 57.9 and 104.2, respectively in 2009 (P＜0.01). AID traffic accidents, as categorized by age fell from 68.6% in 2001 to 53.9% in 2009 for drivers younger than 40 years of age (P＜0.01). Moreover, AID traffic accidents, as categorized by weekdays and weekends were 52.7% and 47.3%, respectively in 2001, and 51.9% and 48.1%, respectively in 2009. The change rates of AID traffic accidents between 2001 and 2009 by vehicle type were ＋7.7% for private cars, -4.9% for omnibuses, -5.1% for trucks, ＋0.5% for motorcycles and ＋1.7% for others. In conclusion, comprehensive community and nationwide interventions that included highly publicized enforcement of laws against AID and drinking have yielded substantial reductions in driving after drinking and in AID-related crashes and deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major disease that induces in-flight incapacitation, and it is a major cause of permanent medical disqualification for pilots. This study describes CAD of civil aviation workers by retrospective analysis of Aerospace Medical Association of Korea (AsMAK) review data on aviation physical examination. Methods: Subjects were 27 civil aviation workers (pilots and air traffic controllers) who have been diagnosed with CAD. The subjects were selected based on documents submitted in AsMAK from January to December in 2010. Periods of being diagnosed, risk factors, laboratory results, and others were reviewed with relevant AsMAK decision. The ones who are currently not on active duty because they were diagnosed with alleged CAD prior to 2010 and who were determined unfit on the aviation physical examination have been excluded from the analysis. The selection criteria are as follows: 1) the case wherein symptoms related to CAD not identified initially, but the stenosis of coronary artery is identified by coronary CT angiography or coronary angiography which are beyond electrocardiogram or stress electrocardiogram test or 2) the case wherein workers received urgent treatment such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) due to myocardial infarction. Results and Conclusion: In 2010, 27 aviation workers were diagnosed as having CAD among 5850 aviation medical examinations. The average age of these workers was 55.1 years and the average body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²) was 24.7. The CAD risk factors at the time of diagnosis were obesity (40.7%), hyperlipidemia (29.6%), hypertension (7.4%), diabetes mellitus (7.4%), and taking of antihyperlipidemic medicines (7.4%). Smoking and family history were additional risk factors. Eight cases (29.6%) were newly diagnosed with CAD during 2010 and 19 cases were already diagnosed as it is. In regard to coronary angiography, involved coronary arteries were in the following order: left anterior descending 51.5%, right coronary 24.3%, left circumflex 21.2% and left main 3.0%. Among all CAD cases, single-vessel disease was comprising a large proportion of the cases (66.7%) and double-vessel disease (24.2%) and triple-vessel disease (9.1%) were followed. Graded range of vessel stenosis were mild (12.1%), moderate (24.3%) and obstructive (63.6%) respectively. The treatment modality for CAD cases was medication (44.4%) and percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stent placement (55.6%). CABG, a conventional way of CAD treatment was not attempted. AsMAK determined 23 cases (85.2%) as special issuance and 4 cases(14.8%) as denial. The period of follow-up after initial diagnosis or commencing treatment was 53 months on the average. There was no case of major adverse cardiac events such as cardiac death or myocardial infarction during the periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]