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4. Evolutionary and Neurobiological Underpinnings of Adult Learning. What Can Veterans Teach Us?

Author

Young, Jeremy R.

Abstract

The role of various neurological structures and their functions play a key role in determining risk versus reward and pleasure versus pain. This neurobiological evolutionary development ultimately drives our motivation or avoidance based exclusively on our desire to survive. Following 16 years of prolonged combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, the military veteran is an exceptional example into how being emotionally distant (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) can produce unintended barriers to learning. According to Pessoa (2017), the key to adult learning is unlocking the emotional pathways that are interwoven between perception, cognition, motivation, and action. [For the complete proceedings, see ED590245.]

Published
2018

8. Ocean warming, not acidification, controlled coccolithophore response during past greenhouse climate change

Author

Gibbs, Samantha J, Bown, Paul R, Ridgwell, Andy, Young, Jeremy R, Poulton, Alex J, and O’Dea, Sarah A

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

Current carbon dioxide emissions are an assumed threat to oceanic calcifying plankton (coccolithophores) not just due to rising sea-surface temperatures, but also because of ocean acidification (OA). This assessment is based on single species culture experiments that are now revealing complex, synergistic, and adaptive responses to such environmental change. Despite this complexity, there is still a widespread perception that coccolithophore calcification will be inhibited by OA. These plankton have an excellent fossil record, and so we can test for the impact of OA during geological carbon cycle events, providing the added advantages of exploring entire communities across real-world major climate perturbation and recovery. Here we target fossil coccolithophore groups (holococcoliths and braarudosphaerids) expected to exhibit greatest sensitivity to acidification because of their reliance on extracellular calcification. Across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (56 Ma) rapid warming event, the biogeography and abundance of these extracellular calcifiers shifted dramatically, disappearing entirely from low latitudes to become limited to cooler, lower saturation-state areas. By comparing these range shift data with the environmental parameters from an Earth system model, we show that the principal control on these range retractions was temperature, with survival maintained in high-latitude refugia, despite more adverse ocean chemistry conditions. Deleterious effects of OA were only evidenced when twinned with elevated temperatures.

Published
2016

10. Magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform) reveal changes in the monsoon system

Author

Lanci, Luca, Zanella, Elena, Jovane, Luigi, Galeotti, Simone, Alonso-García, Montserrat, Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Bejugam, Nagender Nath, Betzler, Christian, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Eberli, Gregor P., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Inoue, Mayuri, Kroon, Dick, Laya, Juan Carlos, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Lüdmann, Thomas, Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J.G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, and Young, Jeremy R.

Published
2019
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15. Carbonate delta drift: A new sediment drift type

Author

Lüdmann, Thomas, Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Reolid, Jesús, Reijmer, John J.G., Sloss, Craig R., Bialik, Or M., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Kroon, Dick, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Nath, B. Nagender, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Slagle, Angela L., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, and Young, Jeremy R.

Published
2018
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21. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Ericiolus and Mercedesia (Prymnesiophyceae) and description of three new species

Author

Archontikis, Odysseas A., Millán, Josué G., Winter, Amos, Young, Jeremy R., Archontikis, Odysseas A., Millán, Josué G., Winter, Amos, and Young, Jeremy R.

Abstract

The genera Ericiolus and Mercedesia are distinctive extant coccolithophores that are characterized by monothecate, monomorphic coccospheres with one type of triradiate star-shaped nannoliths. The two genera were described from the Danish coastal waters, the surface waters of the Arctic, and the Southern Oceans. During a study of samples from the low photic zone of the Mediterranean and Sargasso Seas, and from the subtropical gyres of the South-eastern Pacific and the South Atlantic Oceans, 44 collapsed coccospheres with triradiate star-like nannoliths were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Observations on the morphologies and biometric assessments of these specimens revealed that three distinct sets of nannoliths can be distinguished and that these were morphologically differentiated from all currently known species of Ericiolus and Mercedesia. The new forms and the previously described species of Ericiolus and Mercedesia were, however, similar, as they all demonstrated a distinctive set of collectively shared morphological characters and almost identical size ranges. On the basis of this, and instead of describing a third genus for the same group of nannoliths, we preferred to taxonomically synonymize Mercedesia with Ericiolus and revise the definition of Ericiolus. Therefore, we describe three new species, Ericiolus bendifii sp. nov., Ericiolus sheldoniae sp. nov. and Ericiolus mattioliae sp. nov., and an incompletely defined taxon, as Ericiolus cf. bendifii, and establish the new combinations E. aspiphorus comb. nov., E. multistellatus comb. nov. and E. pusillus comb. nov.

Published
2023
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22. Taxonomy and morphology of Calciopappus curvus sp. nov. (Syracosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae), a novel appendage-bearing coccolithophore

Author

Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Simons Foundation, INA Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Archontikis, Odysseas A., Millán, Josué G., Andruleit, Harald, Cros, Lluïsa, Kleijne, Annelies, Heldal, Mikal, Doan-Nhu, Hai, Winter, Amos, Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio, Young, Jeremy R., Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Simons Foundation, INA Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Archontikis, Odysseas A., Millán, Josué G., Andruleit, Harald, Cros, Lluïsa, Kleijne, Annelies, Heldal, Mikal, Doan-Nhu, Hai, Winter, Amos, Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio, and Young, Jeremy R.

Abstract

Based on scanning electron microscopy observations, a new species of the coccolithophore genus Calciopappus (Syracosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae) is described from the surface waters off Bergen and from the lower photic zone of sub-tropical and tropical waters. Morphological, coccolith rim structure and biometric analyses strongly support separation of this morphotype from the two described Calciopappus species, but inclusion of it within the genus. The new form differs from the other species in being noticeably smaller and in morpho-structural details of each of the three coccolith types that form the coccosphere: (1) the body coccoliths have an open central area; (2) the whorl coccoliths have a wide central opening and two thumb-like protrusions; and (3) the appendage coccoliths are curved. On this basis, the species is formally described as Calciopappus curvus sp. nov., its systematic affinity is discussed and compared with other extant coccolithophores

Published
2023

27. Correction to: A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Author

Kunkelova, Tereza, Jung, Simon J. A., de Leau, Erica S., Odling, Nick, Thomas, Alex L., Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Lüdmann, Thomas, Bejugam, Nagender N., Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J. G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, Young, Jeremy R., Lindhorst, Sebastian, Stainbank, Stephanie, Rueggeberg, Andres, Spezzaferri, Silvia, Carrasqueira, Igor, Yu, Siyao, and Kroon, Dick

Published
2019
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28. A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Author

Kunkelova, Tereza, Jung, Simon J. A., de Leau, Erica S., Odling, Nick, Thomas, Alex L., Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Lüdmann, Thomas, Bejugam, Nagender N., Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J. G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, Young, Jeremy R., Lindhorst, Sebastian, Stainbank, Stephanie, Rueggeberg, Andres, Spezzaferri, Silvia, Carrasqueira, Igor, Yu, Siyao, and Kroon, Dick

Published
2018
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30. Species level variation in coccolithophores

Author

Geisen, Markus, Young, Jeremy R., Probert, Ian, Sáez, Alberto G., Baumann, Karl-Heinz, Sprengel, Claudia, Bollmann, Jörg, Cros, Lluïsa, de Vargas, Colomban, Medlin, Linda K., Thierstein, Hans R., editor, and Young, Jeremy R., editor

Published
2004
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39. Fine structure of silicoflagellate double skeletons

Author

McCartney, Kevin, Witkowski, Jakub, Jordan, Richard W., Daugbjerg, Niels, Malinverno, Elisa, van Wezel, René, Kano, Hiroya, Abe, Kenta, Scott, Fiona, Schweizer, Magali, Young, Jeremy R., Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M., and Shiozawa, Ayaka

Published
2014
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41. chapter 7 Carbon Export Efficiency and Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean

Author

MOIGNE, FRÉDÉRIC A. C. LE, primary, POULTON, ALEX J., additional, HENSON, STEPHANIE A., additional, DANIELS, CHRIS J., additional, FRAGOSO, GLAUCIA M., additional, MITCHELL, ELAINE, additional, RICHIER, SOPHIE, additional, RUSSELL, BENJAMIN C., additional, SMITH, HELEN E. K., additional, TARLING, GERAINT A., additional, YOUNG, JEREMY R., additional, and ZUBKOV, MIKE, additional

Published
2017
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45. First Application of Articulated Concrete Block Armoring with a Stabilized Stone Drainage Layer

Author

Young, Jeremy R. and Nadeau, Jim

Subjects
Civil Engineering
Abstract

Results from recent hydraulic testing of Articulated Concrete Block (ACB) systems have shown variations in the level of the ACB surface is attributed to the movement of an unconfined stone drainage layer. This movement appears to be exacerbated by thicker drainage layers, higher overtopping depths, and longer test flumes. While the apparent movement did not constitute “threshold of performance” as currently defined by ASTM D7276 and D7277, there was a desire to mitigate movement of the stone drainage layer and maintain conservatism in ACB design and construction. This paper will review the findings of Nadeau and Wedin’s paper from Protections 2018, which proposed an ACB system with a stone drainage layer stabilized with geocell to increase ACB performance under steady state and hydraulic jump conditions. A similar ACB system was recently designed and constructed to provide overtopping protection at Hollymead Lake Dam located near Charlottesville, VA. The system was selected for added conservatism to address overtopping depths approaching 1.6m (5.4-ft), hydraulic jump conditions occurring on the downstream slope, and other complex flow conditions due to site geometry. The authors believe this to be the first application of its kind. Design and analysis of the Hollymead Lake Dam ACB will be summarized and include a comparison of the factor of safety with and without the geocell stabilized stone drainage layer. The project was completed in November 2019. Details from construction will also be presented.

Published
2022
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50. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Ericiolusand Mercedesia(Prymnesiophyceae) and description of three new species

Author

Archontikis, Odysseas A., Millán, Josué G., Winter, Amos, and Young, Jeremy R.

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe genera Ericiolusand Mercedesiaare distinctive extant coccolithophores that are characterized by monothecate, monomorphic coccospheres with one type of triradiate star-shaped nannoliths. The two genera were described from the Danish coastal waters, the surface waters of the Arctic, and the Southern Oceans. During a study of samples from the low photic zone of the Mediterranean and Sargasso Seas, and from the subtropical gyres of the South-eastern Pacific and the South Atlantic Oceans, 44 collapsed coccospheres with triradiate star-like nannoliths were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Observations on the morphologies and biometric assessments of these specimens revealed that three distinct sets of nannoliths can be distinguished and that these were morphologically differentiated from all currently known species of Ericiolusand Mercedesia. The new forms and the previously described species of Ericiolusand Mercedesiawere, however, similar, as they all demonstrated a distinctive set of collectively shared morphological characters and almost identical size ranges. On the basis of this, and instead of describing a third genus for the same group of nannoliths, we preferred to taxonomically synonymize Mercedesiawith Ericiolusand revise the definition of Ericiolus. Therefore, we describe three new species, Ericiolus bendifii sp. nov., Ericiolus sheldoniae sp. nov. and Ericiolus mattioliae sp. nov., and an incompletely defined taxon, as Ericioluscf. bendifii, and establish the new combinations E. aspiphorus comb. nov., E. multistellatus comb. nov. and E. pusillus comb. nov.

Published
2023
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