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Background: Surgical treatment is considered the best approach by many researchers for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). While postoperative outcomes are mainly favorable, wound healing still fails in some cases. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the postoperative healing of MRONJ. Methods: This study involved 400 osteoporosis patients who received surgical treatment from January 2009 to January 2018 in Kyungpook National University Hospital. The patient, drug, and clinical factors were collected as investigation variables. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to identify relationships between the factors and healing aspect. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the route of drug administration, bone exposure, types of surgical management, and wound management had a significant influence (p &lt, 0.05) on the healing outcome. Sequestrectomy with primary closure had a more positive effect on favorable healing. In the multivariate logistic regression test, the effect of wound management alone was not statistically significant (p &gt, 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with osteoporosis, the factors such as intravenously administered drugs, fistulas that were probed to the bone, and surgical management with curettage were associated with a lower rate of postoperative complete healing of MRONJ, whereas primary closure of wounds led, possibly, to good healing outcomes. The strengths of the study include its relatively large sample size and that its results can hopefully aid in the clinical decisions for practitioners and future research studies for researchers.

The metastable isotope 99mTc is one of the most useful radioisotopes, widely used for nuclear imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. 99mTc is derived from its mother isotope, 99Mo, by alkaline dissolution of neutron-irradiated UAlx targets with Al cladding. For the effective separation of 99Mo from the solution, the formation of Al-hydroxides should be avoided during the dissolution process because Al-hydroxides remove $$^{99} {\text{MoO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ ions by selectively adsorbing them from the solution. In this study, various conditions for the formation of Al-hydroxides were investigated from the alkaline digest of an Al6061 fake target. Controlled formation of two different phases of Al-hydroxides, gibbsite and bayerite, under different NaNO3/NaOH molar ratios in the dissolution solution was observed. In the solution of 4NaNO3·3NaOH, the gibbsite phase was more dominant than the bayerite phase. On the other hand, the bayerite phase was more favored in the 2NaNO3·1.5NaOH solution. The reaction time also affected the phase transition of the Al-hydroxides. With an increased reaction time, the formation of the bayerite was more promoted than the gibbsite. Additionally, the adsorption of $$^{99} {\text{MoO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ ions on both gibbsite and bayerite was characterized using ICP-AES. One gram of bayerite attracted up to 4.8 mg of Mo-ions, and this is significantly larger than the amount adsorbed on the gibbsite. This research focused on the optimal alkaline dissolution conditions to minimize the loss of $$^{99} {\text{MoO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ during the process. The formation of bayerite should be avoided by controlling the solution concentration, initial temperature, and reaction time.

To evaluate the role of herbal medicine in drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and identify an optimal treatment approach.Retrospective review of DIP cases treated with herbal medicine.The Parkinson's clinic at Kyung Hee Traditional Korean Medicine Hospital, Korea.Twenty-one patients whose clinical outcome and offending drug could be identified.Clinical features, treatments, and outcomes and summarized the clinical course and treatment in each case.Twelve patients had levosulpiride-induced parkinsonism and 9 had parkinsonism induced by another drug. The offending drugs were discontinued in all patients, and all patients received herbal medications during treatment. Nine of 12 patients with parkinsonism from levosulpiride and 4 of 9 patients with parkinsonism from other drugs had complete reversal of symptoms. The most frequently used herbal formula was Ukgansan (Yigansan). DIP in the levosulpiride group tended to improve faster with herbal medicine, and the percentage of improvement was higher.Optimal herbal medicine treatments chosen after a careful history and evaluation for risk factors may be helpful in reversing DIP.

Here, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) manipulating the pores of silica beads (SBs) with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1 mm. Silver ions were occluded inside the pores of SBs and in situ reduced to Ag-NPs using Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ). SBs with different average pore diameters from 3.8 to 20 nm were used to assess the effect of their pore sizes and porous structures on the formation of Ag-NPs. Obtained results revealed that the silver amount occluded inside pores increases along with the increase of total pore volume. The particle sizes of the synthesized Ag-NPs mainly distribute from 8 to 15 nm and vary with the pore sizes and porous structure.

Mesoporous titania–silica composite (MTSC) with a large surface area (387 m 2 /g) and large pore volume was synthesized by a two step condensation sol–gel method. Transparent TiO 2 sol was formed at room temperature through condensation and peptization of titanium oxychloride solution using ammonium hydroxide and aqueous nitric acid respectively. Sodium silicate was used as a silica source to form a composite with the preformed TiO 2 sol. The physical properties of the composite were examined by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), BET surface area, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nitrogen physisorption behavior of the synthesized composite was compared to that obtained from grafting and one-pot co-condensation methods using the same precursors in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). It was found that MTSC synthesized under this method possessed large pore sizes and pore volume but its thermal stability was comparatively low. FTIR spectra showed the formation of a Ti O Si bond at 940 cm − 1 suggesting that titania was incorporated in silica to form a composite. The XRD patterns showed that the major phase of the titania had an anatase phase up to 900 °C but it transforms into rutile when calcined at 1000 °C. Furthermore the EDS studies of the as-synthesized and calcined samples substantiated the formation of titania–silica composites.