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In the current work, new and diverse hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized through a facile and multistep synthetic approach. The chemical structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques. In vitro bioactivity analysis demonstrated selective and potent inhibitory potential of hydrazone derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. (E)‐3‐chloro‐N′‐(1‐phenylethylidene) benzohydrazide remarkably emerged as a lead candidate exhibiting potent and selective inhibition of AChE with an IC50 value of 0.63±0.01 μM whereas (E)‐3‐chloro‐N′‐(1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide delivered the strong potency and selective inhibition towards monoamine oxidase A with an IC50 value of 0.89±0.04 μM. Moreover, (E)‐3‐chloro‐N′‐(1‐(4‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (IC50=2.06±0.01 μM) and (E)‐3‐chloro‐N′‐(1‐(5‐chlorothiophen‐2‐yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (IC50=2.06±0.05 μM) were identified as lead inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Molecular docking studies of potent and selective inhibitors exhibited various important interactions with amino acid residues in the active pocket of both enzymes, thus strengthening our in vitro results. The kinetics analysis of the most potent compound against AChE revealed non‐competitive mode of inhibition, whereas against monoamine oxidase (A & B), the corresponding lead inhibitors exhibited mixed type of inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed to investigate the energetically stable complex formation ability of potent compounds with the target protein. Finally, the results of in silico pharmacokinetic properties showed that the potent compounds have promising pharmacological effects that follow all the parameters of drug‐likeness and could serve as effective drug candidates for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urease enzyme is a known therapeutic drug target for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection due to its role in settlement and growth in gastric mucosa. In this study, we designed a new series of sulfonates and sulfamates bearing imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold that exhibit a potent inhibitory activity of urease enzyme. The most potent compound 2c inhibited urease with an IC50 value of 2.94 ± 0.05 μM, which is 8-fold more potent than the thiourea positive control (IC50 = 22.3 ± 0.031 μM). Enzyme kinetics study showed that compound 2c is a competitive inhibitor of urease. Molecular modeling studies of the most potent inhibitors in the urease active site suggested multiple binding interactions with different amino acid residues. Phenotypic screening of the developed compounds against H. pylori delivered molecules of that possess high potency (1a, 1d, 1h, 2d, and 2f) in comparison to the positive control, acetohydroxamic acid. Additional studies to investigate the selectivity of these compounds against AGS gastric cell line and E. coli were performed. Permeability of the most promising derivatives (1a, 1d, 1h, 2d, and 2f) in Caco-2 cell line, was investigated. As a result, compound 1d presented itself as a lead drug candidate since it exhibited a promising inhibition against urease with an IC50 of 3.09 ± 0.07 μM, MIC value against H. pylori of 0.031 ± 0.011 mM, and SI against AGS of 6.05. Interestingly, compound 1d did not show activity against urease-negative E. coli and exhibited a low permeability in Caco-2 cells which supports the potential use of this compound for GIT infection without systemic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we discuss the reverse degree based topological indices for planar metal-organic networks like transition metal (TM) of the three-dimensional series such as: Ti, V, Cr, ... , or Zn, phthalocyanine, and tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as free-standing sheets. In distinction, the TM-TCNB networks are metallic at least in one revolutionary orientation and demonstrate long-range ferromagnetic connect in case for magnetic erection, which illustrate ideal entrant and a stimulating prospect of unequaled applications in spintronics. Topological indices are numerical variables of a graph which describe its topology and are usually graph invariant. We have computed the reverse degree based topological indices like the reverse general Randic index, the reverse Balaban index, the reverse atom bond connectivity index, the reverse geometric index, the reverse Zagreb type indices, and the reverse augmented Zagreb index for this metal-organic networks TM-TCNB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona virus cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of Covid-19, but none have yet been shown to be efficacious. Remdesivir Gilead Sciences number (GS-5734), an inhibitor of the viral RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), was identified early as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19 because of its ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 invitro. Knowledge about the potential efficacy of Remdesivir against corona viruses has been restricted to in vitro studies and animal models. However, information related to COVID-19 is rapidly growing. Several clinical trials are ongoing for the management of COVID-19 using Remdesivir. Efficacy of Remdesivir (GS-5734) against Ebola virus has been demonstrated. In the field of Medical Science, concerning the definition of the topological index on the molecular structure and corresponding medical, biological, chemical, pharmaceutical properties of drugs can be studied by the topological index calculation. In this paper, we compute some reverse topological indices namely, the reverse general Randic index, the reverse atom bond connectivity index, the reverse geometric arithmetic index, the reverse forgotten index, the reverse Balaban index and the reverse Zagreb type indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]