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In the present work, we analyzed the electrochromic behavior of tungsten oxide (WO3) and effect of hafnium (Hf) doping on its performance. The electrochromic performance of pristine WO3 and (2, 5, 7, 10%) Hf-doped WO3 was tested in lithium and calcium electrolyte. Hf-doped outperformed the pristine WO3, and 7% doped sample showed best results. The performance was also affected by the electrolyte used. In Ca electrolyte, 7% Hf-doped WO3 exhibited highest optical contrast of 75% (714 nm), fast switching (1.28s tc/3.14s tb), and highest coloration efficiency of 161.87 cm2 C−1 of all the samples tested. A device fabricated from the 7% Hf-doped WO3 exhibited fast switching (1.53s tc/5.83s tb) and excellent stability and proved the practical applicability of Hf doped WO3/Ca electrolyte electrochromic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we analyzed the electrochromic behavior of tungsten oxide (WO3) and effect of hafnium (Hf) doping on its performance. The electrochromic performance of pristine WO3 and (2, 5, 7, 10%) Hf-doped WO3 was tested in lithium and calcium electrolyte. Hf-doped outperformed the pristine WO3, and 7% doped sample showed best results. The performance was also affected by the electrolyte used. In Ca electrolyte, 7% Hf-doped WO3 exhibited highest optical contrast of 75% (714 nm), fast switching (1.28s tc/3.14s tb), and highest coloration efficiency of 161.87 cm2 C−1 of all the samples tested. A device fabricated from the 7% Hf-doped WO3 exhibited fast switching (1.53s tc/5.83s tb) and excellent stability and proved the practical applicability of Hf doped WO3/Ca electrolyte electrochromic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]